The Role of Iron Adequacy for Maternal and Fetal Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Ali Sungkar
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Hereditary Disorders

Nearly half of pregnant women in the world are reported to suffer anemia. And most of them are caused by iron deficiency, while the others by folate, vitamin B12 or vitamin A deficiency, chronic inflammation, parasite infections and hereditary disorders. Anemia in pregnant women is characterized when < 11 g / dL or any time during pregnancy. And when followed by low iron, it's called iron deficiency anemia. Iron plays an important role in many metabolic processes by transporting oxygen and allowing cells to generate energy. Low iron levels during pregnancy leading to anemia, related to an heightened risk of mother and fetus disease. Iron deficiency anemia can affect fetal development and persist long-term, while mild and serious pregnancy anemia can lead to premature birth, maternal and child mortality, bleeding, and infectious disease. The iron requirement during pregnancy exceeds 1000 mg for red cell expansion, 300 mg – 350 mg for developing fetus and placenta, and 250 mg for variable blood loss at delivery. Iron adequacy during pregnancy can be assured by proper nutrition, iron supplementation and fortification, and intravenous iron or blood transfusion. Iron supplementation is only enough to cover the prenatal iron requirements. Summary: Iron deficiency leading to anemia, rising risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. To meet increasing iron requirements during pregnancy including iron supplementation, fortification of staple iron foods, and intravenous iron or blood transfusion if required.

scholarly journals A study for efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose in iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2280
Author(s):  
Divyani Agrawal ◽  
Deepa Lokwani Masand
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Ferric Carboxymaltose ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy

Background: Anemia is one of the common manageable problem among the pregnant women worldwide, which contributes to maternal and perinatal mortality. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with intravenous iron sucrose in treating anemia during pregnancy. Objective of this study was to compare safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose with intravenous ferric sucrose in iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.Methods: It’s an interventional prospective study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at NIMS, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India constituting of 100 pregnant women. Group 1- 50 pregnant women were treated with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and Group 2: 50 pregnant women were treated with intravenous iron sucrose. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were measured pre and post treatment with parenteral iron therapy. The efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in comparison to intravenous iron sucrose was assessed. The evaluation of safety and tolerance with the parenteral therapy was also performed.Results: Anemia during pregnancy was more prevalent among the reproductive age group and in multiparous women. The mean rise in the hemoglobin level with ferric carboxymaltose was 2.92 gm/dl and with that of iron, sucrose was 1.08 gm/dl. The man rise in the serum ferritin levels with ferric carboxymaltose was 64.97ng/ml and with iron sucrose was 31.64 ng/ml. Ferric carboxymaltose was observed to be safer with no adverse events in comparison to the Iron sucrose which was related with adverse events among 03 pregnant women.Conclusions: Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose was more efficacious and safer in comparison to intravenous iron sucrose among pregnant women. Hence, ferric carboxymaltose is the drug of choice in treatment of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Disease with True Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Amstad Bencaiova ◽  
Alexander Krafft ◽  
Roland Zimmermann ◽  
Tilo Burkhardt
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Anemia Treatment ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective.We assess and compare the efficacy of anemia treatment in pregnant women with anemia of chronic disease with true iron deficiency and in women with iron deficiency anemia.Study Design.Fifty patients with moderate anemia (hemoglobin 8.0–9.9 g/dl) and iron deficiency (ferritin < 15 μg/l) were treated in the Anemia Clinic at the Department of Obstetrics.Results.All patients showed stimulation of erythropoiesis as evidenced by an increase in reticulocyte count at day eight of therapy and showed an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit at the end of therapy (p<0.001). The target hemoglobin (≥10.5 g/dl) was achieved in 45/50 women (90%). 12 patients showed anemia of chronic disease with true iron deficiency (12/50; 24%). Seven women (7/12; 59%) with anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency responded well to anemia treatment. 50% of women with anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency (3/6) responded well to intravenous iron, and 67% (4/6) responded well to the combination of intravenous iron and recombinant human erythropoietin.Conclusion.Because of frequent true iron deficiency in pregnant women with anemia of chronic disease, anemia of chronic disease in pregnancy is often falsely diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Iron Supplementation Effects on Plasma Lipid Levels in Pregnant Women

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Safa F. Omer ◽  
Suaad Elnour ◽  
GadAllah Modawe
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Backgrounds: Iron supplementation is most widely used approach of controlling the global problem of iron deficiency anemia especially in pregnant anemic women. Anemia is one of the most frequent complications related to pregnancy. Normal physiological changes in pregnancy affect the hemoglobin (Hb), Epidemiological studies have shown high serum iron concentrations following abnormal levels of blood lipids are risk factors for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Both iron deficiency anemia and dyslipidaemia are widely prevalent public health problems, especially in the Sudanese pregnant women. Objectives: The aim of present study was to measure the serum level of lipids profile in anemic pregnant women compared to non anemic pregnant women. Methodology and Study Population: The analytical case control study conducted in obstetrics and gynecology centre, Omdurman city, Khartoum state. One hundred subjects known with 50 pregnant anemic as case groups and 50 non anemic pregnant  women as control groups were enrolled in this study, with  match age and sex,  the age ranged between (20 to 40 years) and their mean (31.7±4.34). The serum lipid profile was analyzed using spectrophotometric method. Results: The (mean±SD) of Hb, HDL, LDL, TG and TC in anemic pregnant women respectively were (68.15±9.35, 46.06±9.62, 114.14±36.86, 170.38±54.57. 197.16±46.83). While the (mean±SD) of Hb, HDL, LDL, TG and TC in non anemic pregnant women respectively were (79.76±7.22, 47.44±9.65, 140.00±40.76, 189.72±37.89, 224.38±45.09). The concentration of Hb was highly significantly decrease in anemic pregnant compare to non anemic pregnant women with p value (p=0.000). The level serum of LDL, TG and TC were significantly decrease in anemic pregnant compare to non anemic pregnant women with p value (p= 0.001, 0.042, 0.004) respectively.  The age of study population were no correlation with serum LDL(r= -0.155, p= 0.283), HDL(r= -0.019, p=0.898) and TC (r=0.68, p=0.640). And also their positive correlation between age and serum TG (r= 0.286, P=0.044). Conclusion: The anemic pregnant women had a significantly decreased of Hb and serum LDL, TG and TC and also their positive correlation between age and serum TG.

scholarly journals Iron Deficiency Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4008
Author(s):  
Dagmara Mahadea ◽  
Ewelina Adamczewska ◽  
Alicja Ewa Ratajczak ◽  
Anna Maria Rychter ◽  
Agnieszka Zawada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD has been associated with numerous symptoms and complications, with the most common being iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Iron deficiency in IBD is caused by inadequate intake, malabsorption (including duodenal involvement and surgical removal), and chronic blood loss by mucosal ulcerations. Therefore, an appropriate diet should be enforced. Iron deficiency and iron supplementation have been associated with alterations to gut microbiota. IBD-associated anemia, in particular iron deficiency anemia, is associated with a significant decrease in quality of life and with clinical symptoms such as chronic fatigue, headaches and dizziness, reduced exercise tolerance, pale skin, nails, conjunctiva, and fainting. However, despite these numerous adverse symptoms, IDA remains undertreated. The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) guidelines state that patients should be monitored for anemia. Adequate treatment, whether oral or intravenous, should be implemented while taking into consideration C-reactive protein values (CRP), hemoglobin levels, and therapeutic response. It should be stressed that every case of anemia in IBD patients should be treated. Intravenous iron formulations, which are more superior compared to the oral form, should be used. There is a need to increase awareness and implementation of international guidelines on iron supplementation in patients with IBD.

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