scholarly journals قياس اثر الانفاق العسكري في التكوين الرأسمالي الثابت للمملكة العربية السعودية للمدة 1980- 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-115
Author(s):  
Souad A. Qasim ◽  
Wafaa S. Khidir
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag

        ترتب على تزايد حصة النفقات العسكرية الى الناتج المحلي الاجمالي للمملكة العربية السعودية خلال العقود الثلاثة الماضية اثار سلبية على العديد من المتغيرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، الامر الذي حمَل اقتصادها الوطني اعباء كثيرة، تمثلت في تراجع العديد من المؤشرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية نتيجة قلة الفرص الاستثمارية الجديدة، ليظهر تأثير ذلك وبشكل مباشر في التكوين الرأسمالي الثابت، مما حمل الاقتصاد السعودي عبء تكلفة الفرصة البديلة. ووفقا لذلك يسعى البحث الى تسليط الضوء على واقع الانفاق العسكري في السعودية مركزا على الاسباب والدوافع التي تقف وراء الانفاق المتزايد بالاعتماد على فرضية مفادها ان تزايد حصة الانفاق العسكري في الموازنة يعود للوفرة المالية المتأتية من الايرادات النفطية، كما يفترض البحث وجود علاقة تكامل مشترك وعلاقة عكسية في المديين القصير والطويل بين الانفاق العسكري ومتغير التكوين الرأسمالي الثابت. ولغرض تحقيق فرضية البحث تم الاعتماد على منهجية التكامل المشترك باستخدام أنموذج الانحدار الذاتي للإبطاء الموزع (ARDL) Autoregressive Distributed Lag cointegration technique  لقياس اثر الانفاق العسكري في التكوين الرأسمالي الثابت للمملكة العربية السعودية للمدة (1980-2018) ، وخرج البحث بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات منها اثبات وجود اثر سلبي ومعنوي بين الانفاق العسكري والتكوين الرأسمالي الثابت في المديين القصير والطويل. كما توصل البحث الى ان سباق التسلح الذي تخوضه السعودية قد اثقل كاهل الاقتصاد خاصة في ظل ريعية الدولة واعتمادها بشكل شبه كلي على الايرادات المتأتية من النفط مما جعلها اكثر عرضة للصدمات الناتجة عن تقلبات أسعار النفط والتحولات الاقتصادية والسياسية على المستوى العالمي.

Macro-Economic Disequilibrium and Educational Development in Nigeria between 1980-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 20592-21600
Author(s):  
Gbadebo Salako ◽  
Adejumo Musibau Ojo ◽  
Jaji Ayobami Francis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Stationarity Test ◽  
Level I

This study empirically investigates the effects of macroeconomic disequilibrium on educational development in Nigeria. The study employed time series data between 1980 and 2017. Autoregressive Distributed Lag method of estimation was employed. The result revealed that the variables stationarity test were mixed between the first difference I(I) and level I(0). The cointegration result shows that there exist long run relationship between the variables. The result revealed that Balance of payment, Poverty, Debt rate inflation and unemployment exhibited negative relationship with educational development. The estimation result showed that all explanatory variables account for 88% variation of educational development in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that government should fast track policies that can stabilize inflation and exchange rate in the country. Also, Policies must be formulated to reduce poverty and unemployment.

scholarly journals Investment Portfolio, Democratic Accountability, Poverty and Income Inequality Nexus in Pakistan: A Way to Social Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6411
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahid Hassan ◽  
Haider Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim Saeed ◽  
Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb ◽  
Noman Arshed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Short Run

Institutions help to streamline the economic activity-related procedures, where government intervention might be involved. Institutions also play a significant role in social sustainability. The findings using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration for the period from 1984–2019 reveal that investment portfolio and democratic accountability reduce poverty in Pakistan both in the long and short run. Moreover, democratic accountability helps to reduce income inequality, but the investment portfolio’s role is not significant. The literacy rate helps to reduce income inequality, and inflation increases poverty and income inequality. The remittances increase income inequality, and urbanization increases poverty. To eradicate poverty and income inequality, the governments should be accountable for their actions to the general public while they remain in power. If they do not deliver as per their manifestoes, they will not be reelected in the next election. Moreover, there is a dire need to redefine the role of an investment portfolio to reduce the risk of investment. So, investments would increase economic activities and could reduce poverty and income inequality. This study contributes to the literature by inquiring about the role of the investment portfolio and democratic accountability in social sustainability by reducing poverty and income inequality. This study only considers Pakistan’s economy due to limitations of poverty data availability in other countries. The scope could further be broadened by accessing data for a wider Asia region to test the role of the investment portfolio and democratic accountability to reduce poverty and income inequality.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Tourist Expenditure Per Capita in Thailand: Potential Implications for Sustainable Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6550
Author(s):  
Wanvilai Chulaphan ◽  
Jorge Fidel Barahona
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
Per Capita

Tourism authorities in Thailand have consistently pursued profit-seeking mass tourism, resulting in the detriment of the natural resources in major tourist destinations. In response, sustainable tourism projects centered on preserving the environment have been established but neglect the financial needs of tour operators. The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of tourist expenditure per capita in Thailand using a dataset consisting of 31 countries from 2010 to 2017. The analysis was based on an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and used a panel estimated generalized least square (ELGS). Generating such knowledge is essential for tourist authorities to develop profitable and sustainable tourism projects in tourist destinations whose natural resources have been affected by profit-seeking tourism. The tourism expenditure per capita is positively affected by word of mouth, income, and the rising prices in other major tourist destinations in Asia. However, it was negatively affected by relative levels of price and corruption. Sustainable tourism projects can be used to develop activities that will help distinguish Thailand from other tourism destinations in Asia. However, in implementing these sustainable tourism initiatives, the mark-up should be minimized to keep tourist prices in Thailand competitive.

Modelling the economic role of hydropower: Evidence from bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Mufutau Opeyemi Bello ◽  
Sakiru Adebola Solarin ◽  
Yuen Yee Yen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Role ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag
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