Intergenerational and Personal Connectedness: Held Together in Christian Faith

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Lina S. Ponder
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Family Connectedness ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Generations

Christianity is the predominant religious affiliation for Chinese Americans. The divide and loss of connectedness of cultural values between first and second generations has left both parties deeply grieved. Research has confirmed this intergenerational divide and the potential of Christian faith to help cohere the family unit. Notably, the influence of the new primary culture of Christianity may enable a way for the two generations to better understand one another. In addition to the church providing a new model for the strengthening of familial relationships, it is suggested that the enhanced ability for mentalization developed through one’s relationship with God and connecting self-states may also translate to the improvement of personal and family connectedness. This article presents a case of a second-generation Christian Chinese American woman who found links of connection with her first-generation immigrant parents and between the multiplicity of her identity through her Christian faith.

An Intergenerational Divide

2021 ◽  
pp. 256-276
Author(s):  
Lisa Lau
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Communist Revolution ◽  
The U.S

This chapter explores factors that influence the current divisiveness in sociopolitical discourse and rhetoric in the Chinese American community and, in particular, the family unit. The findings contribute to understanding the origins of ideological differences that reflect the polarization facing the U.S. at large. The author integrates her experience and knowledge of the community and draws on a range of literature on Chinese culture, sociolinguistics, and psychological theories to identify three themes that influence the world views and modes of communication of many first-generation Chinese Americans: an authoritarian orientation, a polarized psychology, and a national origin orientation. Utilizing an autobiographical research approach that combines phenomenology and autoethnography, the author captures the trauma of her parents growing up during the Chinese Communist Revolution to bring awareness to disruptive events that shape cognitive processes that underlie the three themes and contribute to the current discordance in intergenerational discourse.

The Li of Chinese American Familism

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-156
Author(s):  
Russell M. Jeung ◽  
Seanan S. Fong ◽  
Helen Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Cultural Scripts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tea Ceremony ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 6 identifies how Chinese Americans maintain the value of family through rituals, including rites of passage, ethnic routines, and table traditions. Rites of passage such as the wedding tea ceremony provide individuals with distinct responsibilities within the family. Ethnic routines, including family meals, transnational visits, and reunions, inculcate the norms of hospitality, reciprocity, and face/shame. They also teach the cultural scripts of familism through table traditions, such as pouring tea. Traditions and rituals change over time, however, and second-generation Chinese Americans pass on their liyi values and ethics differently than their immigrant parents did. The second generation lack a migration story of family sacrifice and have an attenuated knowledge of Chinese liyi traditions, and racialized multiculturalism further reduces ethnic traditions to what is marketable and consumable. Chinese Americans therefore hybridize and Americanize their ethnicity, which results in a new liyi Chinese American identity that consists of food and fun.

scholarly journals Cultural Values, Social Status, and Chinese American Immigrant Parents’ Emotional Expressivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-395
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Chen ◽  
Qing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Emotional Expressivity ◽  
The Family ◽  
American Immigrant ◽  
Education Levels

Cultural values and social status are two salient factors in the psychological experiences of immigrant families, and both have been associated with immigrant parents’ patterns of emotional expression in previous studies. The present study examined how endorsement of cultural values (collectivism and conformity) and social status were uniquely associated with immigrant parents’ emotional expressivity in the family. First-generation Chinese American immigrant parents ( N = 239, 80% mothers; M = 41.31 years old) of elementary-age children reported on their endorsement of values of collectivism and conformity, their patterns of emotional expressivity in the family context, and their family income and education levels. Path analyses indicated unique positive associations between family income and all domains of parents’ emotional expressivity and negative associations between family income and parents’ endorsement of collectivism and conformity. Parents’ endorsement of collectivism was negatively associated with negative-dominant expressivity. We discuss implications of our findings for theories of culture and emotion, as well as for future intersectional approaches with Asian American populations.

scholarly journals CHINESE AMERICANS’ ACCULTURATION IN GISH JEN’S TYPICAL AMERICAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melania Shinta Harendika
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Culture Shock ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
Chinese Values ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
Typical American

<p>Gish Jen’s <em>Typical American </em>is a portrayal of Chinese immigrants’ struggles in adapting the life in America (USA). The main characters started to live in the USA; they, however, were struggling in trying to maintain their Chinese values as well as embracing the new American culture. In the process of adjusting this new culture, they had to cope with things that were not always suitable for their prior culture as Chinese. It is found that there are two dominant types of acculturation process presented by the characters in this novel: (1) separation when Ralph’s family maintained their original culture through family reunification and Chinese women’s role perpetuation in the family; and (2) assimilation shown by the rejections to maintain their original culture since the main characters have been influenced by American doctrines. It reveals also that in Gish Jen’s <em>Typical American</em>, acculturation was one of the ways to cope with the culture shock that they experienced as the first generation of Chinese immigrants in the USA. This research reveals also that cultural values were something fluid, although there were differences between Chinese and American cultures that affect one's belief, they were able to adapt to the new culture with some adjustments. </p>

Parental breeding age effects on descendants’ longevity interact over two generations in matrilines and patrilines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zac Wylde ◽  
Foteini Spagopoulou ◽  
Amy K Hooper ◽  
Alexei A Maklakov ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Two Generations

Individuals within populations vary enormously in mortality risk and longevity, but the causes of this variation remain poorly understood. A potentially important and phylogenetically widespread source of such variation is maternal age at breeding, which typically has negative effects on offspring longevity. Here, we show that paternal age can affect offspring longevity as strongly as maternal age does, and that breeding age effects can interact over two generations in both matrilines and patrilines. We manipulated maternal and paternal ages at breeding over two generations in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. To determine whether breeding age effects can be modulated by the environment, we also manipulated larval diet and male competitive environment in the first generation. We found separate and interactive effects of parental and grandparental ages at breeding on descendants’ mortality rate and lifespan in both matrilines and patrilines. These breeding age effects were not modulated by grandparental larval diet quality or competitive environment. Our findings suggest that variation in maternal and paternal ages at breeding could contribute substantially to intra-population variation in mortality and longevity.

Informalitas Dalam Formalitas: Sebuah Kajian Budaya Organisasi Perusahaan Keluarga

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Hardiyanti Munsi ◽  
Ahmad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
The Family ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Big Men

This article intends to identify and to describe the unique structure and the managing style that owns primordial characteristics, that is giving significance to kinship, religion, and local Bugis cultural values, which made up the cultural system of PT. Hadji Kalla family business. Theoritically, this research was inspired from Weberian perspective on the ideal types of bureaucracy, that observes organizations (in this case is the family business) as one of the socio-cultural phenomena which is neutral and value-free, that is place aside its subjective aspects. The research was conducted in two locations, the head office and one of the branch offices using qualitative approach that relies on participant observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The results of the research shows that the family business of PT. Hadji Kalla that has advanced into national level still prioritizes kinship, ethnicity, and religious aspects in the daily activities of the company. The value even take parts in providing the company’s colour to the urban societies in various districts where the company stands. This means that although the society has undergone transformations, it doesn’t mean that the primordial value, and the elements that exist outside of businesses (such as kinship, big men, religion, cultural values, and interest) do not influence the activities that are held in formal organizations. Therefore, the interventions of subjective aspects will always appear, followed with the application of the modern management system that is implemented by PT. Hadji Kalla company.

scholarly journals Family Food Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Amber J. Hammons ◽  
Ryan Robart
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Family Connectedness ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Virtual Focus Groups ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Family Food Environment

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, with its cyclical lockdown restrictions and school closures, has influenced family life. The home, work, and school environments have collided and merged to form a new normal for many families. This merging extends into the family food environment, and little is known about how families are currently navigating this landscape. The objective of the present study was to describe families’ adaptations in the family food environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Parents participated in one of 14 virtual focus groups (conducted in English and Spanish between December 2020 and February 2021). Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Results: Forty-eight parents (81% Hispanic and SES diverse) participated. Five themes and one subtheme were identified around changes in eating habits and mealtime frequency, increases in snacking, family connectedness at mealtimes, and use of screens at meals. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the family food environment. Families shared how their eating habits have changed and that device usage increased at mealtimes. Some changes (e.g., weight gain) may have lasting health implications for both children and parents. Public health officials, pediatricians, and schools should work with families to resume healthy habits post pandemic.

Conservation or change? Exploring trends in Modern Hebrew in light of new spoken corpora of the first two generations of speakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (s41) ◽  
pp. 89-115
Author(s):  
Einat Gonen
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
The 1950S

Abstract This paper presents a diachronic study of Modern Hebrew agreement between numerals and their quantified nouns. This research is possible thanks to the discovery of two rare collections of recordings from the 1950s and 1960s, which document four generations of speakers and have become important sources of spoken Early Modern Hebrew. On the basis of these two corpora, I compare numeral agreement in the first two generations of speakers with present-day usage and analyze trends of change and conversation in Modern Hebrew. The study shows that the first generation of speakers (“Gen1”) largely acquired the gender distinction of cardinals. However, in contrast to other agreement issues that educated Gen1 speakers realized fully, numeral use showed variation and absence of agreement in a small set of cases. Moreover, some linguistic features of Gen1 Hebrew found in this study no longer characterize Present-Day Hebrew; among these features is prosodic conditioning, which led to a Gen1 tendency to use the feminine form of the numeral ‘four’ with masculine nouns more frequently than was the case with other numerals.

Familism and Ancestor Veneration: A Look at Chinese Funeral Rites

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Yeo Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
Ancestor Veneration ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

Ancestor veneration remains a major obstacle to conversion among the Chinese the world over. While the issue often comes to a head over funeral rites, ancestor veneration cannot be understood in isolation. Rather one must look at the broader issues of the cult of the family, a tenet propagated by Confucius, putting loyalty to the family above every other claim including that of the gods or the state. There was also the influence of Taoism which sees the universe as a living organism co-existing in interdependence. The family then is not just a sociological unit, but also a metaphysical unit with ancestral spirits helping to keep the fragile balance which their descendants have with the rest of the universe and with other spirits. Finally, we must not forget that death is a psychological trauma and that living relatives often need a rite of passage to remember and to grieve for the dead. Ancestor veneration then is not a simple act that can be abolished by deciding which rituals in a funeral are biblical and which are not. Rather it is part of a complex web that needs to be understood in its totality. This paper, written by a Chinese and first-generation Christian, attempts to do that.

Family succession, professionalization and internationalization: a study of Brazilian family businesses

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Dalmoro Costa ◽  
Aurora Carneiro Zen ◽  
Everson dos Santos Spindler
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Internationalization Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between family succession, professionalization and internationalization in family businesses within the Brazilian context.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a multiple-case study method with three Brazilian family businesses that have at least two generations of the owning family involved in the business and an international presence of at least three years. In-depth interviews and secondary data were undertaken with family and non-family members of each case.FindingsThe authors' results show that a family business can boost its internationalization by introducing both succession planning and professionalization on international activities. As family members tend to be more risk-averse and focused on keeping the family business within the family, professionalization is a way of improving the firm's ability to expand internationally. This process tends to lead to lower performance by the firm for the first few months or the first year after the investment, but afterward, international performance tends to grow exponentially.Originality/valueOnly a few studies have been concerned on the relationship of these three dimensions. Thus, the research takes into account that professionalization and succession lead family businesses to improve their internationalization strategies.

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