A Novel Method of Crude Oil Water-Cut Detection Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion

In the study of the foundation of the oil / water wax deposition experiment, the emulsification characteristics of crude oil emulsion with high wax content have gradually become the hot research area. In the current research of emulsification characteristics of oil/water emulsion, the attention has been focused on the study of the effects of water cut, stirring speed, particle size distribution on the viscosity of waxy crude oil emulsion in the experiment, in which heavy oil and simulated oil are adopted as the working fluids. In this study, the emulsion with different water cut and stirred by different speed was prepared under three different temperature conditions, the temperature above the wax appearance temperature (WAT), near the WAT, and below the WAT. The polarization microscope and rotary viscometer were applied to measure the effects of the particle size of the dispersed phase and waxy crystal distribution on the oil/water emulsion viscosity. The results suggest that preparing the temperature for crude oil emulsion with high wax content has an important influence on the emulsion microstructure. This study lays the foundation for further study of oil/water two phase dynamic wax deposition experiments.

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Effects of crude oil-water emulsions at various water-cut on the performance of the centrifugal pump

International Journal of Oil Gas and Coal Technology ◽

10.1504/ijogct.2017.10006355 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Sayed A. Bellary ◽

Md. Hamid Siddique ◽

Abdus Samad ◽

Jitendra S. Sangwai ◽

Bohyun Chon

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Centrifugal Pump ◽

Oil Water ◽

Water Cut

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Crude oil water-cut sensing with disposable laser ablated and inkjet printed RF microfluidics

2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium (IMS2014) ◽

10.1109/mwsym.2014.6848658 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G. McKerricher ◽

D. Conchouso ◽

B. S. Cook ◽

I. Foulds ◽

A. Shamim

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Oil Water ◽

Water Cut

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Corrosion behavior of X65 steel in CO2-saturated oil/water environment of gathering and transportation pipeline

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials ◽

10.1108/acmm-02-2019-2081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 671-682

Author(s):

Yuanpeng Cheng ◽

Yu Bai ◽

Shanfa Tang ◽

Dukui Zheng ◽

Zili Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Corrosion Product ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Water Environment ◽

Content Type ◽

X65 Steel ◽

Corrosion Scales ◽

Oil Water ◽

Water Cut

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the corrosion behavior of X65 steel in the CO2-saturated oil/water environment using mass loss method, potentiodynamic polarization technique and characterization of the corroded surface techniques. Design/methodology/approach The weight loss analysis, electrochemical study and surface investigation were carried out on X65 steel that had been immersed in the CO2/oil/water corrosive medium to understand the corrosion behavior of gathering and transportation pipeline steel. The weight loss tests were carried out in a 3 L autoclave, and effects of water cut and temperature on the CO2 corrosion rate of X65 steel were studied. Electrochemical studies were carried out in a three-electrode electrochemical cell with the test temperature was 60°C, and the CO2 partial pressure was 1 atm by recording open circuit potential/time and potentiodynamic polarization characteristics. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of corrosion product scales were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The phases of corrosion product scales were investigated using x-ray diffraction. Findings The results showed that due to the wetting and adsorption of crude oil, the corrosion morphology of X65 steel changed under different water cuts. When the water cut of crude oil was 40-50 per cent, uniform corrosion occurred on the steel surface, accompanied by local pitting. While the water cut was 70-80 per cent, the resulting corrosion product scales were thick, loose and partial shedding caused platform corrosion. When the water cut was 90 per cent, the damaged area of platform corrosion was enlarged. Crude oil can hinder the corrosion scales from being dissolved by the corrosive medium, and change dimension and accumulation pattern of the crystal grain, thickness and structure of the corrosion scales. Under the corrosion inhibition effect of crude oil, the temperature sensitive point of X65 steel corrosion process moved to low temperature, appeared at about 50°C, lower corrosion rate interval was broadened and the corrosion resistance of X65 steel was enhanced. Originality/value The results can be helpful in selecting the applicable corrosion inhibitors and targeted anti-corrosion measures for CO2-saturated oil/water corrosive environment.

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Effect of Emulsion in Sudanese Crude Oil PalougeField ,Melute Basin.

Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology ◽

10.52981/jfst.vi6.607 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 89-98

Author(s):

Tagelsir Awad Ahmed Digno

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Pour Point ◽

Interesting Case ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Oil Water ◽

The Republic ◽

Temperature Shear ◽

Oil Emulsions ◽

Water Cut ◽

Comprehensive Study

The study was conducted in Palouge Field in Malute Basin Block 3&7 located in the Republic of South Sudan This paper discusses problems related to oil emulsions that have been encountered in Palouge Field. Oil samples collected from 17 Oil Gathering Manifold (OGM), viscosities range from 106cP to over 8159cP (@ 50ºCand API gravities ranged from 13 to 25. Emulsion from 2 up to 33and water cut form (7% water cut to over 77%), Pour Point 30 to 420 .These properties provide an interesting case of operational problems in oil water separation.The main causes of emulsion formation in the investigated fields were water cut, temperature, shear, Pour Point, demulsifier dosage and mixing different crudes. The results show a strong correlation ofPour Point (Paraffinic content which lead to stabilized emulsion)in the crude oil with the water-oil separation index or emulsion tightness. Recommendations are made for reducing and optimizing demulsifier dosage by adding chemical additives,and further comprehensive study should be done to determine the compounds which lead to stabilized emulsion for example Naphthenic compound and Asphaltenic.

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Loss Coefficient for Viscous Mixtures of Light and Heavy Crude Oil in Y-Junctions

Volume 3: Operations, Monitoring and Maintenance; Materials and Joining ◽

10.1115/ipc2016-64372 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Andres Piñero ◽

Elionora Caldera ◽

Manuel Borregales ◽

Miguel Asuaje

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Viscous Fluids ◽

Energy Losses ◽

Heavy Crude Oil ◽

Oil Viscosity ◽

Cfd Simulations ◽

Two Phase ◽

Oil Water ◽

Heavy Crude ◽

Water Cut

One of the challenges of transporting highly viscous crude oil is to ensure that the flow of oil will be delivered. It is also necessary to keep the operational standards and conditions along sections of pipes and fittings. Today, with low oil prices, it is important to minimize energy losses through the pipelines and accessories. However, new designs are often based on correlations that have not been developed for heavy oil water mixtures and are not frequently reported in the literature. Moreover, conventional calculations do not take into account the presence of accessory lines, or simply consider by empirically adding an extra percentage of energy loss or according to the engineer design test. Even more, the current correlations that could estimate accessory loss do not work well for viscous fluids and are even less suitable for the case of two-phase mixtures. For example, Gardel correlation [1] was made for water flow through yee type accessories. Applying this correlation to viscous fluids result in high deviations, more than 500% compared to CFD simulations. The present work attempts to predict the fluid dynamics behavior and the energy losses of these viscous fluids and mixtures (oil - water) going through a Yee type confluence. All simulations were carried out using ANSY CFX® v14.5. Mesh number of elements was optimized using Pipe-It® (optimization software). A grid independence study was also carried out automatically in Pipe-It® to ensure the quality of results. Several conditions have been simulated: angle confluence of 45°–75°, diameter ratio 2–7, oil viscosity from 10 to 105 cP, and water cut of 0–1. As the main result, a correlation that predicts the behavior of viscous mixtures in their passage through yee type confluences was developed using a genetic algorithms technique [2]. This correlation takes into account: viscosity, fluid fractions, input speeds, confluence angle and other parameters that are not normally considered by other authors. Therefore, it may be used in mixtures of water with light and heavy crude oil. Finally, correlations with 10% deviation compared to CFD simulations were obtained.

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