scholarly journals Exploring Stem Cell Differentiation From A Mechanobiological Perspective: Insights From Neural Precursor Cells And Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Bruno Pontes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Shape Control ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neural Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Membrane Cytoskeleton ◽  
Actomyosin Cytoskeleton

The surface of mammalian cells consists of the plasma membrane lined by an underneath cortical actomyosin cytoskeleton. This pair of structures forms the Membrane-Cytoskeleton Complex (MCC), a known regulator of cellular processes, ranging from shape control and cell migration to molecule presentation and signaling [1-3].

scholarly journals Alcohol-Induced Molecular Dysregulation in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Precursor Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e0163812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Young Kim ◽  
Ivan Roubal ◽  
Youn Soo Lee ◽  
Jin Seok Kim ◽  
Michael Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor

scholarly journals The exocyst complex regulates C. elegans germline stem cell proliferation by controlling membrane Notch levels

Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Pushpa ◽  
Sunayana Dagar ◽  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
Diksha Pathak ◽  
Sivaram V. S. Mylavarapu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Proliferation ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Exocyst Complex ◽  
Membrane Density

ABSTRACT The conserved exocyst complex regulates plasma membrane-directed vesicle fusion in eukaryotes. However, its role in stem cell proliferation has not been reported. Germline stem cell (GSC) proliferation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is regulated by conserved Notch signaling. Here, we reveal that the exocyst complex regulates C. elegans GSC proliferation by modulating Notch signaling cell autonomously. Notch membrane density is asymmetrically maintained on GSCs. Knockdown of exocyst complex subunits or of the exocyst-interacting GTPases Rab5 and Rab11 leads to Notch redistribution from the GSC-niche interface to the cytoplasm, suggesting defects in plasma membrane Notch deposition. The anterior polarity (aPar) protein Par6 is required for GSC proliferation, and for maintaining niche-facing membrane levels of Notch and the exocyst complex. The exocyst complex biochemically interacts with the aPar regulator Par5 (14-3-3ζ) and Notch in C. elegans and human cells. Exocyst components are required for Notch plasma membrane localization and signaling in mammalian cells. Our study uncovers a possibly conserved requirement of the exocyst complex in regulating GSC proliferation and in maintaining optimal membrane Notch levels.

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