On-Road Gaseous Emission Characteristics of China IV CNG Bus in Shanghai

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1864-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Ming Lou ◽  
Si Li Qian ◽  
Zhi Yuan Hu ◽  
Pi Qiang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factor ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Portable Emission Measurement System

In this paper, on-road CO, THC, NOX, CO2 gaseous emissions characteristics of china IV CNG bus were analyzed based on on-road vehicle emission test in the peak and non-peak hours of city traffic in Shanghai using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The experimental results reveal that: compared with the condition results in the non-peak hours, it (conditions in the peak hours) have lower average speed, longer idle time and shorter high speed time; the NOX emission factor and rate in the peak hour reduced by 5.66% and 70.2%; the CO, HC, CO2 emissions factors are increased by 47.2%, 32.6%, 20.8%, and the CO, HC, CO2 emissions rates reduced by 1.94%, 26.5%, 48.7% respectively, compared with that in the non-peak hours; The CO, HC, NOX, CO2 emissions factors all decreased as bus speed increased, while they increased as bus acceleration increased; the gaseous emissions rates all increased as bus speed increased; both the emissions factors and emissions rates contributions are highest at accelerations, higher at cruise speeds, and the lowest at decelerations for non-idling buses; the emissions rates under the condition of idling is lowest; gaseous emissions contribution under the various operating conditions has displayed certain correlations with the percentage of the time for different operating conditions.

Research on the Test for Complete-Vehicle Emission and Fuel Consumption of the Refuse Truck by Chassis Dynamometer

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 1825-1830
Author(s):  
Kong Jian Qin ◽  
Chang Yuan Wang ◽  
Jia Yan ◽  
Xue Hao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Vehicle Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Heavy Duty Vehicle ◽  
Significant Difference

Refuse truck accounted for 70% of the sanitation vehicle, which was the major heavy duty vehicle type in city. Therefore its fuel economy and emission characteristics were under higher requirements. This research did the emission test on the chassis dynamometer by using compressed truck, testing C-WTCV and CCBC circle emission, and fuel consumption respectively. The research showed the Km fuel consumption of CCBC circle was about 1.3 times of the C-WTVC from the analysis of fuel consumption and the emission of CO2.From the analysis of emission factor, the emission of NOX and CO of the CCBC circle was both higher than the C-WTVC, respectively 1.9 times and 1.4 times. However, the emission of HC was only 36% of the C-WTVC. C-WTVC was very similar to the motor of the CCBC circle in city, however the motorway cycle and emission both had significant difference from CCBC circle.

scholarly journals The impact of parameter modifications in the Diesel engine power system on the emissions of harmful compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Jerzy MERKISZ ◽  
Maciej BAJERLEIN ◽  
Bartłomiej ZIELIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Portable Emission Measurement System ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of emission tests and vehicle operation indicators fueled with diesel oil. The tests were carried out for a passenger vehicle equipped with a diesel engine meeting Euro 3 emissions standard, moving in urban traffic. The measurements were carried out using modern PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System) enabling the emission of gaseous components from exhaust systems of the tested object. On the basis of the conducted tests, the load characteristics were determined using the torque values obtained along with the engine speeds. The measurement route included two cycles: urban driving and fast acceleration. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of modifications to the control maps on CO, CO2, PM and NOx exhaust gas emissions under real operating conditions.

Modelling for investigation of combustion and emission characteristics in a high-speed direct-injection diesel engine with light duty under various operating conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (11) ◽  
pp. 2159-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J Kim ◽  
B W Ryu ◽  
C S Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Mass

A numerical study was conducted to investigate combustion and emission characteristics in a high-speed direct-injection engine with a common-rail injection system under various operating conditions. In order to analyse the combustion characteristics, several models were used in this study. They were the renormalization group k– ε model, the hybrid Kelvin—Helmholtz (wave) and the Rayleigh—Taylor model, the shell auto-ignition model, and the laminar and turbulent characteristic timescale combustion model. The prediction of exhaust emissions was conducted using nitrogen oxide NO x formation with an extended Zel'dovich mechanism and Hiroyasu soot formation with the Nagle—Strickland-Constable oxidation model respectively. Experimental combustion and emission characteristics were compared with calculated results under various operating conditions, such as injection timing, injection pressure, fuel mass, and engine speed. The calculated results show similar patterns to the experimental results in the cylinder pressure and the rate of heat release. In the emissions characteristics, NO x emission decreased as injection timing was retarded and the NO x and soot amounts increased with the increase in the injected fuel mass. The calculated soot trends for various injection timings showed different patterns from the experimental trends as the injection timing were retarded.

Influence of Passenger Load on Diesel Bus Emissions

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Tie Zhu Li ◽  
Yan Ming Ren ◽  
Na Zhu ◽  
Fang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Real World ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Portable Emission Measurement System ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
Road Emission

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of passenger load on diesel bus emissions based on the real-world on-road emission data collected by the Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS). It is also analyzed whether passenger load affect the accuracy of emission models based on VSP. The results indicate that the influence of passenger load on emission rates of CO2, CO, NOX and HC is various with different speed and acceleration ranges. As for the distance-based emission factors of CO2, CO, NOX and HC, per-passenger emission factors decrease with the rise of passenger load. In addition, it is found that the influence of passenger load can be omitted properly in the emission models of low and middle speed bins. But that can lead to an error reaching up to 49% if the influence of passenger load is neglected in the models of high speed bins.

Investigating the Use of Heavy Alcohols as a Fuel Blending Agent for Compression Ignition Engine Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita I. Ramírez ◽  
Sibendu Som ◽  
Lisa A. LaRocco ◽  
Timothy P. Rutter ◽  
Douglas E. Longman
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission

There has been an extensive worldwide search for alternate fuels that fit with the existing infrastructure and would thus displace fossil-based resources. In metabolic engineering work at Argonne National Laboratory, strains of fuel have been designed that can be produced in large quantities by photosynthetic bacteria, eventually producing a heavy alcohol called phytol (C20H40O). Phytol’s physical and chemical properties (cetane number, heat of combustion, heat of vaporization, density, surface tension, vapor pressure, etc.) correspond in magnitude to those of diesel fuel, suggesting that phytol might be a good blending agent in compression ignition (CI) engine applications. The main reason for this study was to investigate the feasibility of using phytol as a blending agent with diesel; this was done by comparing the performance and emission characteristics of different blends of phytol (5%, 10%, 20% by volume) with diesel. The experimental research was performed on a single-cylinder engine under conventional operating conditions. Since phytol’s viscosity is much higher than that of diesel, higher-injection-pressure cases were investigated to ensure the delivery of fuel into the combustion chamber was sufficient. The influence of the fuel’s chemical composition on performance and emission characteristics was captured by doing an injection timing sweep. Combustion characteristics as shown in the cylinder pressure trace were comparable for the diesel and all the blends of phytol at each of the injection timings. The 5% and 10% blends show lower CO and similar NOx values. However, the 20% blend shows higher NOx and CO emissions, indicating that the chemical and physical properties have been altered substantially at this higher percentage. The combustion event was depicted by performing high-speed natural luminosity imaging using endoscopy. This revealed that the higher in-cylinder temperatures for the 20% blend are the cause for its higher NOx emissions. In addition, three-dimensional simulations of transient, turbulent nozzle flow were performed to compare the injection and cavitation characteristics of phytol and its blends. Specifically, area and discharge coefficients and mass flow rates of diesel and phytol blends were compared under corresponding engine operating conditions. The conclusion is that phytol may be a suitable blending agent with diesel fuel for CI applications.

Study on the Driving Cycle and NOx Emission Characteristics of City Bus

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 940-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Yu Lin ◽  
Kong Jian Qin ◽  
Fu Wu Yan ◽  
Jun Hua Gao ◽  
Chang Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
City Bus

Using portable emission measurement system, an experimental study on the NOx emission characteristics of city bus in practical operation are conducted, the eigenvalue of driving cycle are analyzed by short trip method. The results show that: idling time accounted for 20.392%, ratio of acceleration which between-0.5 m/s2 and 0.5 m/s2 accounted for as high as 83.314%.NOx emissions are greatly affected by the speed of vehicle: the instantaneous rate and total amount of NOx emission under high speed are much higher than low speed, the average urea injection under high speed is 3.5 times than low speed. When the vehicle speed is between 20-25km/h, the average emission rate of NOx is about 0.074g/s,while the time proportion of urea injection is under 40%;while the vehicle speed is above 55km/h, the average emission rate of NOx is about 0.025g/s,while the time proportion of urea injection can reach as high as 80%.

Emission Characteristics of CNG/Gasoline Dual-Fuel Taxi

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 365-369
Author(s):  
Fang Qian ◽  
Tie Zhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
The Real ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Portable Emission Measurement System ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
All Speeds

To investigate the real emission level of compressed natural gas (CNG)/gasoline dual-fuel taxis, Portable emission measurement system (PEMS) testing techniques was applied to measure instantaneous CO2, CO, NOx and HC emissions. Comparison between CNG and gasoline was set up to analyze the influence of speed and driving modes on the gas pollutants emissions under the real-world operating conditions. Results show that the average speed of the tested taxis is 27.75 km/h and the speed has a relationship with emission level. Taxi fueled with CNG emit less CO2 and CO but more NOx and HC than taxi fueled with gasoline at all speeds below 45 km/h. CO2, CO and HC emission factor from CNG taxi were lower whilst NOx were higher, NOx emission rate of CNG taxi was higher contrast to the taxi with gasoline. The emission level of CNG taxi is better than gasoline taxi when the driving speed is low.

scholarly journals Investigation and Prediction of Heavy-Duty Diesel Passenger Bus Emissions in Hainan Using a COPERT Model

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Jihui Zhuang ◽  
Xiaoming Cheng ◽  
Mengliang Li ◽  
Jiaxing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Gray Model ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Portable Emission Measurement System ◽  
Standard Scenario ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

To investigate the emission status and predict the future trends of heavy-duty diesel passenger buses in Hainan Province, the technical level distribution, activity characteristics, and operating conditions of heavy-duty diesel passenger buses were statistically analyzed. The emissions of CO, CO2, NOX, and PM of the province’s heavy-duty diesel passenger buses in 2017 were calculated by the COPERT model. The Portable Emission Measurement System was applied to the calibration of emission factors calculated by the model to improve the accuracy of emission predictions. The prediction of emission trends sets three different scenarios: baseline scenarios (BAS), emission reduction standard scenario (ERS), and emission reduction standard and replacement by electric vehicle scenario (ERS and REV). The gray model was used to predict the number of heavy-duty diesel passenger buses in the three scenarios and combined with the calibrated emission factors to predict the emission trends under different scenarios. Results show that the ERS will reduce CO, CO2, NOX, and PM emissions by approximately 23%, 12%, 23%, and 46% respectively, in 2025 compared with BAS. ERS and REV will reduce CO, CO2, NOX, and PM emissions by approximately 38%, 33%, 38%, and 50% for the three emissions, compared with the BAS.

scholarly journals Real driving emissions and fuel consumption characteristics of Istanbul public transportation

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 Part B) ◽  
pp. 665-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orkun Ozener
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Portable Emission Measurement System

Public transportation, which uses intra city lines frequently, has vital importance on the cities air pollution. The fossil fuel based drive units, which emits pollutants, are the primary source of this interest. Also, the fuel consumption is another major concern because of economic aspects. For an efficient and clear transportation, the pollutants and fuel consumption has to be analyzed, considering the operating conditions. In this context, the Metrobus line of Istanbul city which crosses from European side to Asian side of the city was analyzed with portable emission measurement system and portable fuel consumption meter devices. The relevant bus operating data were also collected during the operation. The data were analyzed while considering the operating modes like acceleration, deceleration, and constant speed cruises. The emission factors were developed. The pollutant emissions generally decreased as the vehicle speed increased while the fuel consumption increased for the same acceleration level. These results show the importance of operating conditions and their non-linear effect on emissions and fuel consumption Istanbul public transportation.

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