A Research Study on Protocol Stack of Space-Based Optical Backbone Network

Facing the growing high data rate and large communication capacity demands, optical communications are widely recognized to be used to implement satellite communications. For a space-based optical backbone network, an appropriately designed protocol stack is important. In this paper, we proposed a protocol stack that is suitable for a space-based optical backbone network. Following this, we then used software to simulate this stack, built a hardware platform to test it, and finally, analyzed the results. The results showed that the proposed protocol stack was well designed to provide efficient control and management of the space-based optical backbone network. It could improve management efficiency by collecting resources and automatically calculating and building route paths. It could also facilitate data forwarding in intermediate satellite nodes with limited source and power, by using an advanced orbiting systems (AOS) frame switching scheme to avoid unnecessary processes, such as unpacking, upper-layer processing and repacking for passing services. The protocol stack could also support the use of unidirectional links to improve the link resource utilization. Finally, it could also provide transparent transmission for different kinds of services.

The Cost of Being “True to Yourself” for Mixed Selves: Frame Switching Leads to Perceived Inauthenticity and Downstream Social Consequences for Biculturals

A growing population of biculturals—who identify with at least two cultures—often frame switch, adapting their behavior to their shifting cultural contexts. We demonstrate that frame switching biculturals are perceived as inauthentic by majority Americans and consequently seen as less likable, trustworthy, warm, and competent compared to biculturals who do not frame switch or a neutral control (Studies 1–3, N = 763). In Study 2, describing the bicultural’s behavior as authentic despite its inconsistency partly alleviated the negative effects of frame switching. In our preregistered Study 3, majority American women were less romantically interested in and less willing to date a bicultural who frame switched in his dating profiles (mediated by inauthenticity). The way biculturals negotiate their cultures can have social costs and create a barrier to intercultural relations.

The narrative of translocation as a way to construe the protagonist's horizon of consciousness (The novel “Boarding House” by S. Zhadan)

The topicality and novelty of the proposed article is accounted for by the need to involve into the space of Ukrainian literary studies those methodologies that are extremely rarely used due to various circumstances and that remain on the margins of scientific interests, though having powerful potential opportunities to address new approaches to studying poetics and interpretation of artistic texts. The subject of the research in the proposed article is the moving semantic horizon of protagonist’s consciousness in S. Zhadan’s novel “Boarding School”, which expresses the potential possibilities of construing his identity. Using the methods of phenomenological and existential analysis of the structures of the living world and shifts in the horizons of consciousness developed by E. Husserl and A. Bergson, the author of the article proves that they 1) are naturally in line with the specificity of the writer’s artistic thinking aimed at the analysis of the characters in their search of the purpose of existence and 2) this search of explication of the inner world and shifts of consciousness of the protagonist Pasha is carried out within the narrative of shifting horizons of “protoimpression” which, according to Husserl, in each case is the interaction of three integral components manifested in the experience of “now”, which inevitably fits into the horizon of “once” (retentional — past-related) and “then” (protential — future-related) modifications. It is proved that the artistic narrative of the novel is designed to capture the thickening of the horizons of consciousness and memory of the protagonist, whose experience appears in different modes: perception / rejection, imagination, dream, memory, various visualization techniques, etc. Emphasis is placed on the methods of transferring “shifts” of the protagonist’s consciousness related to the film narrative, the process of image-experience, where profound expansion of memory gains special importance, the formation of subjective impressions: associative saturation of details, attraction to cinematic visualisation, change focalization, “subjective camera effect”, the use of frame switching techniques, etc. Prospects for further studies are associated with the further involvement of the methodology of phenomenological and existential analysis and knowledge of the application of film narration techniques for the analysis of the plot and composition skills of the writer.

Multicultural Identity and Experiences

This chapter discusses the cultural and social–personality psychological processes involved in multicultural experiences and identities and the societal factors that influence these phenomena. To do so, relevant findings and theories from the subfields of acculturation, sociology, cultural, social, and personality psychologies are reviewed and integrated. The chapter includes sections devoted to defining multiculturalism and its components at the individual, group, and societal levels, explaining the links between multiculturalism and related constructs, such as acculturation and interculturalism, and synthesizing the fast-growing literatures on cultural frame switching, individual differences in multicultural identity, and outcomes resulting from multicultural identities and experiences. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future challenges and needed directions in the psychological study of multiculturalism.

A Review of Psycho- vs. Socio-Linguistics Theories

This chapter offers an overview of the key socio-psycholinguistic theories and their application to the marketing sphere. Among the models examined, of particular note are the Markedness Model (Myers-Scotton, 1999), the Revised Hierarchical Model (Kroll & Steward, 1994) and the Conceptual Features Model (De Groot, 1992). Examining these three models in particular, we review the key concepts of Code-switching, Cultural Frame-Switching and Foreign Language Display, which have been widely used in the marketing and consumer behavior disciplines. The chapter also puts forward potential future lines of research in linguistics and its application to marketing.