scholarly journals ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI FREQUENCY DIVERSITY TERHADAP NILAI AVAILABILITY SYSTEM PADA WILAYAH URBAN DAN RURAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Anggi Shabrina
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Frequency Diversity ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Transmission Process ◽  
Microwave Transmission ◽  
Transmission Quality ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Diversity Technique

The widely used transmission media, one of which is transmission media using microwave. Microwaves are still needed today as not all locations allow for network performances using cables, in addition to the influence of small natural disasters, and are more practical to implement in urban and rural areas. But in the use of micro wave transmission there are constraints that can cause the transmission process to experience interference in the process of conveying information. One obstacle that affects transmission of radio waves is the presence of fading effect that causes the decline in the receiving power and damage transmission quality. Therefore, the optimization process is necessary to increase the availability of the microwave communication system. The use of a diversity technique can increase the value of system reliability. In this research the diversity technique used is frequency diversity. The result of the design simulation of microwave transmission network in this study obtained the value of system reliability before using the diversity technique of 99.99348%. Whereas after using frequency diversity technique obtained the result of 99.99934%. The final result of this simulation is as expected by the application of frequency diversity technique will optimize service to users with a system reliability level of 0.00586% more optimal.

scholarly journals Perancangan Jaringan Backhaul Sistem Transmisi Gelombang Mikro Digital Menggunakan Frequency Diversity dan Tanpa Diversity di Wilayah Kepulauan Riau

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Yosy Yosy Rahmawati ◽  
Ade Wahyudin
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Frequency Diversity ◽  
Microwave Transmission ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
Riau Archipelago

The progress of information and communication technology has resulted in a number of villages in Lingga Regency, Riau Islands still feeling the lack of public information due to signal limitations. One of the islands in the spotlight of the government is Pekajang Island. Economically the population of Pekajang Island interacts more with Bangka Island. A considerable distance and very minimal transportation facilities make Pekajang Island isolated. Therefore, to provide ICT services, a backhaul network is needed to support access to ICT services. In the study, a backhaul network of microwave transmission systems has been designed using frequency and diversity without diversity in the Riau archipelago. From the results of the design test using Pathloss 5.0 Simulator, the reliability value of the system that uses frequency diversity is 99.96879% and without diversity is 99.81417%. It can be concluded that the design results of a microwave transmission system using frequency diveristy are feasible to be applied because it has a system reliability value above the threshold based on ITU-R G.827 and F.1703 standards.Perancangan Jaringan Backhaul Sistem Transmisi Gelombang Mikro Digital Menggunakan Frequency Diversity dan Tanpa Diversity di Wilayah Kepulauan Riau

Three hundred years of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) persecution in Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SEITZ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
House Sparrow ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Second World

Modernization of agriculture, economic development and population increase after the end of the Thirty Years' War caused authorities in many parts of Germany to decree the eradication of so-called pest animals, including the House Sparrow. Farmers were given targets, and had to deliver the heads of sparrows in proportion to the size of their farms or pay fines. At the end of the eighteenth century German ornithologists argued against the eradication of the sparrows. During the mid-nineteenth century, C. L. Gloger, the pioneer of bird protection in Germany, emphasized the value of the House Sparrow in controlling insect plagues. Many decrees were abolished because either they had not been obeyed, or had resulted in people protecting sparrows so that they always had enough for their “deliveries”. Surprisingly, various ornithologists, including Ernst Hartert and the most famous German bird conservationist Freiherr Berlepsch, joined in the war against sparrows at the beginning of the twentieth century, because sparrows were regarded as competitors of more useful bird species. After the Second World War, sparrows were poisoned in large numbers. Persecution of sparrows ended in Germany in the 1970s. The long period of persecution had a significant but not long-lasting impact on House Sparrow populations, and therefore cannot be regarded as a factor in the recent decline of this species in urban and rural areas of western and central Europe.

Association of Age, Birth order and Family Income with Psycho-social problems in Rural Adolescents

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Noorul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: The present age is the age of stress. Everybody is disturbed due to one or the other reason irrespective of their age. However, adolescents are more prone to psychological and sociological disturbances.Objectives:To assess the psychosocial problems in adolescents.Methods: The study was conducted in selected schools of urban and rural areas taking 100 participants each for boys and girls using convenient sampling method. The tool used was youth self report. The data collected was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: The study revealed that 48.5% adolescents were well adjusted; 47% were having mild psychosocial problems; 4% had moderate psychosocial problems and 0.5% had severe psychosocial problems.Conclusion: Adolescents irrespective of their living places had varying degrees of psychosocial problems. JMS 2017; 20 (2):90-95

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