The Role of Families, Schools, and Colleges

This chapter explores the challenges for families and schools in channeling ambitions in more productive directions. Today’s adolescents confront a world of growing pressures, which are also increasing mental health challenges. Parents’ vicarious ambitions can compound the problems if they push children to focus too much on extrinsic markers of success at the expense of intrinsic motivations to learn and ethical values. Both schools and families should help students to develop persistence, resilience, a strong moral compass, and commitment to the common good. Opportunities for service learning, internships and mentorships can encourage constructive ambitions. So too, parents and colleges must better control the preoccupation with prestige that has hijacked admission processes and encouraged gaming the system. Educators should also modify admission criteria such as legacy, donor, and athletic preferences that advantage already advantaged applicants.

The Relationship between Intrinsic Motivations and Commitment of Consumers in Brand Communities of Entertainment Media

Social Networking Sites (SNSs) play an increasingly important role in the marketing of products and services. This study aims to explore the relationship between intrinsic motivations and the level of commitment of followers of the brand communities of the media that cover showbusiness. To address this issue, a cross-sectional methodological strategy was adopted in which a questionnaire with a Likert-type scale was administered to 313 users of Facebook fan pages. The main findings show that there are four groups of motivations: community spirit, enthusiasm for the brand, search for entertainment and prize chase. Each of these motivational categories features two variations in the level of commitment, with fans divided into enthusiasts and pragmatists. The findings may allow the establishment of ways to use commitment and motivation more efficiently with regard to marketing actions, something which will also contribute to SNS managers' strategic decisions.

Why do consumers become providers? Self-determination in the sharing economy

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore why and how sharing economy users switch from consumer (e.g. Airbnb guest) to provider (e.g. Airbnb host), and how this helps enrich self-determination theory.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an exploratory study with users who had been consumers (i.e. Airbnb guests) and had switched to being providers (i.e. Airbnb hosts).FindingsConsumers switch to being providers across four phases: “catalysts”, “enablers”, “drivers” and “glue”. The authors identify various extrinsic and intrinsic motivations unique to the switch and map these against motivators postulated by self-determination theory.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors propose a four-phase process through which consumers become providers. The present study enriches self-determination theory by showing how users' psychosocial needs are addressed through a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are unique to the role switch. The authors further show how the importance of the three key psychosocial self-determination needs varies through the switch process, thus providing a more nuanced understanding of users' drive for self-determination.Practical implicationsThis study offers several recommendations to help sharing economy platforms improve their processes and communication to encourage a greater number of consumers to switch roles and become providers. These recommendations address two aspects: (1) encouraging consumers to switch roles and become providers (i.e. acquisition) and following this (2) encouraging providers to continue to perform that role (i.e. retention).Originality/valueMuch research has investigated why users become consumers (e.g. Airbnb guests) or providers (e.g. Airbnb hosts) in the sharing economy. However, research to date has not fully embraced the two-sided nature of the sharing economy. Therefore, this is the first paper to explore why and how consumers switch roles and become providers in the sharing economy, and how this helps enrich self-determination theory.

How do IT affordances support behavioral intention in charitable crowdfunding? The mediating effects of donor perceptions and motivations

PurposeSocial media technology has changed donors' decision-making process in online philanthropy compared with traditional charity. How do IT affordances support donor perceptions and motivations in charitable crowdfunding? The purpose of this study is to explore how the five sub-dimensions of charitable crowdfunding IT affordances (i.e. visibility, association, meta-voicing, trading and security) afford initiators and platforms in motivating donors to support charitable crowdfunding projects.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a quantitative research approach. An online survey was conducted to collect research data from WeChat users who had experienced charitable crowdfunding. A sample of 344 valid responses were received and analyzed.FindingsThe results show that four of the five IT affordances facilitate donors' perceptions (perceived emotions and trust) and motivations (intrinsic motivations and extrinsic motivations), and thereby increase behavioral intention on supporting charitable crowdfunding projects.Originality/valueThis study advances the affordances and online charity literature by examining the antecedents and outcome of perceptions and motivations that determining behavioral intention in more detail. The authors’ findings not only benefit researchers in explaining how technology helps donors perceiving projects and motivating them to donate online, but also assists practitioners in developing better charitable crowdfunding management strategy.

Strengthening Adolescent’s Entrepreneurial Behavior through Social Support

The growing number of adolescents engaging in entrepreneurship indicates they are fond of what they do. Support from their families and friends serves as an important factor in such entrepreneurial behavior. This study aims to investigate the contribution of parental and peer social support in shaping intrinsic motivation in entrepreneurial adolescents. The respondents of this study included 64 adolescents of 18-21 years old who were entrepreneurial in the city of Bandung. The data were collected through a social support and intrinsic motivations scale which then analyzed using the multiple regression analysis techniques. The results indicate a positive relationship between parental and peer social support with the intrinsic motivations of entrepreneurial adolescents. The two variables together affect intrinsic motivation by 25.5%. Thus the social support received by entrepreneurial youth spurs intrinsic motivation that will give birth to entrepreneurial behavior. This research concludes that adolescents with social support possess such positive feelings as happiness, confidence, and personal autonomy that encourage the emergence of entrepreneurial behavior.

Turnover intentions, training and motivations among Australian union staff

Staff loss and demotivation can be costly for unions. In this article the authors investigate factors influencing expected voluntary turnover, that is Intention to Leave (ITL), of union employees by conducting an online survey of 160 staff in three Australian unions. Moderated multiple regression analyses revealed that perceived organisational support, shortcomings in training and unmet intrinsic needs predicted ITL, after controlling for burnout, labour market mobility and intrinsic motivations. Critically, the results suggest an interaction effect involving training in some circumstances. Training buffered the impact of low support on ITL, however the adverse effect on ITL of organisational failure to meet staff expectations regarding service to members remained, independent of training. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, including the separate significance of resources and purpose.

Fitnesser’s Intrinsic Motivations of Green Eating: An Integration of Theory of Planned Behavior and Hedonic-Motivation System Adoption Model

Global climate change arouses people’s attention to environmental protection and, therefore, changes consumption habits. Food overconsumption not only produces extra waste but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that motivate people to eat green, an eco-friendly way to consume food. To keep the body in good shape, the fitnessers concern more about diet than the general people. This study explored intrinsic motivations, such as social recognition, environmental ethics, curiosity, joy of purchase, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control as constructs that affect fitnesser’s green eating intention. All constructs except curiosity have significant impacts on behavior intention. The results demonstrate that social recognition and environmental ethics have significant effects on curiosity, joy of purchase, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control. The mediation effects between social recognition and behavior intention are not supported. The mediators between environmental ethics and behavior intention are joy of purchase, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control.

Exploring donor's intention in charitable crowdfunding: intrinsic and extrinsic motivations

PurposeThis study adopts self-determination theory and stimulus-organism-response framework to develop a model that explores the motivations of such donors by considering their self-determination needs and extrinsic and intrinsic motivations.Design/methodology/approachBased on online survey data collected from 436 crowdfunding donors in China, this study follows a structural equation modeling analysis to test hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that perceived ease of use, perceived self-efficacy and social connection have positive effects on the donation intentions of backers through a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic motivations.Originality/valueThe findings shed light on various extrinsic and intrinsic motivations advancing knowledge of individual fund motivation in donation-based crowdfunding and provide guidelines for the development of donation-based crowdfunding theory and practice.

Building Learning Agility Through Psychological Safety

“Building Learning Agility through Psychological Safety” examines psychological safety, a shared belief held by members of a team that it is safe for interpersonal risk-taking and its positive impact on learning agility. This chapter postulates that learning agility is enabled and accelerated by a culture of risk-taking, openness, and experimentation. The chapter also discusses the role of the leader in activating and accelerating team learning. Beyond the intrinsic motivations and learning skills an individual embodies, there is an important role a leader plays in creating the team environment and culture where employees feel empowered to learn by taking risks and trying new skills, practicing, failing fast, reflecting, and learning. By creating a psychologically safe environment, the leader creates the conditions necessary for building and nurturing learning agility.

The Employees’ State of Mind during COVID-19: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective

The unprecedented outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic had a devastating effect on the global economy. Many businesses experienced a significant decline in their business activities. As a result, their employees were concerned on their job security and long-term employment prospects. This research explores the service employees’ motivations in their workplace environment and sheds light on their perceptions about their employers’ corporate social responsibility (CSR). The methodology integrated key measures from the self-determination theory (SDT), CSR, job security and organizational performance. A structural equations modelling (SEM-PLS3) approach was used to analyze the proposed research model. The findings confirmed that the employees’ intrinsic motivations were significantly predicting their organizational performance. Their identified motivations, job security as well as their employers’ social responsibility were significant antecedents of their intrinsic motivations. Moreover, there were significant indirect effects that predicted the employees’ productivity in their workplace during COVID-19.