scholarly journals Alfa and beta diversity of thrips (Thysanoptera) and biological control agents in chrysanthemum flowers (Chrysanthemum sp.) of two ecoregions in Jujuy province, Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gabriela B. ALEJO ◽  
María I. ZAMAR
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Diversity Profiles ◽  
Rank Abundance

The objectives of this study are to identify thrips and their biological controllers, to analyze their abundance in three flower opening stages stages of chrysanthemum crops, and to determine alpha and beta diversity in two ecoregions of Jujuy province (Argentina). The study was carried out in the Chaco ecoregion (ECH) in October and November 2016, and in the Prepuna ecoregion (EP) in February and March 2018. On each date, six replicates of five flowers were excised in the stages: flower bud , semi-open flower and open flower. Diversity profiles and rank-abundance curves were built, and Jaccard's coefficient of similarity was applied. The diversity profiles showed significant differences in thrips communities. In the ECH, 15 thrips species were identified; the dominant and permanent species were Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Five species were recorded in the EP, although Frankliniella gemina Bagnall and Thrips tabaci Lindeman on their own represented 78% of the total abundance. In the ECH, 20 entomophagous species/morphospecies were recognized, and 19 in the EP; antocorids were dominant in both ecoregions. The thrips and the entomophagous communities of chrysanthemum flowers were different (34%) between the ecoregions studied.

scholarly journals Distribution and Transmission of Iris yellow spot virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 838-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kritzman ◽  
M. Lampel ◽  
B. Raccah ◽  
A. Gera
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Iris Yellow Spot Virus ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Nucleocapsid Gene ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Thrips Population

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), a new tospovirus associated with a disease in onion (Allium cepa) that is known to growers in Israel as “straw bleaching,” was identified and further characterized by host range, serology, electron microscopy, and molecular analysis of the nucleocapsid gene. The transmissibility of IYSV by Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis was studied. IYSV was efficiently transmitted by T. tabaci from infected to healthy onion seedlings and leaf pieces. Two biotypes of F. occidentalis, collected from two different locations in Israel, failed to transmit the virus. Surveys to relate the incidence of thrips populations to that of IYSV were conducted in onion fields. They revealed that the onion thrips T. tabaci was the predominant thrips species, and that its incidence was strongly related to that of IYSV. Forty-five percent of the thrips population collected from IYSV-infected onion and garlic fields in Israel transmitted the virus. IYSV was not transmitted to onion seedlings from infected mother plants through the seed, and was not located in bulbs of infected plants.

scholarly journals Complexity and local specificity of the virome associated with tospovirus-transmitting thrips species.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chiapello ◽  
Lara Bosco ◽  
M. Ciuffo ◽  
S. Ottati ◽  
N. Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Neohydatothrips Variabilis

Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips=WFT) and Thrips tabaci (onion thrips=OT) are insect species that greatly impact horticultural crops through direct damage and their efficient vectoring of tomato spotted wilt virus and iris yellow spot virus. In this study we collected thrips of these species from 12 field populations in various regions in Italy. We also included one field population of Neohydatothrips variabilis (soybean thrips=ST) from the U.S.A. Total RNAseq from high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was used to assemble the virome and then we assigned putative viral contigs to each thrips sample by qRT-PCR. Excluding plant and fungal viruses, we were able to identify 61 viral segments, corresponding to 41 viruses: 14 were assigned to WFT, 17 to OT, one from ST and 9 viruses could not be assigned to any species based on our stringent criteria. All these viruses are putative representative of new species (with only the exception of a sobemo-like virus that is 100% identical to a virus recently characterized in ST) and some belong to new higher-ranking taxa. These additions to the viral phylogeny suggest previously undescribed evolutionary niches. Most of the Baltimore’s classes of RNA viruses were present (positive- and minus- strand and dsRNA viruses), but only one DNA virus was identified in our collection. Repeated sampling in a subset of locations in 2019 and 2020 and further virus characterization in a subset of four thrips populations maintained in laboratory allowed us to provide evidence of a locally persistent thrips core virome that characterizes each population. IMPORTANCE Harnessing the insect microbiome can result in new approaches to contain their populations or the damage they cause vectoring viruses of medical, veterinary, or agricultural importance. Persistent insect viruses are a neglected component of their microbiota. Here for the first time, we characterize the virome associated with the two model systems for tospovirus-transmitting thrips species, of utmost importance for the direct and indirect damage they cause to a number of different crops. The thrips virome here characterized includes several novel viruses, that in some cases reveal previously undescribed clades. More importantly, some of the viruses we describe are part of a core virome that is specific and consistently present in distinct geographical locations monitored over the years, hinting at a possible mutualistic symbiotic relationship with their host.

scholarly journals Diversity and seasonal fluctuation of thrips species on yellow tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
S. He ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
L.L. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Lupinus Arboreus ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species

Yellow tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus) an abundant weed in New Zealand is host to several economically important thrips species The diversity and relative abundance of thrips found on yellow tree lupin were measured weekly via handcollections over the 2008/09 summer at two locations in Canterbury separated by 8 km From the 1540 thrips that were collected and slidemounted eight thrips species were identified The most abundant species was New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus) followed by onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) the lupin strain of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Thrips vulgatissimus Thrips australis Limothrips cerealium Chirothrips manicatus and Tenothrips frici The largest variation in relative abundance occurred in early December with onion thrips dominant at Killinchy and western 64258;ower thrips dominant at Rakaia In late December at Rakaia the dominant species shifted to New Zealand 64258;ower thrips This indicates considerable spatial and temporal variation in relative abundance of thrips species

The risk of exotic and native plants as hosts for four pest thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripinae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Schellhorn ◽  
R.V. Glatz ◽  
G.M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Weed Hosts

AbstractInteractions among insect pests, crops and weeds are well recognised. In fact, the elimination of weed hosts outside of the crop is a common practice to control many insect-vectored viruses. However, little is known about interactions among insect pests, crops and native vegetation, and whether native plants may be used to revegetate areas where weed hosts have been eliminated as part of horticultural management regimes. We used the Northern Adelaide Plains horticultural region (South Australia, Australia) as a model system to study the potential of various plant taxa in hosting four pest thrips (three exotic, one native; Frankliniella occidentalis, F. schultzei, Thrips tabaci and T. imaginis) when located adjacent to, and distant from, horticultural crops. Flower funnels were used for standardised sampling of thrips on flowers from 19 exotic weed and 12 native plant species, representing 13 and three families, respectively. Flowers were sampled monthly over a year, and statistical analyses were performed to identify significant determinants of probability of thrips occurrence and density. Plant family was found to significantly influence both measures for each thrips species. In addition, crop proximity influenced the probability of occurrence for the two Frankliniella species (but only influenced density of the key pest F. occidentalis), and season influenced density of all four pest thrips. All native plant species tested had a low likelihood of hosting the three exotic thrips species. Overall, results suggest that judicious choice of surrounding vegetation has potential to be an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) while increasing biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals Thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with Pitahaya Selenicereus Undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt. Species, population levels and some natural enemies

La Granja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Ketty Meza ◽  
Maria Cusme ◽  
José Velasquez ◽  
Dorys Chirinos
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
International Market ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Marked Preference ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
Predatory Arthropods

The pitahaya, Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R. Hunt (Cactaceae) is a species whose fruit is appetizing for its appearance and flavor, which has increased its demand in the international market. Ecuador has increased its planting reaching 1108 ha. This crop could be affected by pests, such as thrips, whose effects on pitahaya are unknown. During the period February - June 2019, a field study was carried out in the province of Manabí, Ecuador, with the aim of identifying the species of thrips, estimating population levels on the plant, organs (flower bud, flowers, fruits), as well as, determine the percentage of damage and the associated predators. Thrips species and populations were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test (P<0.05). Thrips populations (P <0.05) were correlated with rainfall and a regression analysis was performed between the latter and the percentage of damage to fruits. The most abundant species was Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Populations ranged from 0.3 to 6.0 individuals per plant, which were not correlated with rainfall. The thrips showed a marked preference for flowers. The regression model [Y = 1.87 + 1.04 (X), R2=0.83, P <0.05] showed an increase in fruit damage as a function of thrips populations. Four taxa of predatory arthropods were observed. As far as knowledge goes, this represents the first study on species, population levels, damage from thrips and predators associated with pitahaya.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES ON ONION SEED AND BROCCOLI SEED PRODUCTION IN SOUTHWEST ARIZONA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409a-1409
Author(s):  
Michael D. Rethwisch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Aphid Control

In 1991 and 1992, insecticide trials were conducted on onion and broccoli grown for seed, respectively, near Yuma, Ariz., to evaluate the effects of insects and insecticide treatments on seed production. Four insecticides (Agri-Mek, Ammo, Capture, Lorsban) were evaluated on onions where both western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) were present. Visual differences between treatment resultant from onion thrips damage were evident within 10 days after treatments were applied at flower opening. Lorsban, Ammo, and Capture treatments provided control of onion thrips based on condition of seed heads. Ammo and Capture were the only treatments that increased seed yield, as the Lorsban treatment was thought to repel bees needed for pollination. Pyrethroid treatments yielded 40% more seed than the nontreated check, which yielded more than Lorsban and Agri-Mek treatments. Four insecticide treatments (Thiodan, CGA-215944, and two rates of RH7988) were evaluated on broccoli seed where green peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] was present. All treatments reduced aphid numbers compared to the nontreated check, with RH7988 providing most control. Seed yields (g/plant) were reduced in all insecticide-treated plots compared with the nontreated plots, although percentage of seed sized larger than 4.5/64” was apparently correlated with increased aphid control. Seed yield per plant was higher from the lower rate of RH7988 than the higher rate. Plants treated with RH7988 had almost 0.5 g/plant more seed sized 5.5/64” than other treatments.

scholarly journals Binding of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus to a 94-kDa Thrips Protein

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Kikkert ◽  
Cor Meurs ◽  
Fennet van de Wetering ◽  
Simone Dorfmüller ◽  
Dick Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Virus Binding ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Wilt Virus

Using protein blot assays, a 94-kDa thrips protein was identified that exhibited specific binding to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) particles. Renaturation of the 94-kDa protein, which is conserved among the two major vector species of TSWV, Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci, was crucial for its virus-binding properties, whereas under the same conditions no specific binding was observed with aphid (Myzus persicae) proteins. The 94-kDa protein species was present in all developmental stages of both vectoring thrips, whereas it was present mainly in the adult stage of a nonvectoring thrips species, Parthenothrips dracenae. Using antibodies against the different TSWV structural proteins, the G2 envelope glycoprotein was identified as the viral determinant involved. Because the virus-binding protein is present throughout the thrips body, but not in the gut, it may represent a receptor protein involved during circulation of the virus through its vector but probably not during viral uptake in the midgut.

scholarly journals First Report of Impatiens necrotic spot virus in Ornamental Plants in Hungary

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Tóth ◽  
É. Kriston ◽  
A. Takács ◽  
M. Bajtek ◽  
G. Kazinczi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽  
Necrotic Spot ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Thrips Species

Economically important viruses such as Tomato spotted wilt virus, genus Tospovirus, are transmissible mechanically and mainly by two thrips species (Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis) in Hungary (1). Samples (31) of eight ornamental plant species (Catharanthus roseus, Cyclamen persicum, Dendranthema × grandiflorum, Eustoma grandiflorum, Gerbera sp., Impatiens walleriana, Ocimum basilicum, and Verbena hybrida) were studied. Symptoms including color breaking on flowers and necrotic symptoms on leaves were observed on four samples (C. persicum, I. walleriana, O. basilicum, and E. grandiflorum). Infection by Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) was determined by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA and triple-antibody sandwich-ELISA using antisera obtained from Loewe (Sauerlach, Germany) and the DSMZ. Back inoculation with the F. occidentalis vector was also carried out to Lycopersicon esculentum as indicator plants. Back inoculation was also positive for INSV by symptoms and ELISA. The high amount of ornamental plant production together with the use of virus-infected propagation material and the increasing thrips vector populations may result in significantly increased establishment and distribution of INSV in Hungary. References: (1) M. L. Daughtrey et al. Plant Dis. 81:1220, 1997.

A Survey of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Species Infesting Cotton Seedlings in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Cook ◽  
Charles T. Allen ◽  
Eugene Burris ◽  
Barry L. Freeman ◽  
Gary A. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Tobacco Thrips ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Neohydatothrips Variabilis ◽  
Soybean Thrips

The common species of thrips that are considered pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), include flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch); tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds); western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman); and soybean thrips, Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach). Thrips feeding on cotton seedlings can inhibit plant growth, reduce plant stand, delay crop maturity, and reduce seed-cotton yield. Surveys were conducted in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee to determine the thrips species infesting cotton seedlings during 1996 to 1999. Cotton seedlings were sampled weekly between 7 and 48 days after plant emergence at one to four field sites in each state. Over 12,000 thrips adults were collected using plant washing procedures with 9,005 individuals mounted on slides, and identified to species. The tobacco thrips was the most common species collected in all states, except Georgia, and comprised at least 63% of the thrips adults in all instances, except four. The occurrence of flower thrips and soybean thrips was variable; however, neither species accounted for more than 21% of thrips identified in each state. Western flower thrips accounted for less than 15% of adults collected in all instances except two (28% and 30%) in Louisiana. Also, individual specimens of Thrips nigropilosus Uzel and Anophothrips obscurus Müller were collected in Alabama, and several specimens of Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford) were collected in Arkansas and Louisiana.

scholarly journals Species Composition and Occurrence of Thrips on Tomato and Pepper as Influenced by Farmers’ Management Practices in Uganda

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Ssemwogerere ◽  
Mildred Kathrynn Nyaburu Ochwo-Ssemakula ◽  
Joe Kovach ◽  
Samuel Kyamanywa ◽  
Jeninah Karungi
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Megalurothrips Sjostedti ◽  
Scirtothrips Dorsalis ◽  
Thrips Species

Abstract A biological monitoring survey was carried out in central Uganda for two consecutive seasons to provide information on species composition and occurrence of thrips on tomato and pepper as influenced by farmers’ management practices. A total of 50 farms for each crop participated in the study. Data was collected on cropping system, crop variety, type of pesticide used, pesticide spray regime, and on thrips populations. Results indicated that a total of six thrips species: Frankliniella occidentalis, Thrips tabaci, F. schultzei, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Ceratothrips ericae and Megalurothrips sjostedti infest tomato in the region. Pepper had the same thrips profile with the exception of F. schultzei. There was a distinct seasonal effect on thrips occurrence in the case of tomato. Higher thrips populations (61%) were recorded in the first season of the study as compared to the second. The majority of the thrips were recorded in the flowering stage of crop development for both crops, and 100% in the case of pepper. Generally, for both crops, plants in intercropped arrangements had higher thrips counts than the monocropped ones. Different tomato/pepper varieties sustained variable thrips populations. All the farmers applied pesticides to manage the complex of pests on the crops, albeit to variable extents. In this region, thrips populations were reduced when an increase in the number of pesticide applications in a given week was used.

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