scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Prototype Mesin Pengering Gabah Otomatis Menggunakan Metode PID sebagai Kendali Temperatur

Jurnal INFORM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Akhmad Fahruzi ◽  
Ricky Rhamdany
Keyword(s):  

Nilai kadar air gabah pascapanen cukup tinggi sekitar 20-23% pada musim kering dan pada musim hujan sekitar 24-27%. Proses pengeringan gabah setelah panen dengan cara konvensional atau manual dilakukan dengan cara gabah dijemur dibawah panas matahari. Cara tersebut memiliki beberapa kelemahan seperti ketergantungan dengan cuaca, membutuhkan lahan yang luas dan waktu pengeringan 54 jam agar gabah menjadi kering dengan nilai kadar air 14,12%. Dari permasalahan ini, maka peneliti membuat mesin pengering gabah yang dapat berkerja secara otomatis. Mesin pengering dibuat untuk menyelesaikan kelemahan dari pengeringan gabah secara konvensional, sehingga pada mesin ini dilengkapi dengan sensor temperatur termokopel tipe K dan kadar air gabah. Sedangkan untuk media pemanasnya menggunakan api yang berbahan bakar gas LPG yang kemudian panas dari api tersebut dialirkan ke dalam tungku atau tempat pengeringan gabah. Pengaturan pemanas  dilakukan dengan mengatur  aliran gas LPG ke nozzle melalui variabel buka tutup valve dimana poros valve tersebut dihubungkan dengan shaft motor DC. Penerapan metode PID juga digunakan dalam mesin pengering ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengendalikan temperatur pengeringan agar sesuai dengan nilai Set Value (SV) atau temperatur yang diinginkan yaitu 38OC. Sedangkan nilai kadar air gabah dianggap telah kering jika nilai kadar air gabah tersebut adalah 14%. Metode PID yang ditanamkan ke dalam mikrokontroler ATmega16 akan memberikan sinyal ke rangkaian driver motor untuk mengatur arah putaran motor DC yang terhubung dengan variabel buka tutup valve. Pengujian metode PID dilakukan secara trial error dan telah menghasilkan error steady state sebesar 5,2% pada SV= 38OC dengan nilai konstanta Kp=2, Ki=2 dan Kd=10. Sedangkan untuk pengujian pengeringan pada gabah kering panen (GKP) dilakukan dengan memilih gabah jenis Ciherang dengan kadar air 20% dan berat 3Kg. Proses pengeringan gabah tersebut membutuhkan waktu 30 menit agar nilai kadar airnya menjadi 14% dengan temperatur pengeringan 38OC, sehingga laju pengeringan gabah pada mesin ini adalah 0,17% per menit.

Author(s):  
R. C. Moretz ◽  
G. G. Hausner ◽  
D. F. Parsons

Use of the electron microscope to examine wet objects is possible due to the small mass thickness of the equilibrium pressure of water vapor at room temperature. Previous attempts to examine hydrated biological objects and water itself used a chamber consisting of two small apertures sealed by two thin films. Extensive work in our laboratory showed that such films have an 80% failure rate when wet. Using the principle of differential pumping of the microscope column, we can use open apertures in place of thin film windows.Fig. 1 shows the modified Siemens la specimen chamber with the connections to the water supply and the auxiliary pumping station. A mechanical pump is connected to the vapor supply via a 100μ aperture to maintain steady-state conditions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Lan ◽  
Yuan Peng Du ◽  
Songlan Sun ◽  
Jean Behaghel de Bueren ◽  
Florent Héroguel ◽  
...  

We performed a steady state high-yielding depolymerization of soluble acetal-stabilized lignin in flow, which offered a window into challenges and opportunities that will be faced when continuously processing this feedstock.


2008 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo D. Sontag

This paper discusses a theoretical method for the “reverse engineering” of networks based solely on steady-state (and quasi-steady-state) data.


1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
E. Dahi ◽  
E. Lund
Keyword(s):  

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Owen ◽  
John Patterson ◽  
Richard B. Silberstein

Summary Research was undertaken to determine whether olfactory stimulation can alter steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) topography. Odor-air and air-only stimuli were used to determine whether the SSVEP would be altered when odor was present. Comparisons were also made of the topographic activation associated with air and odor stimulation, with the view toward determining whether the revealed topographic activity would differentiate levels of olfactory sensitivity by clearly identifying supra- and subthreshold odor responses. Using a continuous respiration olfactometer (CRO) to precisely deliver an odor or air stimulus synchronously with the natural respiration, air or odor (n-butanol) was randomly delivered into the inspiratory airstream during the simultaneous recording of SSVEPs and subjective behavioral responses. Subjects were placed in groups based on subjective odor detection response: “yes” and “no” detection groups. In comparison to air, SSVEP topography revealed cortical changes in response to odor stimulation for both response groups, with topographic changes evident for those unable to perceive the odor, showing the presence of a subconscious physiological odor detection response. Differences in regional SSVEP topography were shown for those who reported smelling the odor compared with those who remained unaware of the odor. These changes revealed olfactory modulation of SSVEP topography related to odor awareness and sensitivity and therefore odor concentration relative to thresholds.


1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias M. Mueller ◽  
Terence W. Picton ◽  
Scott Makeig ◽  
Livio Narici ◽  
John W. Rohrbaugh ◽  
...  

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