scholarly journals Effects of Nasogastric Tubes on Swallowing: Frequency of Swallowing, Residue and Back Flow of Bolus

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori NISHI ◽  
Itaru TAKEHARA ◽  
Tetsuo IKAI ◽  
Satoshi MIYANO
Keyword(s):  
Back Flow ◽  
Nasogastric Tubes

Confirmation of placement of fine-bore nasogastric tubes

Anaesthesia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1116-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. White
Keyword(s):  
Nasogastric Tubes

scholarly journals Gastrostomy for infants with severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex in neonatal intensive care

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marro ◽  
S. De Smet ◽  
D. Caldari ◽  
C. Lambe ◽  
S. Leclerc-Mercier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Nasogastric Tubes ◽  
Mucosal Involvement ◽  
Enteral Nutrition Support

Abstract Introduction Severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS sev) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by congenital generalized blistering and mucosal involvement. Increased needs and decreased intake quickly lead to nutritional imbalance. Enteral nutrition support is proposed, but classical nasogastric tubes are not well tolerated in these patients and gastrostomy is preferred. Objective and methods To report the experience with EBS sev in neonatal units of French reference centers for gastrostomy. In this retrospective multicentric study, we included all patients with EBS sev who had gastrostomy placement before age 9 months during neonatal care hospitalization. Results Nine infants (5 males/4 females) with severe skin and mucosal involvement were included. A gastrostomy was decided, at an early age (mean 3.7 months, range 1.4 to 8 months) in infants with mean weight 4426 g (range 3500 to 6000 g). Techniques used were endoscopy with the pull technique for 5 infants and surgery under general anesthesia for 4. Main complications were local but resolved after treatment. All infants gained weight after gastrostomy. The mean withdrawal time (n = 7) for the gastrostomy was 35.8 months (range 10.5 months to 6.5 years). Seven children had persistent oral disorders. Conclusions Gastrostomy in infants with EBS sev can be necessary in neonatal intensive care units. Both surgical and endoscopic pull techniques seem efficient, with good tolerance.

A Control-Oriented Polytropic Model of SI Engine Intake Manifold

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josˇko Deur ◽  
Davor Hrovat ◽  
Josˇko Petric´ ◽  
Zˇeljko Sˇitum
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Polytropic Model ◽  
Back Flow ◽  
Thermal Transients ◽  
Three State Model ◽  
Transfer Properties ◽  
Variant Structure

The paper presents experimental results which show significant changes of the intake manifold air temperature during fast tip-in/tip-out engine transients. An adequate two-state polytropic manifold model is developed and experimentally validated. An emphasis is on the derivation and parameterization of a time-variant structure of the heat transfer coefficient. The polytropic manifold model is extended to a three-state form for the more general case of different heat transfer properties for the manifold plenum and runners. An influence of the engine back flow on the runner thermal transients is observed. A simple extension of the three-state model with the back flow effect is proposed.

Pump Performance Improvement by Restraining Back Flow in Screw-Type Centrifugal Pump

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Tatebayashi ◽  
Kazuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Toshio Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Back Flow ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Impeller Outlet ◽  
Pump Head ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

The authors have been investigating the various characteristics of screw-type centrifugal pumps, such as pressure fluctuations in impellers, flow patterns in volute casings, and pump performance in air-water two-phase flow conditions. During these investigations, numerical results of our investigations made it clear that three back flow regions existed in this type of pump. Among these, the back flow from the volute casing toward the impeller outlet was the most influential on the pump performance. Thus the most important factor to achieve higher pump performance was to reduce the influence of this back flow. One simple method was proposed to obtain the restraint of back flow and so as to improve the pump performance. This method was to set up a ringlike wall at the suction cover casing between the impeller outlet and the volute casing. Its effects on the flow pattern and the pump performance have been discussed and clarified to compare the calculated results with experimental results done under two conditions, namely, one with and one without this ring-type wall. The influence of wall’s height on the pump head was investigated by numerical simulations. In addition, the difference due to the wall’s effect was clarified to compare its effects on two kinds of volute casing. From the results obtained it can be said that restraining the back flow of such pumps was very important to achieve higher pump performance. Furthermore, another method was suggested to restrain back flow effectively. This method was to attach a wall at the trailing edge of impeller. This method was very useful for avoiding the congestion of solids because this wall was smaller than that used in the first method. The influence of these factors on the pump performance was also discussed by comparing simulated calculations with actual experiments.

scholarly journals Suspended sediment distribution under varied currents in the largest river-connected lake of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 994-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Wang ◽  
Yijun Zhao ◽  
Fengnian Zhou ◽  
Huaiyu Yan ◽  
Yanqing Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Gravity Flow ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
Back Flow ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Seasons

Abstract Poyang Lake was selected as the research area. Based on laboratory experiment, field investigation and numerical simulation, the spatial distributions of suspended sediment (SS) under the gravity-flow, jacking-flow and back-flow patterns were quantitatively analysed. An annular flume experiment was conducted to determine the critical starting shear stresses of the sediments in the flood and dry seasons. By numerical experiment, the SS transport under different flow patterns was explored. Several results stand out. (1) The critical starting shear stresses of the sediments in the flood and dry seasons were 0.35 N·m−2 and 0.29 N·m−2, respectively. (2) Due to the strongest flow disturbance and scouring effect, SS under the gravity-flow pattern was characterized by the highest loads. The lowest SS was observed during the jacking-flow pattern, which could be attributed to the lowest water level gap between the lake and external rivers. The loads ranged from 0.053 kg·m−3 to 0.068 kg·m−3. (3) Under the back-flow pattern, SS in the north lake was evidently influenced by the Yangtze River, and the mean value was approximately 0.12 kg·m−3. With the gradually weakened back-flow impact, the SS load was decreased from the north to the middle of the lake.

scholarly journals Improvement of Prediction Method of Coastal Scour and Erosion due to Tsunami Back-flow

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimichi YAMAMOTO ◽  
Kenji NARIYOSHI ◽  
Vu Thanh CA
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Method ◽  
Back Flow

Nasogastric Tubes

1991 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
A. D. Hassard
Keyword(s):  
Nasogastric Tubes

scholarly journals Gastroesophageal Reflux in Critically Ill Children: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Solana García ◽  
Jesús López-Herce Cid ◽  
César Sánchez Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Nasogastric Tubes ◽  
Intraluminal Impedance ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Antireflux Barrier ◽  
Ph Metry

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is very common in children due to immaturity of the antireflux barrier. In critically ill patients there is also a high incidence due to a partial or complete loss of pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter though other factors, such as the use of nasogastric tubes, treatment with adrenergic agonists, bronchodilators, or opiates and mechanical ventilation, can further increase the risk of GER. Vomiting and regurgitation are the most common manifestations in infants and are considered pathological when they have repercussions on the nutritional status. In critically ill children, damage to the esophageal mucosa predisposes to digestive tract hemorrhage and nosocomial pneumonia secondary to repeated microaspiration. GER is mainly alkaline in children, as is also the case in critically ill pediatric patients. pH-metry combined with multichannel intraluminal impedance is therefore the technique of choice for diagnosis. The proton pump inhibitors are the drugs of choice for the treatment of GER because they have a greater effect, longer duration of action, and a good safety profile.

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