singh index
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2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Zhou ◽  
Zhibin Zhou

Purpose International trade flows of cultural goods have grown noticeably in the past few decades and the development of cultural products trade has been an important issue in the international business field. Therefore, this study aims to explore how per capita gross domestic product, distance, culture, Internet penetration and other factors affect the trade of cultural products. Design/methodology/approach The paper focuses on the international trade in cultural goods of China, Japan and Korea with other countries. To analyze the essential reason, the study has applied the classical gravity model along with variables, which mainly represent global connectedness to investigate which variables have the most impact on trade in cultural products. Findings The result shows that in terms of China, cultural similarity boosts the volume of trade volume with other countries, however, for South Korea and Japan, cultural similarity does not have a significant impact. On top of cultural similarity, individual cultural value dimension differences between countries show mixed results for each country and their directions of trade. Global connectedness, on the other hand, is not congruent with the general expectations of previous studies. Research limitations implications Due to the limited time for data collection, the research was done with a relatively small country list with a limited number of cultural good items. Second, the Kogut and Singh index is one of the most popular measures based on cultural dimension deviation. It is based on the Euclidean calculation method used by most scholars but some scholars believe that the Euclidean method has some shortcomings. Third, the authors do not actively promote robust testing after regression analysis this work would be carried out in the future. Finally, using the four basic cultural dimensions proposed by Hofstede in 1980 may be another limitation. Practical implications First, the authors should further promote the establishment of the China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area. The three countries should formulate special policies to favor the trade of cultural products and support the development of the cultural industry. Additionally, the three sides should also set up a joint research center to explore the issue of improving the international competitiveness of cultural products trade and find common solutions. And the three countries should further open their doors within the reasonable range, relax the restrictions on tourism and trade visas. Originality/value The analysis provides some different results as the previous papers. Distance variables show positive effect on trade which defines that long distance between countries do no matter on trade in cultural goods. Moreover, the variables of tourism receipt shows that global connectedness positively effects on trade. The cultural variables of the KS composite index show opposite result with the conventional logic which advocates that cultural dissimilarity enhances trade in cultural goods.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Hang Su ◽  
Yao Fu

Cultural distance is always regarded as a “risk” in the decision making of enterprises involved in the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), however, investment is a powerful driver of productivity growth and increased innovation capacity of enterprises in both countries. Is cultural distance a “risk” ? Using Hofstede's indicators and the Kogut and Singh index (1988), this paper calculates the cultural distance based on six cultural dimensions and further examines the effect of cultural distance on the outward foreign direct investment by Chinese enterprises and its mediating effects on the role of other factors influencing the decisions of multinationals. The results indicate that there is a nonlinear effect of cultural distance and the mediating effect of cultural distance is negative.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuangzhuang Jin ◽  
Shuoyan Xu ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Yingliang Wei ◽  
Yicheng Tian ◽  
...  

Abstract Background The treatment for intertrochanteric femoral fractures (IFF) among the elderly has been a controversial topic. Hemiarthroplasty (HA) and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) have their own advantages in the management of IFF. Hence, this study aims to compare and analyze differences in the effectiveness of both procedures on IFF among the elderly. Methods Overall, 99 patients (81.09 ± 8.29 years; 68 women) underwent HA or PFNA from January 2016 to May 2020. IFF were classified according to the Arbeitsgemeins für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification. The difference in underlying diseases, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, Singh index, Harris scores, surgical time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative blood test results, postoperative number of days to partially bearing weight, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Postoperative follow-ups were performed every 3 months. Results There was no significant difference in the AO classification, underlying diseases, ASA grade, Singh index, surgical time, and survival outcomes of the HA (45 patients) group and PFNA group (54 patients). The HA group was associated with earlier partial weight-bearing (HA: 4 [2 ~ 4.5] days, PFNA: 10 [8~14] days). It also had a higher total Harris score than the PFNA group at the 6-month follow-up visit (HA: 86.8 [81.90 ~ 90.23], PFNA: 83.48 [75.13 ~ 88.23]). Harris scores decreased more in patients aged ≥90 years in the PFNA group than in the HA group. The postoperative stress recovery rate in the HA group was faster based on postoperative blood test results. Conclusions PFNA and HA have good therapeutic effects in the treatment of IFF. The advantages of HA were reflected in short-term weight bearing, faster recovery from stress, and better joint function in the long term. This advantage is more obvious in the patient population aged over 90 years. Therefore, we suggest that surgeons should consider the benefit of HA in the treatment of IFF among the elderly. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000035814. Registered 17 August 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=57083


2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-981

Objective: To investigate which of the prognostic factors affects the post-surgical first hip fracture patients and continues to affect the development of the refractures later. Materials and Methods: The present study was the retrospective case-control. The data were collected from 232 of the first hip fracture patients aged 50 years or more that included 75 males and 157 females. The comparison was observation of the patients from 58 refracture patients (group 1) to 174 first hip fracture patients (group 2). Most of them were admitted and evaluated at Chiang Rai Prachanukroh Hospital between October 1, 2013 and September 30, 2020. Results: The findings of the present study indicated that the prior fracture history patients (adjusted OR 19.836; 95% CI 1.674 to 235.015, p=0.018) with lower Singh index grades 3 or less (adjusted OR 8.082; 95% CI 2.535 to 25.466, p≤0.001) and eye disease (adjusted OR 11.361; 95% CI 0.971 to 11.708, p=0.055) were the prognostic factors of refractures. Conclusion: In the prior fracture history, a lower Singh index (grade 3 or lower) and eye disease were the prognostic factors of refractures in the post-surgical hip fracture patients. Early detection of these factors can help to identify the high risk of the refracture group and improve the efficiency and targeting the prevention of refractures. Keywords: Prognostic factors; Refractures; Post-surgical first hip fracture


Author(s):  
Dwijo Purboyo ◽  
K. G. Mulyadi Ridia ◽  
I. G. N. Wien Aryana ◽  
Putu Astawa ◽  
I. Wayan Suryanto Dusak ◽  
...  

Background: Femoral neck fracture is one of the most common fractures in elderly. Proximal femur fracture in elderly patients is considered a severe morbidity which has a negative impact on the life expectancy and quality of life. Aim of this study was to find the correlation of cortical thickness index (CTI) and SI toward bone density (BMD) in female patients over 60 years of age with femoral neck fracture.Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study. Subjects were selected from Sanglah general hospital outpatient department, Denpasar, Bali during the period October 2020 to January 2021 by inclusion requirements and then randomized into two groups. Data were taken through history taking, physical examination as well as supporting investigations such as contralateral hip joint radiograph and BMD measurements. Statistical analysis was done from those data.Results: It has been obtained that there was a positive correlation of Singh index (SI) and CTI toward BMD. The correlation coefficient (r) between SI and BMD was 0.874 (p=0.000). The r between CTI and BMD was 0.854 (p=0.000). Both variables were significant.Conclusions: There were significantly strong correlations between SI and BMD (r=0.874, p=0.00), also CTI and BMD (r=0.854, p=0.00) in female patients over 60 years of age with femoral neck fracture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Mohammad Naseed ◽  
FurqanRasul Mir ◽  
Imran Nazir
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  

2020 ◽  
pp. 112070002096352
Author(s):  
Osman Çiloğlu ◽  
Evren Karaali ◽  
Aslıhan Kuşvuran Özkan ◽  
Timur Ekiz

Background: The treatment of Intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly osteoporotic patient is still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of proximal femoral nailing (PFN) and a distally-fixed non-modular monoblock fluted long-stem hemiarthroplasty (HA) in elderly patients with an osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who had undergone surgery for an unstable intertrochanteric fracture. The patients were separated into PFN and HA groups. The demographic features of the 2 groups were compared. All patients were evaluated using the Singh index, ASA score, AO/OTA classification, Harris Hip Score (HHS), and Parker and Palmer mobility score. Results: The most common complications were nonunion (12.0%) and cut-out of the screw (10.7%) in the PFN group, and dislocation of the prosthesis (6.7%) and wound infection (5.7%) in the HA group. Overall, the 2-year mortality rate was 29.3%. Mortality, particularly within the first 3 months, was 2.4 times higher in the PFN Group than in the HA group (40% vs. 19.75%). Although the HHS was significantly higher in the first year for the HA group, no significant difference was seen between the 2 groups at 24 months. Conclusions: Although PFN and HA have similar good outcomes at 2 years, HA allows earlier mobilisation and has fewer complications and a lower mortality rate.


2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palitha Konara ◽  
Alexander Mohr
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Ovidiu Alexa ◽  
Bogdan Puha ◽  
Ioana Dana Alexa ◽  
Teodor Stefan Gheorghevici ◽  
Alexandru Filip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

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