scholarly journals O PAPEL DOS PRECEDENTES JUDICIAIS DIANTE DA (IN)CERTEZA E DA (IN)SEGURANÇA JURÍDICAS: UMA ANÁLISE ARGUMENTATIVA DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DOMINANTE

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo Strätz
Keyword(s):  

O presente trabalho destaca o papel da jurisprudência na interpretação / aplicação do Direito, tanto no sistema da Common Law, onde o precedente judicial sempre ostentou função primordial na resolução dos casos concretos, quanto no Civil Law, em que este fenômeno, embora não tivesse o menor prestígio na formação da tradição romanista, vem gradativamente assumindo um maior protagonismo, sobretudo após a proliferação, observada a partir da Segunda Guerra Mundial, do modelo kelseniano de Corte Constitucional. propõe-se, para tanto, uma reconciliação entre o “caráter argumentativo” do Direito - que explora a “derrotabilidade” (defeasibility) e as “certezas provisórias” do Direito -, de um lado, e o ideal colimado pelo Estado de Direito (Rule of Law), a exigir, de outro lado, previsibilidade e certeza do fenômeno jurídico. A jurisprudência servirá, por conseguinte, como instrumento prático e vivo, à disposição da Teoria da Argumentação Jurídica (TAJ), para atenuar os inconvenientes que decorrem da falta de certeza e de previsibilidade do Direito, bem como para assegurar a “universalizabilidade” da ratio que constitui os precedentes.

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Ruth Levush

The Israeli legal system belongs to the Western legal culture which is based on the rule of law and takes secular, liberal and rational approach that puts the individual at the center. The Israeli legal system has been classified as a “mixed jurisdiction” in that it has traits of both common law as well as civil law systems.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-302
Author(s):  
David F. Forte

In the American system of justice, based on the common law method, the judge enjoys greater independence than do the judges in Civil Law systems. Independence of the judiciary is essential in a system of checks and balances where the more powerful elements of the legislature and the executive must be limited by legally enforced principles. At the same time, judicial independence is constrained within moral limits by a system of positive law rules that direct the judge to make reasoned judgments that he must justify by open opinions.


2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Fullerton Joireman

The question of whether particular types of legal institutions influence the effectiveness of the rule of law has long been answered with conjecture. Common law lawyers and judges tend to believe that the common law system is superior. This opinion is based on the idea that the common law system inherited from the British is more able to protect the rights of the individual than civil law judicial systems. Quite the opposite point of view can be found in lawyers from civil law countries, who may view the common law system as capricious and disorganised. This paper compares the effectiveness of the rule of law in common law and civil law countries in Africa, through a cross-national statistical comparison using Freedom House and Political Risk Services data. The comparison reveals that common law countries in Africa are generally better at providing ‘rule of law’ than are civil law countries.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Achmad Hariri

Pancasila legal system in Indonesia does not seem to have found a final formulation, it is still abstracted from the dominant legal system, namely civil law / rechstaat. In the 1945 Constitution it is clear that Indonesia promulgates as a legal state, although there is no implicit explanation of the legal system which is adopted (rechstaat, the rule of law or the Pancasila legal system), on the other hand Pancasila becomes the ideology and basis of the state, therefore there needs to be a formulation of the Indonesian legal system by deconstructing (reading; dismantling) the Pancasila ideology, so that the Pancasila is not only an ideology, but also as a legal system adopted in Indonesia. Pancasila can be placed in a prismatic postulate, where Pancasila is placed as a counterweight between existing legal systems, the Pancasila legal system can be used as an alternative legal system originating from noble values, legal systems relevant to plural societies are legal pluralism, namely common law configurations who uphold substantive justice, civil law that knows procedural justice, and the Pancasila legal system that upholds social justice. so that the substance of prismatic Pancasila law can be realized, namely justice as its purpose.


Author(s):  
Daniel Berkowitz ◽  
Karen B. Clay

Although political and legal institutions are essential to any nation's economic development, the forces that have shaped these institutions are poorly understood. Drawing on rich evidence about the development of the American states from the mid-nineteenth to the late twentieth century, this book documents the mechanisms through which geographical and historical conditions—such as climate, access to water transportation, and early legal systems—impacted political and judicial institutions and economic growth. The book shows how a state's geography and climate influenced whether elites based their wealth in agriculture or trade. States with more occupationally diverse elites in 1860 had greater levels of political competition in their legislature from 1866 to 2000. The book also examines the effects of early legal systems. Because of their colonial history, thirteen states had an operational civil-law legal system prior to statehood. All of these states except Louisiana would later adopt common law. By the late eighteenth century, the two legal systems differed in their balances of power. In civil-law systems, judiciaries were subordinate to legislatures, whereas in common-law systems, the two were more equal. Former civil-law states and common-law states exhibit persistent differences in the structure of their courts, the retention of judges, and judicial budgets. Moreover, changes in court structures, retention procedures, and budgets occur under very different conditions in civil-law and common-law states. This book illustrates how initial geographical and historical conditions can determine the evolution of political and legal institutions and long-run growth.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-290
Author(s):  
Colm Peter McGrath ◽  
◽  
Helmut Koziol ◽  

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