scholarly journals The possibility of assessing the viability of the intestinal wall of rabbits in experimental mesenterial thrombosis with the help of the device «Minimax-Doppler-K»

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Y. S. Andozhskaya ◽  
D. N. Suslov ◽  
A. S. Novikova ◽  
N. A. Petrov ◽  
V. B. Karpovich
Keyword(s):  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Experimental Thrombosis ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Different Levels

Experimental thrombosis of mesenteric vessels was caused by the upper mesenteric artery compression by 30 minutes at different levels in 7 rabbits. With the help of microcirculation prarameters registered by the device «Minimax-Doppler-K» and ad oculus evaluation the zones of intestinal wall ischemia caused by thrombosis were determined. It is revealed that the ad oculus ischemia zones are significantly less common in area than the ischemia zones registered with the help of the device. Subsequent studies can reduce the % of insolvency of the seams after operations.

scholarly journals Ischemia-reperfusion histopathology alterations of the rabbit intestinal wall with and without exclusion of the collateral mesenteric circulation supply

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otoni Moreira Gomes ◽  
Geraldo Brasileiro Filho ◽  
Luiz Alberto Bomjardim Porto ◽  
Pedro Henrique de Lima Prata ◽  
Rafael de Mattos Paixão
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To evaluate the histopathology alterations of the intestinal mucosa of rabbits submitted to different times of mesenteric artery ischemia and reperfusion with and without celiac artery collateral circulation supply. METHODS: Two groups of eight male New Zealand white rabbits (weight 2.2-3.5 kg) were used in this study. In the Group 1 animals, the proximal mesenteric artery was occluded for 60 min with an atraumatic vascular clamp, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. In the Group 2 animals the small bowel and mesentery were cut 30cm and 60cm far from the gastroduodenal pyloric transition before the proximal mesenteric artery occlusion. Small bowel biopsies were obtained before ischemia (control), after 30 min and 60 min of mesenteric ischemia and at 30 and 60 min. of mesenteric artery reperfusion. RESULTS: In the Group I animals, the followings histopathology grade results were observed: t1, mean 0.4 + 0.29; t2, mean 1.9 ± 0.38; t3, 1.9 ± 0.33; t4, 1.2 ± 0.36 and t5, 1.2 ± 0.32. Differences between t0 and t2 and between t3 and t4 were statistically significant (p<0.05). Differences between t2 and t3 and t4 and t5 were not significant (p>0.5). In the Group II animals, it was observed: t1, mean 1.6 ± 0.33; t2, 2.4 ± 0.36; t3, 3.0 ± 0.35; t4 3.4 ± 0.31; t5, 3 ± 031. Differences between t0 and t1, t1 and t2, and t2 and t3 were significant (p<0.05). Differences between histopathology grades results of samples t1 to t5 in Group 1 and 2 were statistically significant (p<0.5). CONCLUSION: Microscopic examination of the biopsies revealed significant evidence of worse small bowel wall ischemia-reperfusion lesions by exclusion of the celiac artery collateral circulation supply.

Abstract 244: Increased Expression and Enhanced Vasorelaxation Activity of Specific Estrogen Receptor Subtypes in the Aorta and Mesenteric Vessels during Pregnancy

Hypertension ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina M Mata ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Ossama M Reslan ◽  
Waleed T Siddiqui ◽  
Lauren A Opsasnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Expression Activity ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Pregnancy (Preg) is associated with hormonal and vascular changes, and estrogen (E2) may promote systemic vasodilation during Preg; however, the specific E2 receptor (ER), post-ER signaling mechanisms and vascular bed involved are unclear. To test if Preg is associated with distinct expression/activity of ERs in different blood vessels, BP and plasma E2 were measured in virgin and day-19 Preg rats, and the aorta, carotid, mesenteric and renal artery were isolated for measurement of ERα, ERβ and GPR30 expression, and the responses to E2 and specific ER agonists PPT (ERα), DPN (ERβ) and G1 (GPR30). BP was in Preg (89±6) < virgin (98±4mmHg), and plasma E2 was in Preg (120.5±5.8) > virgin (94.3±7.5pg/ml). Western blots revealed increased ERα and ERβ in aorta and mesenteric artery and GPR30 in aorta of Preg vs virgin. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the increases in ERs were mainly in intima and media. E2 and PPT caused greater relaxation of aorta of Preg (52.8±5.5, 49.3±11.4) than virgin (30.0±3.9, 19.3±3.8%) and of mesenteric artery of Preg (77.9±4.7, 75.4±4.5) than virgin (57.4±5.9, 46.5±9.5%), but similar relaxation in carotid and renal artery of Preg vs virgin. DPN and G1 caused greater relaxation in mesenteric and renal artery (15 to 30%) than aorta and carotid artery (<10%), but only aortic relaxation to G1 was in Preg (26.2±4.4) > virgin (5.3±6.7%). The NOS inhibitor L-NAME ± EDHF blocker tetraethylammonium or endothelium removal reduced PPT relaxation in aorta, suggesting an endothelium-dependent mechanism, but did not affect E2, PPT, DPN or G1-induced relaxation in other vessels, suggesting endothelium-independent mechanisms. PPT caused relaxation of Ca 2+ entry-dependent KCl contraction of mesenteric artery that was in Preg (69.7±5.5) > virgin rats (52.9±8.11%). Thus, during pregnancy, an increased ERα expression in endothelial and smooth muscle layers of aorta and mesenteric artery is associated with increased ERα-mediated relaxation via endothelium-derived vasodilators and direct inhibition of Ca 2+ entry pathways, supporting a role of aortic and mesenteric arterial ERα in pregnancy-associated systemic vasodilation. GPR30 may contribute to aortic dilation while the enhanced ERβ may mediate other genomic vascular effects during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Sampling the Rat Mesenteric Artery

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1166-1169
Author(s):  
Marcia E. Pereira Bacares
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Rat Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Processing Techniques

Vascular injury can be induced by different classes of drug candidates, and it can affect the mesenteric vasculature. Sampling of the mesenteric vessels in the rat is crucial for proper assessment of potential adverse or pharmacologic effects of drugs in nonclinical rodent studies. To date, several sampling and processing techniques for the histopathologic evaluation of the mesenteric artery in rodents have been described and used in studies with candidate drugs that may affect the vascular system. However, most of those techniques require a significant amount of time and effort. A less labor-intensive, time-consuming, and expensive technique that allows examination of the mesentery vasculature with abundant longitudinal and cross sections of the vessels when examined microscopically was developed and presented here.

scholarly journals Portal hypertension caused by postoperative superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-626
Author(s):  
Dusan Popovic ◽  
Milan Spuran ◽  
Lazar Davidovic ◽  
Tamara Alempijevic ◽  
Milenko Ugljesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Cystic Dilatation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Hypertension Development

Introduction. Arteriovenous fistula of the superior mesenteric blood vessels is a rare complicaton in abdominal surgery. Case report. We presented a 49-year-old man with cramplike abdominal pain, abdominal distension and weight loss symptoms, with a history of previous small bowel resection and right colectomy, due to Crohn disease, 16 years ago. Clinical examination revealed a paraumbilical pulsation with systolic murmur and thrill. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed cystic dilatation of the superior mesenteric vein, hepatomegaly and ascites. Upper endoscopy revealed grade I esophageal varices with portal hypertensive gastropathy. The diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula between superior mesenteric artery and vein was confirmed by angiogram of the superior mesenteric vessels and resection of the fistula was performed. Control examination after nine months showed no signs of portal hypertension. Conclusion. Early diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric blood vessel arteriovenous fistula prevents portal hypertension development and its complications.

Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein Injuries: Operative Strategies and Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 153857442110424
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Melmer ◽  
Brant Clatterbuck ◽  
Virginia Parker ◽  
Christine A. Castater ◽  
Nathan J. Klingensmith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Operative Strategies ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Traumatic injuries to the mesenteric vessels are rare and often lethal. Visceral vessels, such as the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and vein (SMV), supply blood to the small and large bowel by a rich system of collaterals. Because fewer than 100 such injuries have been described in the literature, they pose challenges in both diagnosis and management and can unfortunately result in high mortality rates. Prompt diagnosis, surgical intervention, and resuscitation can lead to improved outcomes. Here, we review the literature surrounding traumatic injuries of the SMA/SMV and discuss management strategies.

Changes in intestinal vascular diameter during norepinephrine vasoconstrictor escape

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (6) ◽  
pp. 1466-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
PH Guth ◽  
G Ross ◽  
E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
In Vivo Microscopy ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Arterial Constriction ◽  
Electro Magnetic

The hypothesis that escape from norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in the intestine is due to relaxation of initially constricted vessels was tested in 18 anesthetized cats. Intestinal blood flow was measured by an electro magnetic probe on the superior mesenteric artery. Intestinal submucosal and muscle arterioles and small mesenteric arteries were studied by in vivo microscopy with an image-splitting technic. Continuous recordings of mesenteric flow and vessel diameter were made during the infusion into the superior mesenteric artery of norepinephrine (NE) at a rate of 1-2 mug/min for 3 min. Mesenteric flow decreased soon after the NE infusion began but then escaped. Microscopically, arterial constriction and escape were noted in submucosal, muscle, and mesenteric vessels with a time course similar to that for flow. Arteriovenous anastomoses were not seen. These findings support the hypothesis that escape from Ne-induced vasoconstriction is due to relaxation of initially constricted vessels.

scholarly journals Pathomorphological manifestations of ischemic involvement of the small intestine in acute occlusion of the mesenteric artery

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Maksim Georgievich Ryabkov ◽  
Michael Sergeevich Baleev ◽  
Eugeniy Lvivna Bederina ◽  
Ivan Nikolayevich Romanov ◽  
Alexander Vladimirovich Shakhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Ischemia ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Ischemic Bowel ◽  
Acute Occlusion ◽  
Ischemic Bowel Disease ◽  
Ischemic Intestine

Relevance. Lethality rates (63-95%) among patients with acute intestinal ischemia remain consistently high during the last decades. Despite the high urgency of the problem and numerous works devoted to visualization, early laboratory and instrumental diagnostics of ischemic bowel disease, clinical results have not changed significantly during the last 15-20 years. Pathogenetic mechanisms of various variants of ischemic intestinal lesion and their pathomorphological manifestations should become the basis for the development of surgical tactics and require specification. The aim is to study pathomorphological manifestations and to clarify on their basis the pathogenetic mechanisms of ischemic involvement of the small intestine in acute occlusion of the mesenteric artery in the experiment. Materials and methods. An experimental study was performed on 10 laboratory animals - male rats of the Wistar line. Modeling acute mesenteric ischemia was carried out via dressing of the jejunal artery. The ischemic intestine was collected for a stepwise histological study, the morphometry of the layers of the intestinal wall and the prevalence of necrosis. Results. At the time of the appearance of macroscopic signs of lack of vitality in the central sector of the ischemic intestine, the wall thickness was 47.6% less than normal and in the adjacent peripheral sectors by 40.6%. Thinning of the intestinal wall was due to alteration of the mucosa with a decrease in its share in the total wall thickness from 86 to 82% (p = 0.021) in all sectors. The share of area occupied by necrosis in groups "B" and "C" was not statistically significant (p = 0.872) and amounted to 17.1 [7.3; 64.9]%. The state of the intramural vessels of the intestinal wall had significantly changed in comparison with the intact intestine. Signs of hypoperfusion in the form of sludge in the microvessels of the mucous membrane and the submucosa had been revealed. Conclusions. Pathomorphological manifestations of ischemic bowel disease in acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia resulted in a decrease in the total thickness of the wall and a change in the ratio of serous-muscular and mucosal-submucosal layers due to a decrease in the proportion of the latter. The severity of necrosis in the central and peripheral parts of the ischemic intestine did not differ.

Redistribution of Microcirculatory Blood Flow within the Intestinal Wall during Sepsis and General Anesthesia

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzius B. Hiltebrand ◽  
Vladimir Krejci ◽  
Marcus E. tenHoevel ◽  
Andrej Banic ◽  
Gisli H. Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Microcirculatory Blood Flow ◽  
Artery Flow

Background Hypoperfusion of the intestinal mucosa remains an important clinical problem during sepsis. Impairment of the autoregulation of microcirculatory blood flow in the intestinal tract has been suggested to play an important role in the development of multiple organ failure during sepsis and surgery. The authors studied microcirculatory blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract in anesthetized subjects during early septic shock. Methods Eighteen pigs were intravenously anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Regional blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery was measured with ultrasound transit time flowmetry. Microcirculatory blood flow was continuously measured with a six-channel laser Doppler flowmetry system in the mucosa and the muscularis of the stomach, jejunum, and colon. Eleven pigs were assigned to the sepsis group, while seven animal served as sham controls. Sepsis was induced with fecal peritonitis, and intravenous fluids were administered after 240 min of sepsis to alter hypodynamic sepsis to hyperdynamic sepsis. Results In the control group, all monitored flow data remained stable throughout the study. During the hypodynamic phase of sepsis, cardiac output, superior mesenteric artery flow, and microcirculatory blood flow in the gastric mucosa decreased by 45%, 51%, and 40%, respectively, compared to baseline (P &lt; 0.01 in all). Microcirculatory blood flow in the muscularis of the stomach, jejunum, and colon decreased by 55%, 64%, and 70%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001 in all). In contrast, flow in the jejunal and colonic mucosa remained virtually unchanged. During the hyperdynamic phase of sepsis, there was a threefold increase in cardiac output and superior mesenteric artery flow. Blood flow in the gastric, jejunal, and colonic mucosa also increased (22%, 24%, and 31% above baseline, respectively). Flow in the muscularis of the stomach returned to baseline, while in the jejunum and colon, flow in the muscularis remained significantly below baseline (55% and 45%, respectively, P&lt; 0.01). Conclusions It appears that in early septic shock, autoregulation of microcirculatory blood flow is largely intact in the intestinal mucosa in anesthetized pigs, explaining why microcirculatory blood flow remained virtually unchanged. This may be facilitated through redistribution of flow within the intestinal wall, from the muscularis toward the mucosa.

scholarly journals Leiomyosarcoma of the superior mesenteric artery: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Striano ◽  
Francesco Esposito ◽  
Francesco Crafa
Keyword(s):  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Vascular Reconstruction ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels

Abstract Arterial leiomyosarcoma (A-LMS) is a very rare tumour and no cases originating from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) have been described. We present a case of A-LMS originating from distal part of SMA and incorporating superior mesenteric vein (SMV). SMA and SMV were prepared along their course by laparotomy. Prior to resection, the superior mesenteric vessels were clamped, and intra-operative infrared angiography after intravenous injection of indocyanine green was performed. Once confirmed the vitality of the bowel, mass resection including the distal portion of the SMA and SMV was executed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histology confirmed initial diagnosis. Six months after surgery no recurrence was highlighted. This is the first case of A-LMS originating from SMA, successfully treated without any intestinal resection or vascular reconstruction. The use of near-infrared angiography associated with a preoperative angiographic workup is indispensable for the success of the surgery.

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