TEFL in the Postmethod Era

This study aims to review the implementation of steps in teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) from a post-method point of view. The research is an analytical study using a literature review approach to describe the results and to draw conclusions. The results of the literature analysis show that basically there is no fundamental theoretical difference between the method and post-method. Regarding the implementation of teaching English from the post - method point of view, there is no fundamental difference found on the steps of teaching English in methods that existed before the era of post-method. Therefore, the energy of debate between proponents of method and post-method can be directed to find the best and appropriate steps in teaching English to students.

Comparative Study on Very Similar Jeungdoga Scripts through Image Analysis - Fundamental Difference between Treasure No. 758-1 and Treasure No. 758-2 -

Photographic images of the Samseong-version (三省本: Korea’s Treasure No. 758-1) and the Gongin-version (空印本: Korea’s Treasure No. 758-2) of Nammyeongcheon Hwasangsong Jeungdoga (南明泉和尙頌證道歌: Nanmingquan Song Zhengdaoge) were compared and analyzed to investigate the differences between the two versions. According to a report in 2012 at the time of the designation of the Gongin-version as Korea’s treasure, both versions were printed from the same woodblocks. The Gongin-version is presumed to be a later print than the Samseong-version. The two versions are very similar in format and shape of border lines and characters. It is difficult to determine the differences with the naked eye, even for experts. In this study, based on the printing characteristics observed from each version through image analysis, useful evidence to determine whether it was printed using the same or different woodblocks and the order of printing was collected. As a result of careful image comparison and analysis, we concluded that the Samseong- and the Gongin-version were printed from different woodblocks, or possibly different typesetting. It was difficult to agree with the content of the report that the Gongin-version was a later print than the Samseong-version. In addition, it was noted that the Gongin-version print has characteristics quite different from the typical characteristics of woodblock printing seen in the Samseong-version. Additional investigations and follow-up studies on the printing technology used for Gongin-version print and the timing of printing are recommended.

The Existential Relevance of Art for Human Life

What is the relevance of art for human life? This question can be answered if life is understood from life-performance and art from artworks. From this perspective, the human being – understood as a being in a self-researching process – and the work of art – conceived as an experience-figure – show a structural correspondence: a constitutive unfathomability. Both, human being and art, can only be adequately understood as open processes of their respective self- realization. Because of this correlation and, at the same time, considering their fundamental difference, the aesthetic experience enables the human being to objectify the process of self-research. Thus, the existential relevance of art to life becomes concrete in that the aesthetic experience that makes the artwork the unique unfathomability that it is, reveals itself as an excellent path to the process of self-research, which makes human beings the unique unfathomability that he or she is.

MOLECULAR-DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF MIXTURES OF MODIFIED FULLERENES AND 1,8-OCTANDITHIOL

В данной работе мы сообщаем о результатах сравнительного атомистического моделирования двух систем, содержащих функцианализированные фуллерены метилового эфира фенил- C-масляной кислоты (PCBM ) и фенил- C-масляной кислоты (PCBM ) в присутствии растворителя 1,8-октандитиола (ODT). Для реализации расчетов использовался метод молекулярной динамики на базе программного пакета LAMMPS. Зафиксировано принципиальное различие в упаковке молекул PCBM и PCBM . В случае систем с PCBM наблюдается тенденция к постепенному разделению растворителя и фуллеренов. При этом в образцах с PCBM наблюдается тенденция к формированию устойчивых трехмерных сетчатых структур, образованных двумя взаимопроникающими фазами: фуллеренами и молекулами ODT. С целью проверки масштабируемости наблюдаемого структурного упорядочения для смеси PCBM с ODT было выполнено моделирование в ячейке с удвоенным размером ребер. В этом случае мы также наблюдаем формирование биконтинуальных структур из фуллеренов и растворителя. In this work, we report on the results of comparative atomistic modeling of two systems containing functionalized fullerenes of phenyl-C-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM ) and phenyl- C -butyric acid (PCBM ) in the presence of a high-boiling solvent 1,8 -octanedithiol (ODT). The calculations were performed by full atomistic molecular dynamics with using LAMMPS software package. A fundamental difference in the packaging of PCBM and PCBM molecules was detected. In the case of systems with PCBM , there is a tendency towards gradual separation of the solvent and fullerenes. At the same time, in samples with PCBM , there is a tendency to the formation of stable three-dimensional network structures formed by two interpenetrating phases: fullerenes and ODT molecules. In order to check the scalability of the observed structural ordering for the mixture of PCBM with ODT, an additional simulation was performed in a cell with doubled edge size. In this case, we also observe the formation of bicontinual structures from fullerenes and the solvent.

Bharata Muni and Western Dramatic Theory

This Paper highlights a few generalizations about the Western dramatic theory represented by Aristotle and Indian dramatic theory represented by Bharata Muni. The purpose of this paper is not to suggest that Indian theory of drama is superior to the western but is to point out their differences. Obviously there is a fundamental difference between the Western and the Indian modes of thinking. Aristotle’s Western dramatic theory is based on tragedy. On the other hand Bharata Muni’s dramatic theory is based on the Indian theory of Karma. In Bharata’s theory “Rasa” is the sole object of dramatic representation. But there is one interesting point. Whereas western dramatic theory cannot be applied to Sanskrit drama, Bharata’s theory of rasa, as S.C. Sen Gupta. has shown, can be employed with profit in appreciating the western drama. The Paper concluded by suggesting that both the Indian and the Western theories of drama as represented by Bharata and Aristotle respectively have broken down and splintered. In fact, the very idea of tradition, which had sustained these theories, has disappeared from the modern world. Its place is now occupied by individualization and experimentation.

The contrasting shape representations that support object recognition in humans and CNNs

The success of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in classifying objects has led to a surge of interest in using these systems to understand human vision. Recent studies have argued that when CNNs are trained in the correct learning environment, they can emulate a key property of human vision -- learning to classify objects based on their shape. While showing a shape-bias is indeed a desirable property for any model of human object recognition, it is unclear whether the resulting shape representations learned by these networks are human-like. We explored this question in the context of a well-known observation from psychology showing that humans encode the shape of objects in terms of relations between object features. To check whether this is also true for the representations of CNNs, we ran a series of simulations where we trained CNNs on datasets of novel shapes and tested them on a set of controlled deformations of these shapes. We found that CNNs do not show any enhanced sensitivity to deformations which alter relations between features, even when explicitly trained on such deformations. This behaviour contrasted with human participants in previous studies as well as in a new experiment. We argue that these results are a consequence of a fundamental difference between how humans and CNNs learn to recognise objects: while CNNs select features that allow them to optimally classify the proximal stimulus, humans select features that they infer to be properties of the distal stimulus. This makes human representations more generalisable to novel contexts and tasks.

Local Indigenous ways of knowing and learning in the classroom through Community-engaged learning

This paper reflects on the impact of community-engaged learning (CEL) in post-secondary education, as guided by local Indigenous community members, specifically members of the Anishinaabeg Nation and more specifically Mississauga peoples. This CEL way of educating highlights a fundamental difference between Indigenous axiology, where localized relationships and community contributions are paradigm, with traditional Euro-Western hegemonic pedagogies. Within this framework, we hope to contribute to the larger discourse in revising the axiological foundation applied to knowledge within the Academy, based on authentic expressions of an Indigenous way of knowing and learning. We seek to recapitulate the ways that knowledge in the field of anthropology (and post-secondary education in general) is valued and assessed through the first-hand experiences of two cis male Anishinaabe academics, and one cis female Japanese Canadian academic, involved in the development and delivery of community-engaged learning on Turtle Island.

Phenomenological physical foundations of structural dynamics in technical mechanics

The article deals with the problem of forming dynamic thinking in the course of technical mechanics. This problem covers various forms and levels of professional training, including engineering courses in structural mechanics, postgraduate and doctoral studies. The study of this problem in the article is carried out using dynamic concepts in technical physics and metrology. The main method for analyzing this problem is the method and theory of vibroacoustic computational modeling developed by Prof. Hlystunov M.S. The article presents a comparative analysis of the reaction of a cantilever beam to static and dynamic load. The dynamic characteristics of such a beam, including its AFFC, AFC and FFC, resonances and antiresonances, are considered. Then we consider the reaction of the simplest two-rod frame to a dynamic load and its fundamental difference from the reaction to a static load. The article provides detailed mathematical calculations using the corresponding section of operational calculus. The terms, definitions, and mathematical representations used in the article correspond to similar classical concepts that are widely used in metrology, technical cybernetics, and technical physics. The article is provided with the necessary illustrations for a visual representation of the main dynamic characteristics and properties of building structures.

Novoselitsa – “An Insignificant Barrier”

This article focuses on Russian Novoselitsa, a small town on the Russian-Austro-Hungarian-Romanian border, which served as the sole border crossing between Russian Bessarabia and Austrian Bukovina. From 1893 it was also an important railway junction between the two empires. Based on diplomatic documents from the Austrian State Archives, the article discusses Austrian officials’ views of ethnoreligious communities in the region, including Bessarabian Romanians, Jews, Russian Old Believers, and Ukrainians. It also examines the activity of the Austro-Hungarian Consular Agency in Russian Novoselitsa (1869–1914). The authors analyze the attitude of the Austrian officials towards ethnoreligious groups, informal practices on the border, and revolutionary unrest. The Novoselitsa case epitomizes the fundamental difference between the supranational Habsburg Empire and the nationalizing Romanov Empire, but also highlights the similarities between the two regimes. It illustrates the notions of “shatterzone of empires” (Bartov and Weitz 2013) and “thick borders”: Novoselitsa, a periphery with regard to both Vienna and St. Petersburg, was a relatively autonomous space and had its own forms of agency, which expanded much beyond the border itself on both sides of the frontier. Cases of corruption and espionage are especially revealing in regard to the uncertainty and confusion specific to the borderlands, which reigned as much at the center as on the periphery. This case study also provides an interesting perspective on everyday life, emphasizing the peculiarities of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian monarchies, as well as the entanglements between the two entities.

Computational methods of continuum mechanics for exaflop computer systems

Рассмотрены вопросы использования экзафлопсных вычислений для решения прикладных задач. На основе обзора работ в этой области выделены наиболее актуальные вопросы, связанные с экзафлопсными вычислениями. Особое внимание уделено особенностям программного обеспечения, алгоритмам и численным методам для экзафлопсных суперЭВМ. Приведены примеры разработки новых и адаптации существующих алгоритмов и численных методов для решения задач механики сплошной среды. Сделан анализ наиболее популярных приложений The article deals with applied issues which arise when exascale computing are used to solve applied problems. Based on the review of works in this area, the most pressing issues related to exascale calculations are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to software features, algorithms and numerical methods for exaflop supercomputers. The requirements for such programs and algorithms are formulated. Based on the review of existing approaches related to achieving high performance, the main fundamentally different and non-overlapping directions for improving the performance of calculations are highlighted. The question of the necessity for criteria of applicability for computational algorithms for exaflop supercomputers is raised. Currently, the only criterion which is used, demands the absence of a significant drop in efficiency in the transition from a petaflop calculation to a ten-petaflop calculation. In the absence of the possibility of such calculations, simulation modelling can be carried out. Examples of development for new and adaptation of existing algorithms and numerical methods for solving problems of continuum mechanics are given. The fundamental difference between algorithms specially designed for exascale machines and algorithms adapted for exaflops is shown. The analysis of publications has showed that in the field of solving problems of continuum mechanics, the approach not associated with the development of new, but rather with the adaptation of existing numerical methods and algorithms to the architecture of exaflop supercomputers prevails. The analysis of the most popular applications is made. The most relevant application of exaflop supercomputers in this area is computational fluid dynamics. This is because hydrodynamic applications are rich and diverse field. The number of publications indicates that the involvement of high-performance computing now is available and in demand