scholarly journals Reliability of Ankle Isometric, Isotonic, and Isokinetic Strength and Power Testing in Older Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C. Webber ◽  
Michelle M. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Homogeneous Sample ◽  
Ankle Strength ◽  
Absolute Reliability

BackgroundAnkle strength (force-generating capacity) and power (work produced per unit of time or product of strength and speed) capabilities influence physical function (eg, walking, balance) in older adults. Although strength and power parameters frequently are measured with dynamometers, few studies have examined the reliability of measurements of different types of contractions.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine relative and absolute intrarater reliability of isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic ankle measures in older women.DesignThis was a prospective, descriptive methodological study.MethodsThe following dorsiflexion (DF) and plantar-flexion (PF) measures were assessed twice (7 days apart) by the same examiner in 30 older women (mean age=73.3 years, SD=4.7): isometric peak torque and rate of torque development (RTD), isotonic peak velocity, average acceleration and peak power, and isokinetic peak torque and peak power (30°/s and 90°/s). Several statistical methods were used to examine relative and absolute reliability.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the DF tests (ICC=.76–.97) were generally higher than ICCs for matched PF tests (ICC=.58–.93). Measures of absolute reliability (eg, coefficient of variation of the typical error [CVTE]) also demonstrated more reliable values for DF tests (5%–18%) compared with PF tests (7%–37%). Isotonic peak velocity tests at minimal loads were associated with the lowest CVTE and ratio limits of agreement values for both DF (5% and 14%, respectively) and PF (7% and 18%, respectively). Isometric RTD variables were the least reliable (CVTE=16%–37%).LimitationsThis study was limited to a relatively homogeneous sample of older women.ConclusionsTest-retest reliability was adequate for determining changes at the group level for all strength and power variables except isometric RTD. Minimal detectable change scores were determined to assist clinicians in assessing meaningful change over time in ankle strength and power measurements within individuals.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of Instrumented Postural Sway Measures Recorded in Community Settings in Independent Living Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader Alqahtani ◽  
Patrick J. Sparto ◽  
Susan L. Whitney ◽  
Susan L. Greenspan ◽  
Subashan Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Absolute Reliability

Abstract Background: In the last few decades, research related to balance in older adults has been conducted in lab-based settings. The lack of portability and high cost that is associated with the current gold standard methods to quantify body balance limits their application to community settings such as independent living facilities. The purpose of the study was to examine the relative and absolute reliability and the convergent validity of static standing balance performance using an accelerometer device . Methods: A total of 131 participants (85% female, mean age 80 ± 8 years) were included for the validity aim, and a subsample of 38 participants were enrolled in the reliability testing (89% female, mean age 76 ± 7 years). The root-mean-square (RMS) and normalized path length (NPL) for sway in antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions were calculated for different standing balance conditions. Test-retest reliability was assessed over two testing visits occurring one week apart using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for relative reliability, and the minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated for the absolute reliability. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test convergent validity at baseline between balance measurements and related mobility measures. Results: Reliability of balance performance using accelerometers was good to excellent with ICC values ranging from 0.41 to 0.83 for RMS sway and from 0.49 to 0.82 for NPL sway. However, the ICC during semi-tandem stance in A-P direction was 0.35, indicating poor reliability. The MDC of the sway measurements ranged from 2.4 to 9.4 for the RMS and 5.2 to 13.8 for the NPL. Balance measurements were correlated with mobility measurements. Conclusions: Using a portable accelerometer to quantify static standing postural control provides reliable measurements in community settings.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of Instrumented Postural Sway Measures Recorded in Community Settings in Independent Living Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader Alqahtani ◽  
Patrick J. Sparto ◽  
Susan L. Whitney ◽  
Susan L. Greenspan ◽  
Subashan Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Absolute Reliability

Abstract Background: In the last few decades, research related to balance in older adults has been conducted in lab-based settings. The lack of portability and high cost that is associated with the current gold standard methods to quantify body balance limits their application to community settings such as independent living facilities. The purpose of the study was to examine the relative and absolute reliability and the convergent validity of static standing balance performance using an accelerometer device. Methods: A total of 131 participants (85% female, mean age 80 ± 8 years) were included for the validity aim, and a subsample of 38 participants were enrolled in the reliability testing (89% female, mean age 76 ± 7 years). The root-mean-square (RMS) and normalized path length (NPL) for sway in antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions were calculated for different standing balance conditions. Test-retest reliability was assessed over two testing visits occurring one week apart using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for relative reliability, and the minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated for the absolute reliability. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test convergent validity at baseline between balance measurements and related mobility measures. Results: Reliability of balance performance using accelerometers was good to excellent with ICC values ranging from 0.41 to 0.83 for RMS sway and from 0.49 to 0.82 for NPL sway. However, the ICC during semi-tandem stance in A-P direction was 0.35, indicating poor reliability. The MDC of the sway measurements ranged from 2.4 to 9.4 for the RMS and 5.2 to 13.8 for the NPL. Balance measurements were correlated with mobility measurements. Conclusions: Using a portable accelerometer to quantify static standing postural control provides reliable measurements in community settings.

Discriminatory Ability of Lower-Extremity Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development in the Identification of Older Women With Slow Gait Speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hellen Morcelli ◽  
Dain Patrick LaRoche ◽  
Luciano Fernandes Crozara ◽  
Nise Ribeiro Marques ◽  
Camilla Zamfolini Hallal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Functional Gait ◽  
Hip Extension ◽  
Torque Development

The aim was to compare torque and rate of torque development of lower limb muscles between older women with functional and slow gait speeds to determine which muscle group is the best predictor of functional gait speed, and to establish strength thresholds needed for functional walking speed. Torque and rate of torque development of hip, knee, and ankle muscles were measured in older women who were divided in 2 groups according to gait speed: slow gait speed (<1.22 m·s−1) and functional gait speed (≥1.22 m·s−1). For each muscle group, 3 maximal isometric contractions were performed, and peak torque and rate of torque development were recorded. Older women with slow gait speed had lower peak torque than older women with functional gait speed for hip extension (28%), knee flexion (15%), knee extension (14%), and plantar flexion (16%) (allPs < .05). Older women with slow gait speed had lower peak rate of torque development for hip flexion (29%), hip extension (37%), knee flexion (34%), knee extension (33%), and plantar flexion (19%) (allPs < .05). Knee extension peak rate of torque development and hip extension peak torque were the better predictors of functional gait speed with thresholds of 2.96 N·m·s−1·kg−1and 1.26 N·m·kg−1, respectively.

Test–Retest Reliability of Biodex System 4 Pro for Isometric Ankle-Eversion and -Inversion Measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gediminas Tankevicius ◽  
Donata Lankaite ◽  
Aleksandras Krisciunas
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
And Inversion

Context:The lack of knowledge about isometric ankle testing indicates the need for research in this area.Objective:to assess test–retest reliability and to determine the optimal position for isometric ankle-eversion and -inversion testing.Design:Test–retest reliability study. Isometric ankle eversion and inversion were assessed in 3 different dynamometer foot-plate positions: 0°, 7°, and 14° of inversion. Two maximal repetitions were performed at each angle. Both limbs were tested (40 ankles in total). The test was performed 2 times with a period of 7 d between the tests.Setting:University hospital.Participants:The study was carried out on 20 healthy athletes with no history of ankle sprains.Main Outcome Measures:Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1); minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated using a 95% confidence interval. Paired t test was used to measure statistically significant changes, and P <.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Eversion and inversion peak torques showed high ICCs in all 3 angles (ICC values .87–.96, MDC values 3.09–6.81 Nm). Eversion peak torque was the smallest when testing at the 0° angle and gradually increased, reaching maximum values at 14° angle. The increase of eversion peak torque was statistically significant at 7 ° and 14° of inversion. Inversion peak torque showed an opposite pattern—it was the smallest when measured at the 14° angle and increased at the other 2 angles; statistically significant changes were seen only between measures taken at 0° and 14°.Conclusions:Isometric eversion and inversion testing using the Biodex 4 Pro system is a reliable method. The authors suggest that the angle of 7° of inversion is the best for isometric eversion and inversion testing.

scholarly journals Effect of Compression Garments on Physiological Responses After Uphill Running

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Struhár ◽  
Michal Kumstát ◽  
Dagmar Moc Králová
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Ankle Strength ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Limited practical recommendations related to wearing compression garments for athletes can be drawn from the literature at the present time. We aimed to identify the effects of compression garments on physiological and perceptual measures of performance and recovery after uphill running with different pressure and distributions of applied compression. In a random, double blinded study, 10 trained male runners undertook three 8 km treadmill runs at a 6% elevation rate, with the intensity of 75% VO2max while wearing low, medium grade compression garments and high reverse grade compression. In all the trials, compression garments were worn during 4 hours post run. Creatine kinase, measurements of muscle soreness, ankle strength of plantar/dorsal flexors and mean performance time were then measured. The best mean performance time was observed in the medium grade compression garments with the time difference being: medium grade compression garments vs. high reverse grade compression garments. A positive trend in increasing peak torque of plantar flexion (60o·s-1, 120o·s-1) was found in the medium grade compression garments: a difference between 24 and 48 hours post run. The highest pain tolerance shift in the gastrocnemius muscle was the medium grade compression garments, 24 hour post run, with the shift being +11.37% for the lateral head and 6.63% for the medial head. In conclusion, a beneficial trend in the promotion of running performance and decreasing muscle soreness within 24 hour post exercise was apparent in medium grade compression garments.

scholarly journals Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of hand held dynamometry and isokinetic dynamometry in the hip, knee and ankle joint: systematic review and meta-analysis

Open Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Chamorro ◽  
Susan Armijo-Olivo ◽  
Carlos De la Fuente ◽  
Javiera Fuentes ◽  
Luis Javier Chirosa
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Cosmin Checklist ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Intra Class Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Absolute Reliability

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to establish absolute reliability and concurrent validity between hand-held dynamometers (HHDs) and isokinetic dynamometers (IDs) in lower extremity peak torque assessment. Medline, Embase, CINAHL databases were searched for studies related to psychometric properties in muscle dynamometry. Studies considering standard error of measurement SEM (%) or limit of agreement LOA (%) expressed as percentage of the mean, were considered to establish absolute reliability while studies using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were considered to establish concurrent validity between dynamometers. In total, 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The COSMIN checklist classified them between fair and poor. Using HHDs, knee extension LOA (%) was 33.59%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 23.91 to 43.26 and ankle plantar flexion LOA (%) was 48.87%, CI 35.19 to 62.56. Using IDs, hip adduction and extension; knee flexion and extension; and ankle dorsiflexion showed LOA (%) under 15%. Lower hip, knee, and ankle LOA (%) were obtained using an ID compared to HHD. ICC between devices ranged between 0.62, CI (0.37 to 0.87) for ankle dorsiflexion to 0.94, IC (0.91to 0.98) for hip adduction. Very high correlation were found for hip adductors and hip flexors and moderate correlations for knee flexors/extensors and ankle plantar/dorsiflexors.

Intersession Reliability of Isokinetic Strength Testing in Knee and Elbow Extension and Flexion Using the BTE PrimusRS

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Törpel ◽  
Tim Becker ◽  
Angelina Thiers ◽  
Dennis Hamacher ◽  
Lutz Schega
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Isokinetic Testing ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Isokinetic Strength Testing ◽  
Absolute Reliability

Context:The use of isokinetic dynamometers playing an important role in different settings of sports and medicine. Therefore, a high reliability of these devices is required. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the intersession reliability of the dynamometer BTE PrimusRS regarding to the isolated single-joint exercises extension/flexion of the knee and elbow for isokinetic testing. Design: Intersession reliability. Setting: Clinical settings and sports science. Participants: 16 young male students. Intervention: The testing protocol includes 5 consecutive repetitions (concentric/concentric) at a velocity of 60°/s for the exercises. Main Outcome Measures: Raw data of torque curves were used to determine the peak torque. Reliability was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the limits of agreement (LoA), and the bias and the variability of measurements (V). Results: High ICC values (.954-.991) were found for the used exercises. However, the LoAs yielded up to over 16 Nm and the V yielded up to nearly 9 % in several testing exercises, indicating poor absolute reliability. Conclusion: The BTE PrimusRS shows good to excellent reliability. However, regarding the absolute measures of reliability, the users must decide as experts in their fields whether this reliability is sufficient for their purposes.

Reliability of a Novel Testing Protocol to Assess Upper-Body Strength Qualities in Elite Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran P. Young ◽  
G. Gregory Haff ◽  
Robert U. Newton ◽  
Jeremy M. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Peak Displacement ◽  
Velocity Peak ◽  
Force Peak

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of an isometric-bench-press (IBP) test performed across 4 elbow angles and a ballistic bench throw (BBT) using a relative load, as well as evaluating the reliability of the dynamic strength index (DSI: BBT peak force/IBP peak force).Methods:Twenty-four elite male athletes performed the IBP and a 45% 1-repetition-maximum BBT on 2 separate days with 48 h between testing occasions. Peak force, peak power, peak velocity, peak displacement, and peak rate of force development (PRFD) were assessed using a force plate and linear position transducer. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation (ICC), coefficient of variation (%CV) and typical error.Results:Performance measures in the BBT, such as peak force, peak velocity, peak power, and peak displacement, were considered reliable (ICC = .85–.92, %CV = 1.7–3.3), while PRFD was not (ICC = .43, %CV = 4.1). Similarly, for the IBP, peak force across all angles was considered reliable (ICC = .89–.97, %CV = 1.2–1.6), while PRFD was not (ICC = .56–.65, %CV = 0.5–7.6). The DSI was also reliable (ICC = .93, %CV = 3.5).Conclusions:Performance measures such as peak force in the IBP and BBT are reliable when assessing upper-body pressing-strength qualities in elite male athletes. Furthermore, the DSI is reliable and could potentially be used to detect qualities of relative deficiency and guide specific training interventions.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural translation and validation of the Spanish version of the patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis subscale of the KOOS (KOOS-PF)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Martinez-Cano ◽  
Daniel Vernaza-Obando ◽  
Julián Chica ◽  
Andrés Mauricio Castro
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Minimal Important Change ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to translate to Spanish the patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis subscale of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS-PF) and validate this Spanish version of a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for patellofemoral pain. Results The KOOS-PF was translated to Spanish and sixty patients with patellofemoral pain and/or osteoarthritis accepted to complete the questionnaire. 1-week later 58 patients answered the questions again for the test–retest reliability validation and finally 55 patients completed 1-month later for the responsiveness assessment. The Spanish version showed very good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.93) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.82). Responsiveness was confirmed, showing a strong correlation with the global rating of change (GROC) score (r 0.64). The minimal detectable change was 11.1 points, the minimal important change was 17.2 points, and there were no floor or ceiling effects for the score.

Reliability of scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt measurements using a modified digital inclinometer in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Da-In An ◽  
Jung-Eun Park ◽  
Chang-Hyung Lee ◽  
Soo-Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Absolute Measurement ◽  
Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Subacromial Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Subacromial Impingement ◽  
Digital Inclinometer ◽  
Posterior Tilt ◽  
Standard Error Of Measurement ◽  
Absolute Reliability ◽  
Anterior Posterior

BACKGROUD: Reliable scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt data are required for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). Only a few studies have explored the reliability of such measurements derived using a modified inclinometer. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relative and absolute reliability of scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt measurements derived using a modified digital inclinometer in patients with SIS. METHOD: Seventeen SIS patients were assessed twice within 1 week. We determined the relative and absolute measurement reliability by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Both intra- and interrater reliability were determined. RESULTS: The intra-rater reliability (both measurements) was high (0.72–0.88), and the interrater ICC was high to excellent (0.72–0.98). Clinically acceptable SEM and MCID values were obtained for scapular upward rotation (SEM: 4.28–9.33∘, MCID: 5.1–11.3∘) and anterior-posterior tilt (SEM: 3.72–7.55∘, MCID: 2.5–10.8∘). CONCLUSIONS: Measurements of scapular upward rotation and anterior-posterior tilt using a modified digital inclinometer reliably reveal scapular position and kinematics in patients with SIS.

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