Active sandwich panels are an example of smart noise attenuators and a realization of hybrid active-passive approach for the problem of broadband noise reduction. The panels are composed of thin elastic faceplates linked by the core of a lightweight absorbent material of high porosity. Moreover, they are active, so piezoelectric actuators in the form of thin patches are fixed to their faceplates. Therefore, the passive absorbent properties of porous core, effective at high and medium frequencies, can be combined with the active vibroacoustic reduction necessary in a low frequency range. Important convergence issues for fully coupled finite-element modeling of such panels are investigated on a model of a disk-shaped panel under a uniform acoustic load by plane harmonic waves, with respect to the important parameter of the total reduction of acoustic transmission. Various physical phenomena are considered, namely, the wave propagation in a porous medium, the vibrations of elastic plate and the piezoelectric behavior of actuators, the acoustics-structure interaction and the wave propagation in a fluid. The modeling of porous core requires the usage of the advanced biphasic model of poroelasticity, because the vibrations of the skeleton of porous core cannot be neglected; they are in fact induced by the vibrations of the faceplates. Finally, optimal voltage amplitudes for the electric signals used in active reduction, with respect to the relative size of the piezoelectric actuator, are computed in some lower-to-medium frequency range.
Finite Element Modeling of the Buckling Response of Sandwich Panels
