scholarly journals “Daltexpharma”: A Case Addressing Potential Pharmaceutical Cargo Theft

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Marchione ◽  
Nile M. Khanfar ◽  
Bahaudin G. Mujtaba ◽  
David Loudon
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Article Type ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
Method Of Instruction ◽  
Cargo Theft ◽  
Faculty Instruction

Case Synopsis This paper is provided as an innovative resource for those in the academic and training arenas to use as a case example in discussing the problem of pharmaceutical cargo theft.  The case delves into the worldwide, on-going dilemma of pharmaceutical trucking cargo theft losses and the effects of such theft.  For those unfamiliar with the case method of instruction, the paper’s ending may be rather unsettling.  But that is where the student’s learning and faculty instruction process come together.  Typically, students (whether in teams or individually) will fully develop their responses based on the queries provided at the end.  Faculty may then proceed in any number of ways to elicit the students’ insights in a classroom setting.  For decades the pharmaceutical industry has been plagued with a plethora of criminal acts that impact the daily processes and procedures of operations.  Pharmaceutical warehouse and trucking thefts have not only aided in the currently debilitating state of the opioid crisis in the United States, but these thefts also aid the black market in the illegal sale of diverted prescription drugs.  Due to the lack of security measures, vulnerability of the truck drivers, their rigs, and the value of the cargo being transported, pharmaceutical theft is a lucrative opportunity for organized crime.  The case presented here describes the issues within the pharmaceutical industry as companies must deal with “last mile” cargo thefts.  Daltexpharma represents a synthesized, hypothetical example of a pharmaceutical firm that must develop policies to deal with such potential thefts in its supply chain.  Although a fictitious company, the case realistically details the important factors to consider in establishing strong security practices that may be necessary for a pharmaceutical company operating in today’s environment.  In order to protect the integrity and security of the authors’ case notes, particularly for use in an academic setting, the Journal’s editor will maintain control of them.  They may be obtained by faculty upon presenting their request to the Editor.    Article Type: Instructional Tool

Fear of a Black (and Poor) School: Race, Class, and School Safety Policy Preferences

2019 ◽  
pp. 215336871988167
Author(s):  
Adam Dunbar ◽  
Aaron Kupchik ◽  
Cresean Hughes ◽  
Raven Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Public Preferences ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Security Practices

School security and punishment practices have changed throughout the United States since the 1990s. Yet we know little about public support for these practices nor how this support varies when considering different students. The current study uses an experimental approach to assess public preferences for school punishment and security practices and how public opinion relates to student body race and class, as well as attitudes about crime. Results indicate that participants prefer security measures for schools with more low-income students and mental health services for schools with more high-income students. We also find that participants with racialized views of crime, along with those who view crime as a growing problem and fear victimization, are more supportive of carceral disciplinary policies and less supportive of therapeutic policies. We conclude by considering how ostensibly race-neutral mechanisms, such as attitudes about poverty and crime, may contribute to racially disparate surveillance and punishment practices.

RFID Tagging of Pharmaceuticals

2008 ◽  
pp. 1199-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Wyld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
American Health Care ◽  
Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals ◽  
Drug Supply Chain ◽  
The Impact

Pharmaceuticals play a more prominent role in American health care than in any other nation. The North American market today comprises 47% of the global prescription drug market, which now exceeds half a trillion dollars, with Americans spending approximately $251.8 billion annually on pharmaceuticals. This is up significantly from a decade earlier, when American consumption represented approximately one-third of the world market (IMS Health, 2006a). America’s insatiable demand for prescription drugs has led to serious cracks in the drug supply chain of the world’s leading pharmaceutical market. This chapter examines the size and scope of the problem of counterfeit pharmaceuticals, both globally and in the United States. It looks at the impact this crisis is having both on public health and the pharmaceutical industry. Today, leaders in both the pharmaceutical industry and government are looking to more stringent regulations and radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging of pharmaceuticals as a way to head off the problems associated with an increasingly leaky drug supply chain. This chapter outlines the steps being taken in the United States to help secure this vital supply chain. Finally, an analysis is given of the impact the shift to electronic pedigrees of pharmaceuticals will have both on the pharmaceutical and RFID market spaces.

scholarly journals Planning for the First and Last Mile: A Review of Practices at Selected Transit Agencies in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2222
Author(s):  
Hossain Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Transit Agencies

A transit trip involves travel to and from transit stops or stations. The quality of what are commonly known as first and last mile connections (regardless of their length) can have an important impact on transit ridership. Transit agencies throughout the world are developing innovative approaches to improving first and last mile connections, for example, by partnering with ride-hailing and other emerging mobility services. A small but growing number of transit agencies in the U.S. have adopted first and last mile (FLM) plans with the goal of increasing ridership. As this is a relatively new practice by transit agencies, a review of these plans can inform other transit agencies and assist them in preparing their own. Four FLM plans were selected from diverse geographic contexts for review: Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro), Riverside (CA) Transit Agency (RTA), and Denver Regional Transit District (RTD), and City of Richmond, CA. Based on the literature, we developed a framework with an emphasis on transportation equity to examine these plans. We identified five common approaches to addressing the FLM issue: spatial gap analysis with a focus on socio-demographics and locational characteristics, incorporation of emerging mobility services, innovative funding approaches for plan implementation, equity and transportation remedies for marginalized communities, and development of pedestrian and bicycle infrastructures surrounding transit stations. Strategies in three of the plans are aligned with regional goals for emissions reductions. LA Metro and Riverside Transit incorporate detailed design guidelines for the improvement of transit stations. As these plans are still relatively new, it will take time to evaluate their impact on ridership and their communities’ overall transit experience.

Fake Pharmaceuticals: How They and Relevant Legislation or Lack Thereof Contribute to Consistently High and Increasing Drug Prices

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-542
Author(s):  
Merri C. Moken
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals ◽  
New Applications

The use of pharmaceutical products in the United States has increased more than the use of any other health resource from 1960 to 1990. In excess of 9,600 drugs were on the market in 1984, and the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approves approximately 30 new drugs and countless new applications for alterations of already existing drugs each year. In 2001, the $300 billion pharmaceutical industry sold $154 billion worth of prescription drugs in the United States alone, nearly doubling its $78.9 billion in sales in 1997. With such a rapid increase in market domination and expenditures, the U.S. government and many hospitals have focused their attention on the sales and pricing practices of pharmaceutical companies, as well as other potential factors contributing to these escalating prices. One such cause of the steadily increasing prices of brand name pharmaceuticals is the sale of fake or counterfeit pharmaceuticals (also called “look-alike” drugs).

The Epidemiology of Drug Promotion

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Silverman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corporate Ethics ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
The One ◽  
Global Company ◽  
Latin American Countries

A survey was conducted on the promotion of 28 prescription drugs in the form of 40 different products marketed in the United States and Latin America by 23 multinational pharmaceutical companies. Striking differences were found in the manner in which the identical drug, marketed by the identical company or its foreign affiliate, was described to physicians in the United States and to physicians in Latin America. In the United States, the listed indications were usually few in number, while the contraindications, warnings, and potential adverse reactions were given in extensive detail. In Latin America, the listed indications were far more numerous, while the hazards were usually minimized, glossed over, or totally ignored. The differences were not simply between the United States on the one hand and all the Latin American countries on the other. There were substantial differences within Latin America, with the same global company telling one story in Mexico, another in Central America, a third in Ecuador and Colombia, and yet another in Brazil. The companies have sought to defend these practices by contending that they are not breaking any Latin American laws. In some countries, however, such promotion is in clear violation of the law. The corporate ethics and social responsibilities concerned here call for examination and action.

Pharmaceutical Innovation in the United States: Factors Affecting Future Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Regulatory Strategy

AbstractFueled by high returns on its investments, the pharmaceutical industry in the United States has flourished for the past 50 years. The regulatory strategy of demanding stringent testing then allowing market-based pricing has allowed private companies to fund ambitious research and development activities with the assurance that these investments will be recovered. However, aggressive managed-care cost-containment strategies threaten the companies' ability to recoup research and development expenses and may affect their willingness to invest in future innovative research.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Research Studies Examining Telehealth Privacy and Security Practices Used By Healthcare Providers

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie J.M. Watzlaf ◽  
Leming Zhou ◽  
Dilhari R. DeAlmeida ◽  
Linda M. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Computer Security ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Encryption And Authentication

The objective of this systematic review was to systematically review papers in the United States that examine current practices in privacy and security when telehealth technologies are used by healthcare providers. A literature search was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). PubMed, CINAHL and INSPEC from 2003 – 2016 were searched and returned 25,404 papers (after duplications were removed). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly followed to examine title, abstract, and full text for 21 published papers which reported on privacy and security practices used by healthcare providers using telehealth.  Data on confidentiality, integrity, privacy, informed consent, access control, availability, retention, encryption, and authentication were all searched and retrieved from the papers examined. Papers were selected by two independent reviewers, first per inclusion/exclusion criteria and, where there was disagreement, a third reviewer was consulted. The percentage of agreement and Cohen’s kappa was 99.04% and 0.7331 respectively. The papers reviewed ranged from 2004 to 2016 and included several types of telehealth specialties. Sixty-seven percent were policy type studies, and 14 percent were survey/interview studies. There were no randomized controlled trials. Based upon the results, we conclude that it is necessary to have more studies with specific information about the use of privacy and security practices when using telehealth technologies as well as studies that examine patient and provider preferences on how data is kept private and secure during and after telehealth sessions.Keywords: Computer security, Health personnel, Privacy, Systematic review, Telehealth 

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