EMISSION FACTOR ASSESSMENT FOR TWO FIREWOOD STOVES

In the case of sewage sludge, as direct landfilling was recently prohibited, it is treated through incineration. Among the air pollutants discharged through the incineration of sewage sludge, NOx and SOx are considered secondary substances of PM2.5 and are being managed accordingly. However, NH3, another of the secondary substances of PM2.5, is not well managed, and the amount of NH3 discharged from sewage sludge incineration facilities has not been calculated. Therefore, in this study, we sought to determine whether NH3 is discharged in the exhaust gas of a sewage sludge incineration facility, and, when discharged, the NH3 emission factor was calculated, and the necessity of the development of the emission factor was reviewed. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the amount of NH3 discharged from the sewage sludge incineration facility was 0.04 to 4.47 ppm, and the emission factor was calculated as 0.002 kg NH3/ton. The NH3 emission factor was compared with the NH3 emission factor of municipal solid waste proposed by EMEP/EEA (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Environment Agency) because the NH3 emission factor of the sewage sludge incineration facility had not been previously determined. As a result of the comparison, the NH3 emission factor of EMEP/EEA was similar to that of municipal solid waste, confirming the necessity of developing the NH3 emission factor of the sewage sludge incineration facility. In addition, the evaluation of the uncertainty of the additionally calculated NH3 emission factor was conducted quantitatively and the uncertainty range was presented for reference. In the future, it is necessary to improve the reliability of the NH3 emission factor of sewage sludge incineration facilities by performing additional analysis with statistical representation. In addition, the development of NH3 emission factors for industrial waste incineration facilities should be undertaken.

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Major Elements to Consider in Developing Ammonia Emission Factor at Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incinerators

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2197

Author(s):

Seongmin Kang ◽

Joonyoung Roh ◽

Eui-chan Jeon

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Emission Factor ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Major Elements ◽

Ammonia Emission ◽

Nh3 Emission ◽

The Difference ◽

The One

NH3 is one of the major substances contributing to the secondary generation of PM2.5; therefore, management is required. In Korea, the management of NH3 is insufficient, and the emission factor used by EPA is the same as the one used when calculating emissions. In particular, waste incineration facilities do not currently calculate NH3 emissions. In the case of combustion facilities, the main ammonia emission source is the De-NOx facility, and, in the case of a power plant with a De-NOx facility, NH3 emission is calculated. Therefore, in the case of a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerator with the same facility installed, it is necessary to calculate NH3 emissions. In this study, the necessity of developing NH3 emission factors for an MSW incinerator and calculating emission was analyzed. In addition, elements to be considered when developing emission factors were analyzed. The study found that the NH3 emission factors for each MSW incinerator technology were calculated as Stoker 0.010 NH3 kg/ton and Fluidized Beds 0.004 NH3 kg/ton, which was greater than the NH3 emission factor 0.003 NH3 kg/ton for the MSW incinerator presented in EMEP/EEA (2016). As a result, it was able to identify the need for the development of NH3 emission factors in MSW incinerators in Korea. In addition, the statistical analysis of the difference between the incineration technology of MSW and the NH3 emission factor by the De-NOx facility showed a difference in terms of both incineration technology and De-NOx facilities, indicating that they should be considered together when developing the emission factor. In addition to MSW, it is believed that it will be necessary to review the development of emission factors for waste at workplaces and incineration facilities of sewage sludge.

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Emission factor estimation of ca. 160 emerging organic microcontaminants by inverse modeling in a Mediterranean river basin (Llobregat, NE Spain)

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.055 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 520 ◽

pp. 241-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Zoran Banjac ◽

Antoni Ginebreda ◽

Maja Kuzmanovic ◽

Rafael Marcé ◽

Martí Nadal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Inverse Modeling ◽

Emission Factor ◽

Mediterranean River ◽

Ne Spain ◽

Factor Estimation

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Measurement of the spontaneous emission factor of a 3.39 μm HeNe laser

Optics Communications ◽

10.1016/0030-4018(94)90031-0 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 107 (3-4) ◽

pp. 249-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S.J.M. Kuppens ◽

H. van Kampen ◽

M.P. van Exter ◽

J.P. Woerdman

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Emission ◽

Emission Factor ◽

Hene Laser ◽

Spontaneous Emission Factor

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Refining the New Zealand nitrous oxide emission factor for urea fertiliser and farm dairy effluent

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2016.02.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 222 ◽

pp. 133-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

T.J. van der Weerden ◽

N. Cox ◽

J. Luo ◽

H.J. Di ◽

A. Podolyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

New Zealand ◽

Emission Factor ◽

Nitrous Oxide Emission ◽

Dairy Effluent ◽

Farm Dairy Effluent

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Methane emissions from young and mature dairy cattle

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 1897 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. A. Ramírez-Restrepo ◽

H. Clark ◽

S. Muetzel

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Emission Factor ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Tracer Technique ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Dairy Heifers ◽

Age Related ◽

The Mean

Daily methane (CH4) emissions (g) and CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) were measured from 10 dairy heifers (<1 year old) and nine rumen-fistulated cows (>6 years old) fed ryegrass (Lolium perenne) chaffage indoors. The CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique in four ~5-day periods beginning in June 2008 and repeated 4, 6 and 7 months later. Respiratory chambers were used in four ~13-day periods beginning in November 2008 and repeated 2, 5 and 6 months later. Third and fourth sulfur hexafluoride tracer periods overlapped with the first and second chamber measurement periods, respectively. Averaged over the four measurement periods the CH4 yields determined using both techniques were similar for heifers and cows. The mean CH4 yield estimated by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique was 25.3 ± 0.52 for heifers and 24.1 ± 0.55 for mature cows, whereas the mean CH4 yield measured in respiratory chambers was 23.7 ± 0.66 for heifers and 23.6 ± 0.66 for mature cows. Averaged over the eight measurements irrespective of technique, CH4 yields for heifers (24.5 ± 0.42) and cows (23.8 ± 0.43) were similar. There was also no difference between CH4 methods for assessing CH4 yield during the overlapping measurement periods. It was concluded that no consistent differences in CH4 yield existed between heifers and mature cows. Therefore, we do not recommend adoption of an age-related emission factor for cattle in the national inventory calculations for New Zealand.

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Effect on influent of wastewater treatment plant in consideration of the emission factor of disposer wastewater and water quality variation in the sewer

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Ser G (Environmental Research) ◽

10.2208/jscejer.69.iii_435 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. III_435-III_443

Author(s):

Takahiro ABE ◽

Masahiro OGINO ◽

Naoki MIYAZATO ◽

Toru AOI

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Emission Factor ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Quality Variation ◽

Quality Variation

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On-Road Gaseous Emission Characteristics of China IV CNG Bus in Shanghai

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1864 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 690-693 ◽

pp. 1864-1871 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Di Ming Lou ◽

Si Li Qian ◽

Zhi Yuan Hu ◽

Pi Qiang Tan

Keyword(s):

Emission Factor ◽

High Speed ◽

Idle Time ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Vehicle Emission ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Emission Measurement ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Average Speed ◽

Portable Emission Measurement System

In this paper, on-road CO, THC, NOX, CO2 gaseous emissions characteristics of china IV CNG bus were analyzed based on on-road vehicle emission test in the peak and non-peak hours of city traffic in Shanghai using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The experimental results reveal that: compared with the condition results in the non-peak hours, it (conditions in the peak hours) have lower average speed, longer idle time and shorter high speed time; the NOX emission factor and rate in the peak hour reduced by 5.66% and 70.2%; the CO, HC, CO2 emissions factors are increased by 47.2%, 32.6%, 20.8%, and the CO, HC, CO2 emissions rates reduced by 1.94%, 26.5%, 48.7% respectively, compared with that in the non-peak hours; The CO, HC, NOX, CO2 emissions factors all decreased as bus speed increased, while they increased as bus acceleration increased; the gaseous emissions rates all increased as bus speed increased; both the emissions factors and emissions rates contributions are highest at accelerations, higher at cruise speeds, and the lowest at decelerations for non-idling buses; the emissions rates under the condition of idling is lowest; gaseous emissions contribution under the various operating conditions has displayed certain correlations with the percentage of the time for different operating conditions.

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