scholarly journals Diffuse scattering model for human brain wave (Alpha) propagation prediction during meditation inside a temple, through ray tracing, a hypothetical study

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Madhulika Bharti ◽  
Priyanka Bharti ◽  
Manindra Kumar ◽  
Prashant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Vertical Propagation ◽  
Propagation Prediction ◽  
Building Walls ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Lateral Propagation

Electromagnetic radio waves have been propagating for billions of years through the universe since the beginning of time. Electromagnetic radio wave propagation and the communication revolution it spawned, however are products of the twentieth century. Radio propagation in a particular environment is a complex, multipath phenomenon which involves several different mechanisms. According to a traditional, simplified approach, two  major urban propagation mechanisms are identified over-roof-top (ORT) or vertical propagation (VP), where one major radial path undergoes multiple diffractions on building tops, and lateral propagation (LP) where several rays reflect/diffract all vertical building walls/edges according to the geometrical Optics (GO) rules before reaching the receiver.

4. Windows in the sky

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Geoff Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
The Universe

The atmosphere influences much of what can be seen through a telescope. Most of the atmosphere lies within 16 km from the Earth’s surface. Further out, the air becomes thinner until it merges with outer space. In the ionosphere—a layer 75–1000 km high—neutral atoms are ionized by solar radiation and high-energy cosmic ray particles arriving from distant parts of the Universe. ‘Windows in the sky’ explains electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum from gamma rays through to visible light and radio waves. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that can be polarized. The atmosphere acts as a filter and blocks cosmic electromagnetic radiation. Atmospheric turbulence distorts starlight resulting in ‘twinkling’ stars.

The Innovative Entrepreneur

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Cognitive Diversity ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Walt Disney ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Steve Jobs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Universe

Cognitively diverse project entrepreneurs are the ones most likely to succeed at making a ding in the universe. Project entrepreneurs are more effective because they are more likely to persevere at achieving their project and at undertaking new breakthrough innovations. Cyrus Field, Marconi, Walt Disney, Sam Walton, and Steve Jobs were project entrepreneurs. Innovative entrepreneurs are likely to either know less theory, or to take theory less seriously, which allows them to try what theory says is impossible. For instance, the physics of Marconi’s day said that his radio waves should go straight into space rather than curve with the earth to cross the Atlantic. Conversely, innovative entrepreneurs often have more tacit knowledge. Innovative entrepreneurs pursue serendipitous observations or slow hunches, often through trial-and-error experiments, and may benefit from cognitive diversity, such as dyslexia and Asperger’s syndrome. What inventors and entrepreneurs know is the subject matter of the epistemology of innovation.

scholarly journals High Redshift Radio Galaxies

1996 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 571-576
Author(s):  
K. Meisenheimer ◽  
H. Hippelein ◽  
M. Neeser
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Radio Galaxies ◽  
Early History ◽  
Radio Telescopes ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Travel Distances

One hundred years after G. Marconi recorded radio waves over a distance of more than 1000 m, the most sensitive radio telescopes are able to detect the radio emission from light travel distances at least 1.4 × 1023 times greater. The electromagnetic waves from these distant objects are red shifted by Δλ/λ = z > 4. It is not the mere distance of high redshift objects which is fascinating, but rather the fact that one looks back into the early history of the universe by observing them: Objects at a redshift of 4 shined at a time when the universe had reached only about 1/5 of its present age.

A New Parallel Approach for 3D Ray-Tracing Techniques in the Radio Propagation Prediction

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Mendes Cavalcante ◽  
Marco Jose de Sousa ◽  
Joao Crisostomo Weyl Albuquerque Costa ◽  
Carlos Renato Lisboa Frances ◽  
Gervasio Protasio dos Santos Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
3D Ray Tracing ◽  
Propagation Prediction ◽  
Tracing Techniques

The investigation of the Universe by radio astronomy

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Residual Noise ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
The Universe

Although nearly all the major advances in radio astronomy have taken place during the last fifteen years the basic discoveries were made 30 years ago. At that time Jansky realized that the residual noise in his receiving equipment had a daily sidereal variation and must be the result of radio waves reaching the earth from outer space, and Appleton in the U. K. with Breit and Tuve in America through their studies of the ionosphere laid the foundation of the radio echo techniques of radio astronomy. The radio emission from outer space can be received on earth in the wavelength range from a few millimetres to 10 or 20 metres. The short wave end is limited by absorption in the atmosphere and the long wave end by the ionosphere, and this upper limit tends to vary in sympathy with ionospheric conditions throughout the sunspot cycle. These hindrances will soon be overcome when suitable equipment can be carried in earth satellites; then it should be possible to determine the true wavelength range of these extraterrestrial emissions.

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