scholarly journals Quantitative Computed Tomography, modern data. Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
A. V. Petraikin ◽  
I. A. Skripnikova
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Work Flow ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
T Score ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Ray Density ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

In the review we discussed about the method of quantitative computed tomography (QCT, quantitative computed tomography). In QCT, X-ray density (HU) is converted to bone mineral density (BMD mg / ml) using linear relationships obtained by scanning calibration standards (phantoms). When compared with the normative age data, it is possible to diagnose osteoporosis (OP). The review presents various QCT techniques and their diagnostic capabilities in accordance with the positions of ISCD 2019 - (International Society for Clinical Densitometry). The results of comparison of QCT and conventional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are  considered.  It is noted that in the study of the proximal femur (PF), the results of the methods are well comparable, according to the results of both methods, it is possible to diagnose OP by the T-score. However, when examining the spine QCT, the volume BMD of the trabecular bone of the vertebral bodies is assessed, and with DXA, the projection BMD is assessed. The approaches to the interpretation of the results are also different - diagnosis of OP in DXA of the spine based on the T-score, but in QCT, the ACR (American College of Radiology) criteria are used.We describe the phantoms used in QCT, as well as provide data on radiation exposure during QCT and DXA.The article describes an approach to opportunistic screening of osteoporosis by the QCT based on the results of previously performed CT scans, including its automated work-flow using artificial intelligence technologies. These promising techniques are attractive due to the large number of CT examinations performed and the exclusion of additional examinations.

Bone Evaluation by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Patients With Adrenal Incidentaloma

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. e2726-e2737
Author(s):  
Aline Barbosa Moraes ◽  
Marcela Pessoa de Paula ◽  
Francisco de Paula Paranhos-Neto ◽  
Emanuela Mello Ribeiro Cavalari ◽  
Felipe Fernandes Cordeiro de Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Context Data regarding high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in patients with adrenal incidentaloma (AI) are unknown. Purpose To evaluate the areal bone mineral density (aBMD), microstructure, and fractures in patients with nonfunctioning AI (NFAI) and autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS). Methods We evaluated 45 patients with NFAI (1 mg dexamethasone suppression test [DST] ≤1.8 µg/dL) and 30 patients with ACS (1 mg DST 1.9-5.0 µg/dL). aBMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; vertebral fracture by spine X-ray; and bone geometry, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and microstructure by HR-pQCT. Results Patients with ACS showed lower aBMD values at the spine, femoral neck, and radius 33% than those with NFAI. Osteoporosis was frequent in both groups: NFAI (64.9%) and ACS (75%). Parameters at the distal radius by HR-pQCT were decreased in patients with ACS compared to those with NFAI: trabecular vBMD (Tb.vBMD, P = 0.03), inner zone of the trabecular region (Inn.Tb.vBMD, P = 0.01), the bone volume/tissue volume ratio (BV/TV, P = 0.03) and trabecular thickness (P = 0.04). As consequence, a higher ratio of the outer zone of the trabecular region/inner zone vBMD (Meta/Inn.vBMD, P = 0.003) was observed. A correlation between the cortisol levels after 1 mg DST and Meta/Inn.vBMD ratio was found (r = 0.29; P = 0.01). The fracture frequency was 73.7% in patients with ACS vs 55.6% in patients with NFAI (P = 0.24). Conclusion Our findings point to an association between trabecular bone microarchitectural derangement at the distal radius and ACS. Our data suggest that AI have a negative impact on bone when assessed by HR-pQCT, probably associated to subclinical hypercortisolism.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Diagnostic of Uncommon Case of Osteopetrosis in 80-Year-Old Man—Case Report

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Witold Krupski ◽  
Joanna Kruk-Bachonko ◽  
Marcin R. Tatara
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Uncommon Case ◽  
Densitometric Data

Background and Objectives: During osteopetrosis course, impaired bone remodeling induces skeletal osteosclerosis and abnormally dense bones, which, however, are brittle and susceptible to low-energy fractures. In this study, radiological evaluation and densitometric measurements of several bones of the skeleton in one of the oldest patients in the world suffering from osteopetrosis was presented. Materials and Methods: Volumetric bone mineral density measurements of the examined bones in an 80-year-old man were performed using two different quantitative computed tomography techniques. Results: The obtained results show higher values of the volumetric bone mineral density of the trabecular bone in lumbar spine than in the cortical bone compartment. T-score and Z-score in this patient reached values of 27–28 and 31–32, respectively. Conclusions: The obtained densitometric data may serve for further diagnostic purposes of osteopetrosis. As documented, the severity of the osteosclerotic changes of bones were higher in this patient than in most other described cases. Moreover, radiological signs diagnosed in this patient were characteristic for all types of osteopetrosis making this case very uncommon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document