Nonionic Low-Osmolar Monomeric Iodinated Contrast Material: Some Aspects of use for Computed Tomography in Children

2017 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
I. A. Kondrashov ◽  
V. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Minimum Risk ◽  
Electrical Neutrality ◽  
Iodinated Contrast

Iodine containing contrast media are used much frequently now-a-days for computed tomography examinations in children. The group of non-ionic monomers occupies a special place among modern contrast agents. Low osmolarity and viscosity, electrical neutrality and the highest iodine content of these contrast materials provide the best diagnostic efficacy with minimum risk of adverse reactions. However, characteristic anatomic and physiological aspects of a growing child’s body require additional attention and care during diagnostic procedures with use of such contrast agents. This article presents concise literature review of recent years highlighting practical aspects of nonionic lowosmolar iodinated contrast material use for computed tomography assisted diagnostic examinations in child population.

Adverse Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Agents

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOKESH C. ARORA ◽  
SACHIKO T. COCHRAN
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Agents

Bowel Preparation Suitable for Same-day Computed Tomography Colonography and Colonoscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Eddy ◽  
Giles Stevenson ◽  
John Mathieson ◽  
Carola Behrens ◽  
Richard Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Ct Colonography ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Oral Contrast ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Fecal Tagging ◽  
Computed Tomography Colonography

Purpose This study was designed to evaluate whether a bowel preparation used for computed tomography (CT) colonography could also be suitable for same-day colonoscopy regardless of which test was done first. Method Six different endoscopists working at 3 separate hospitals evaluated 75 patients who underwent colonoscopy after receiving a bowel preparation that contained contrast material used to tag fecal and fluid material to facilitate CT colonography. This bowel preparation has been used in more than 1500 CT colonography studies. Evaluation included assessment of whether the colon was clean and dry, and whether the contrast material caused any impairment of visualization or clogging of the endoscopes. Some of the patients had first undergone CT colonography followed by same-day colonoscopy, whereas other patients had colonoscopy as their initial test. Results Although the contrast material was sometimes perceptible, the volumes were very small, and caused no impairment of mucosal visualization and no clogging of the endoscopes. The bowel preparation was well tolerated. Same-day CT colonography and colonoscopy with fecal tagging was technically possible. Conclusion A simple, fairly low cost 1-day bowel preparation with fluid and fecal tagging is suitable for CT colonography and colonoscopy done the same day in either order. However, the preferences of individual endoscopists and difficulties with making oral contrast agents readily available are challenges to widespread adoption of a common bowel preparation regimen.

Value of multidetector computed tomography in assessing blunt multitrauma patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ahvenjärvi ◽  
L. Mattila ◽  
R. Ojala ◽  
O. Tervonen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Negative Findings

Purpose: To find out if multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), using a dedicated trauma protocol, provides sufficient diagnostic information of the injuries of blunt multitrauma patients to enable the planning of treatment for all body compartments. Material and Methods: One‐hundred‐and‐thirty‐three patients exposed to high‐energy trauma were referred and scanned with the standardized MDCT multitrauma protocol. The imaging protocol consisted of axial scanning of the head and helical scanning of the facial bones, cervical spine, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. The scanning times were 12 s for the head, 19–21 s for the facial bones and cervical spine (1 mm collimation), and 32–50 s for the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis (2 mm collimation). One‐hundred‐and‐forty milliliters of non‐iodinated contrast material (300 mg I/ml) was administered intravenously at 3 ml/s. Results: Ninety‐nine of the patients (74%) had at least one finding consistent with trauma. The most frequent findings were in the thorax in 58 patients (44%). Nineteen false‐negative findings and two false‐positive findings were made. The overall sensitivity of MDCT was 94%, specificity 100%, and accuracy 97%. Conclusion: MDCT is accurate in the assessment of blunt multitrauma patients. The decision to treat the patient can be made on the basis of MDCT with a reasonable level of certainty.

scholarly journals Iodinated contrast media

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Sami S. Alshowiman ◽  
Abdullah H Sahrah ◽  
Ayman K. Alswailem ◽  
Saud F. Alotaibi ◽  
Abdulaziz A. ALtowaijiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Radiographic Image ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Life Threatening

Contrast media are the materials utilized in radiology to improve the visualization of certain body structures subjected to analysis in a medical image. Contrast media are, then, diagnostic drugs because they increase the visibility of organs and tissues and allow the identification of details that otherwise could not be observed. With the introduction of multidetector computed tomography the number of patients undergoing contrast studies has grown exponentially in recent years. In computed tomography the formation of the radiographic image is obtained with the use of contrast media containing iodine atoms, exploiting the different attenuation that the X-ray beam presents in crossing the anatomical districts. The Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) are a category of numerous substances formed by even complex molecules that vary considerably in their properties, uses and toxic effects. Even though iodinated contrast agents have a good safety profile, it is necessary to understand that some patients can have severe, life-threatening allergic reactions because of the side effects of the chemicals. This paper describes the clinical pharmacology, use and adverse reactions of intravenous iodinated contrast media used in computerized tomography, offering all doctors, even non-radiologists, the opportunity for rapid updating.

The presence of iodinated contrast agents amplifies DNA radiation damage in computed tomography

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Pathe ◽  
Katharina Eble ◽  
Daniel Schmitz-Beuting ◽  
Boris Keil ◽  
Bjoern Kaestner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Agents

scholarly journals Investigation of imaging properties of novel contrast agents based on gold, silver and bismuth nanoparticles in spectral computed tomography using Monte Carlo simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Maryam Sadeghian ◽  
Parisa Akhlaghi ◽  
Asghar Mesbahi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Ct Number ◽  
Bismuth Nanoparticles ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Spectral Computed Tomography ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Agent ◽  
Imaging Properties

AbstractIn the present paper, some imaging properties of nanoparticles-based contrast agents including gold, bismuth, and silver were assessed and compared with conventional (iodinated) contrast agent in spectral computed tomography (CT). A spectral CT scanner with photon-counting detectors (PCD) and 6 energy bins was simulated using the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method. The nanoparticles were designed with a diameter of 50 nm at concentrations of 2, 4, and 8 mg/ml. Water-filled cylindrical phantom was modeled with a diameter of 10 cm containing a hole with a diameter of 5 cm in its center, where was filled with contrast agents. The MC results were used to reconstruct images. Image reconstruction was accomplished with the filtered back-projection (FBP) method with hamming filter and linear interpolation method. CT number and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of all studied contrast materials were calculated in spectral images. The simulations indicated that nanoparticle-based contrast agents have a higher CT number and CNR than the iodinated contrast agent at the same concentration and for all energy bins. In general, gold nanoparticles produced the highest CT number and CNR compared to silver and bismuth nanoparticles at the same concentration. However, at low energies (below 80 keV), silver nanoparticles performed similarly to gold nanoparticles and at high energies (120 keV), bismuth nanoparticles can be a good substitute for gold nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Effect of iodinated contrast media on thyroid: a brief review

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Şerife Mehlika Kuşkonmaz ◽  
Sema Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Excess Iodide ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Agents

In parallel to the increased use of computed tomography, iodinated contrast agents are increasingly becoming a source of excess iodide. Iodinated contrast agents may induce thyroid dysfunction in exposed patients, especially in the presence of an underlying thyroid disease. Thus, an ordinary dose of the contrast used for the imaging, can induce hyper or hypothyroidism in a patient with subtle thyroid disease. This review will briefly discuss the physiology of iodine and the clinical evaluation of iodine induced thyroid dysfunction.

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