scholarly journals Impact of Tax Policy on the Business Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Miriam Buliková ◽  
Peter Bielik ◽  
Stefaniia Belinska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Indirect Taxes

Abstract Taxation and tax policy are relatively much-discussed topics within every society, and this has been so in the past, it is today, and it will be in the future. This is mainly due to the fact that no person or company is too fond of having to pay a certain part from their funds to the state in the form of taxes. Each state chooses its own tax policy and its own tax system so that the specified tax policy does not impede economy and economic development, but on the contrary, supports the business and economic growth. After the accession of the Slovak Republic to the European Union, Slovakia had to accept a certain state of tax regulations and rules that was valid in the European Union. This was mainly in order to use the common European market. The Slovak Republic has created its tax system in accordance with the rules of the European Union and has been trying to find a compromise between the amount of taxes necessary for the fulfilment of the state budget and the amount of taxes that would be most acceptable for the business sector and for people. Within the tax system, the Slovak Republic divides taxes into direct and indirect taxes, direct taxes imposed on labour, income and property, and taxes on consumption by indirect taxes. Recently, the prevailing opinion is that taxation should gradually shift from direct taxes to indirect taxes, to motivate people and businesses to achieve the best possible results, and subsequently raise the necessary funds based on the increased consumption. Recently, both in Slovakia and in the European Union, new excise taxes have been increasingly introduced. Traditional excise taxes such as taxes on mineral oils and fuels, tobacco and alcoholic beverages are complemented by energy, environmental, and electronic taxes. Slovakia and the European Union want to reduce the burden on the environment through these taxes on the one hand, and on the other hand, they must respond to the new challenges of globalization, information, and communication.

scholarly journals Development of the Tax System in the Slovak Republic after 1993 and Prospects for Tax Harmonization as A Member of the European Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Kristína Vrtíková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Harmonization ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government

The emergence of taxes and the tax system has historically been associated with the development of the state. The tax system of Slovak Republic passed in 1993 after several major reforms. Taxes are economic and financial instruments that the government affects not only the functioning of economic entities but also households and individuals. Taxes are categorized in several ways, most often regarding related taxes for the taxpayer, on direct and indirect taxes. Tax systems are made up of elements which include: tax quota, tax mix, tax structure and others. One of the most important macroeconomic indicators of the tax is tax quota. This indicator represents the share of taxes in GDP, and it is used in international comparison. An important and often discussed topic is tax harmonization in the European Union, which aims to bring member states together and create a strong, economically, politically and culturally unified group of countries. The aim of harmonization is to protect the common market, the removal of fiscal frontiers in the European Union, focusing mainly on direct and indirect taxes.

INFLUENCE OF THE TAX MECHANISM ON THE SOLUTION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IN KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Ж. Даниярова ◽  
С.Б. Глазунова ◽  
M. Daniyarova ◽  
S. Glazunova
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tax Holidays

В статье отмечается, что действующая налоговая политика как регулятор экономики, не выполняет в полной мере своей стимулирующей функции. В этой связи возникает настоятельная необходимость исследования и анализа действия механизма функционирования налоговых отношений с позиции социально-экономических проблем в сочетании с национальными особенностями Казахстана, накопленным отечественным опытом налоговой политики и сложившейся модели хозяйствования. Авторами статьи отмечается, что, будучи материальными носителями налоговых отношений, рассматриваемые финансовые ресурсы, представляют собой находящиеся в руках государства и имеющие форму фондов денежных средств целевого назначения. Их размер выступает важной характеристикой экономического и социального развития страны, а рациональное использование во многом определяет темпы общественного прогресса. Проведен анализ динамики ВВП и объема промышленности, доходов государственного бюджета Республики Казахстан за 2011-2020 годы, налоговых поступлений и размера недоимки по видам налогов за ряд лет. Выделено, что основными направлениями совершенствования налогового механизма и налоговой системы должны быть: предоставление налоговых каникул для малого бизнеса, рассрочка уплаты НДС, снижение налогообложения на дивиденды и прибыль при продаже ценных бумаг, увеличение предельного объема годового оборота для перехода на упрощенную схему взимания налогов и др. В статье предложены конкретные рекомендации по увеличению доходной части государственного бюджета, совершенствованию налоговой системы Казахстана. The article notes that the current tax policy as a regulator of the economy does not fully fulfill its stimulating function. In this regard, there is an urgent need to study and analyze the operation of the mechanism of the functioning of tax relations from the standpoint of socio-economic problems in combination with the national characteristics of Kazakhstan, the accumulated domestic experience of tax policy and the established economic model. The authors of the article note that, being the material carriers of tax relations, the considered financial resources are in the hands of the state and in the form of funds of targeted funds. Their size is an important characteristic of the country's economic and social development, and their rational use largely determines the rate of social progress. The analysis of the dynamics of GDP and the volume of industry, revenues of the state budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020, tax revenues and the amount of arrears by types of taxes for a number of years is carried out. It is highlighted that the main directions of improving the tax mechanism and tax system should be: providing tax holidays for small businesses, payment by installments of VAT, reducing taxation on dividends and profits when selling securities, increasing the maximum volume of annual turnover for the transition to a simplified tax collection scheme, etc. The article offers specific recommendations for increasing the revenue side of the state budget, improving the tax system in Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals A magyar gazdaságpolitika néhány jellemzője a konvergencia programok és a világgazdasági válság tükrében

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-167
Author(s):  
János Gősi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The State ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Member States ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Common ◽  
Convergence Programme

According to the Treaty of Maastricht only those member states can join the zone of the common money which meet the so-called requirements of Maastricht of which Hungary has not met even one since our joining the European Union. Besides, up to the autumn 2006 we got away from the time of its introduction planned by 2007. In 2002 fulfilment of requirements regarding inflation seemed to be the most difficult one. In addition it appeared rational to reduce deficiency in the state budget under 3% by 2004. It would have made possible for Hungary to meet the requirements even in the first, so in 2004, convergence programme and after a two year-long period, in 2007 - after the parliamentary election of 2006 - to introduce the euro together with Slovenia.

scholarly journals LEGAL POLICY OF ANTI-SOVIET A. V. KOLCHAK’S GOVERNMENT IN THE SPHERE OF TAXES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
A. V. Dulger
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the legislation of anti-Soviet state entities in the field of taxes, in particular, the government of A.V. Kolchak. Particular attention is paid to the subsequent implementation of regulatory acts in the field of tax regulation in Western Siberia. The features of the tax policy of the Kolchaks government in the conditions of revolution and civil war are described considering the previous events of the Soviet authorities. The restoration of the tax system is being investigated. The types of direct and indirect taxes, such as corporate income tax, commercial tax, excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco products, income tax, entertainment tax, are examined in detail. The impact of tax policy of A. V. Kolchak to other anti-Soviet governments that acted on the territory of Russia in 19171921, and to some extent to the tax policy of the Soviet government after the defeat of the white movement is estimated. The author assumes and argues the lack of effectiveness of the tax policy of the white A. V. Kolchaks government, which was one of the reasons for his defeat.

Dopady na státní rozpočet v souvislosti s aplikací finančních oprav u evropských dotací

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Andrea Vuongová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
Intended Purpose

As part of the protection of the European Union budget, European legislation sets out corrective mechanisms in cases where the funds provided have not been used in accordance with the intended purpose and rules. At the national level, there are a number of ways, as well as a number of obstacles, to returning funds to which a financial correction has been applied back to the state budget. The institute of budgetary discipline breach plays a key function for the return of unjustly used funds to the state budget. There is a difference between the funds that have not been reimbursed from the European Union due to the application of the correction and the funds recovered at the national level, this difference is a burden for the state budget. This paper will describe the circumstances of this difference, its causes and possible solutions.

scholarly journals Political Budget Cycles in the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-601
Author(s):  
Jiří Gregor
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Political Budget Cycles ◽  
The Government ◽  
Budget Cycles

This paper provides research on the theme of the political budget cycles. The goal is to find out whether or not the government tries to manipulate the state budget and its components for the purpose of re-election across the countries of the European Union. In order to verify this theory a dynamic panel data model was used. The results were significant, but only if predetermined elections were not counted into the estimations. In that case, the theory of the political budget cycles could be accepted as valid for the EU countries. The main driving force of the political budget cycles across the countries of the European Union is fluctuation of the government expenditures. During the election year, the government expenditures are higher, and a year after the election, government expenditures are lower. This is reflected into the state budget balance.

scholarly journals The Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages Can Be Reduced by Fiscal Means? Study on the Case of Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7553
Author(s):  
Ionel Bostan ◽  
Valentina Diana Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World Health ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Romanian Population

World Health Organization gives great importance to excessive alcohol consumption among the population and its negative effects. It proposes a set of measures to reduce alcohol consumption and its harmful effects. The objective of our study was to estimate the effects of excise tax on alcohol in Romania, from two perspectives. On the one hand, we analyze the effects of alcohol excise on the consumption of alcoholic beverages among the Romanian population. We also consider the relationship between alcohol consumption and the incidence of diseases and deaths caused by it. On the other hand, we analyze the effects of the excise tax on alcohol on the state budget, through the revenues from the sales of alcohol. For achieving the main purpose of the paper, we analyze secondary data using both graphical and statistical methods. The statistical methods imply testing correlation between variables and also a regression model. The obtained results highlight the fact that the excise taxes on alcohol have not a significant effect on alcohol consumption among the population. At the same time, we observed that the revenues from excise taxes in alcohol at the state budget had an increasing trend. These results highlight the fact that the increase of excise duties for alcoholic beverages, in Romania, does not reduce their consumption. So, in order to limit the effects of this harmful habit of a certain part of the Romanian population, the decision-makers must take additional measures, the fiscal ones being relatively inefficient.

scholarly journals Convergence of EU Member States in the Field of Excise Duties in the Period 2000–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415-1424
Author(s):  
Jarmila Rybová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Excise Taxes ◽  
Excise Duties ◽  
The Eu

This article aims to determine the convergence of the 27 EU Member States in the field of excise duties in the period 2000 – 2015. However, more recent complete data for all states are not available yet. The development trend towards convergence or divergence of monitored indicators is detected by indicators that represent excise taxes in the tax systems of the Member States of the European Union from the Eurostat database. Excise taxes are collected as whole. The article should answer two questions that are derived from generally preferred trends in the EU in a given period, ie. the trend growth of the tax burden to consumption and a trend approximation (harmonization) taxing consumption due to the functioning of internal market in the EU. The question is whether Member states and candidate countries are similar to each other in the field of excise duties and any similarity to the changes between the years 2000 and 2015. The second question is whether the differences are caused by tax policy states, ie. Changes in rates or absolute consumption. The indicators of individual member states are subjected to cluster analysis, and subsequently evaluated by means of selected factors that relate to tax policy and national economic aggregates, especially the consumption of taxed products. Results show growing differences (divergence) between most countries of the original EU‑15 group and the group of countries which joined the European Union in 2004 and 2007.

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