scholarly journals NEPRUŽANJE ZDRAVSTVENE SKRBI KAO POVREDA ČLANKA 3. EUROPSKE KONVENCIJE S POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA PRAKSU SUDA U PREDMETIMA IZVAN KONTEKSTA ZADRŽAVANJA

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-104
Author(s):  
Maša Marochini Zrinski ◽  
Karin Derenčin Vukušić

The European Convention on Human Rights, as a main Council of Europe instrument for the protection of civil and political rights, does not guarantee the right to health care. However, the European Court of Human Rights broadly interprets Convention rights, and within the context of Articles 2, 3 and 8 of the Convention it gave certain indications that it might start dealing with the issue of health care. Without going into details of all the mentioned articles, this paper will analyse cases where the Court dealt with the issue of violation of Article 3 due to non-provision of health care outside the context of detention. Namely, within the context of detention, there is a clear obligation for states to provide health care, and the Court often relies on the reports of the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. What we consider important to point out is the Court’s case-law on providing health care outside the context of detention, given the social character of the right to health care, which goes beyond the civil and political character of the Convention.

2016 ◽  
pp. 1147-1165
Author(s):  
Bogusław Sygit ◽  
Damian Wąsik

The aim of this chapter is describing of the influence of universal human rights and civil liberties on the formation of standards for hospital care. The authors present definition of the right to life and the right to health. Moreover in the section it is discussed modern standards of hospital treatment under the provisions of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality. The authors discuss in detail about selected examples realization of human rights in the treatment of hospital and forms of their violation. During the presentation of these issues, the authors analyze a provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and use a number of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights issued in matters concerning human rights abuses in the course of treatment and hospitalization.


2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiner Michel

AbstractThis article objects to two major economistic shortcomings of Philippe Van Parijs’s Real Freedom for All: (1) Van Parijs claims that market prices are the best metric for equal real freedom. This is challenged. Market prices admittedly are the best instrument for distributive purposes at hand. They are, however, a means of transport for supply and demand contingendes. Hence market prices are to be considered as an insufficient metric for equal freedom. (2) Van Parijs claims that Real Freedom for All is all there is to social justice. This claim is rejected. Despite its demanding egalitarian ambition, Real Freedom for All fails to protect a flourishing human life. Basic human rights like the right to social recognition and, in part, the right to health care are violated. Curiously even the right to autonomy is in want of full protection. These lacks are caused by the monetarism and the Straightforward market optimism of Real Freedom for All.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1337-1342
Author(s):  
Yuliya Nazarko ◽  
Oleksandr Iliashko ◽  
Natalіa Kaminska

Introduction: The right to health is exercised through a complex system of state and social measures of legal, economic, social, scientific, cultural, educational, organizational, technical, sanitary and hygienic nature, aimed at preserving and improving the health of people , lengthening the life expectancy and working capacity, creating good living and working conditions, providing physical and mental development for children and young people, and preventing and managing illnesses and their treatment. The aim: Investigate the international legal and constitutional legal regulation of the right to health care in the countries of the European Union. Materials and methods: The article analyzes the Constitution of the European Union, a number of international legal acts and judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. Review: Each country defines the conditions for realizing the right to health care, according to which people should be healthy, the state itself assumes the obligations of the controller and the protection of this right. These provisions should primarily be enshrined in the Basic Laws - the constitutions. The main direction of state policy in reforming social relations is the achievement of European international legal standards in all spheres of public life. These standards fix the principles, guarantees of norms that determine the scope of human rights, in particular the right to health care. Conclusions: The main problem of ensuring and realizing the right to health in the European Union, as in many countries, is the financing of this industry, because in general, it is impossible to talk about free medical care in the European Union. There are also problems in the field of investment in health care. The urgent issues of primary health care and public health and the elderly dependence period.


Author(s):  
Raymond Wacks

Privacy is acknowledged as an essential human right, recognized by a number of international declarations, among which the European Convention on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights are the most significant. Interpreting these provisions, the European Court of Human Rights provides important guidance in respect of the attempt to balance privacy against competing rights and interests, and this is briefly discussed. Leading decisions of the courts of various jurisdictions illustrate the problems of definition and the attempt to balance privacy against other competing rights. Cases before the US Supreme Court have generated an enormous, divisive debate concerning, in particular, the subject of abortion, which the Court has conceived to be an element of the right to privacy. A discussion of the celebrated US Supreme Court judgement in Roe v Wade is fundamental to an analysis of the meaning and limits of individual privacy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-244
Author(s):  
Jamil Ddamulira Mujuzi

Human rights treaties (including Article 14(6) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (iccpr); Article 3 of the Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; and Article 10 of the American Convention on Human Rights) explicitly protect the right to compensation for wrongful conviction or miscarriage of justice. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights is silent on this right. The Human Rights Committee, the European Court of Human Rights, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights have developed rich jurisprudence on the ambit of the right to compensation for wrongful conviction or miscarriage of justice. States have adopted different approaches to give effect to their obligation under Article 14(6) of the iccpr. Relying on the practice and/or jurisprudence from States in Africa, Europe, North America, Asia, and Latin America and on the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee, the European Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the article illustrates the approaches taken by some States to give effect to Article 14(6) of the iccpr and the relevant regional human rights instruments.


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlos Eleftheriadis

Do we have a legal and moral right to health care against others? There are international conventions and institutions that say emphatically yes, and they summarize this in the expression of “the right to health,” which is an established part of the international human rights canon. The International Covenant on Social and Economic Rights outlines this as “the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health,” but declarations such as this remain tragically unfulfilled. According to recent figures, roughly two billion people lack access to essential drugs or to primary health care. Millions are afflicted by infections and illnesses that are easily avoidable or treatable. In the developing world many children die or grow stunted and damaged for lack of available treatments. Tropical diseases receive little or no attention by the major pharmaceutical companies’ research departments. Is this a massive violation of the right to health? And if so, why does it attract so little attention? Is it because our supposed commitment to human rights and the rule of law is hypocritical and hollow? Or is it because the right to health is a special case of a right, so that these tragedies are no violation at all? Jennifer Prah Ruger summarized this puzzle when she wrote: “one would be hard pressed to find a more controversial or nebulous human right than the right to health.” In this essay I discuss three different theories of a right to health care. I conclude by offering my own reconstruction of one such theory.


Author(s):  
Bogusław Sygit ◽  
Damian Wąsik

The aim of this chapter is describing of the influence of universal human rights and civil liberties on the formation of standards for hospital care. The authors present definition of the right to life and the right to health. Moreover in the section it is discussed modern standards of hospital treatment under the provisions of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality. The authors discuss in detail about selected examples realization of human rights in the treatment of hospital and forms of their violation. During the presentation of these issues, the authors analyze a provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and use a number of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights issued in matters concerning human rights abuses in the course of treatment and hospitalization.


Author(s):  
Andrew Yu. KLYUCHNIKOV

The 1950 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is an instrument for the dynamic development of the human rights system in the member states of the European Council. Such an active formation of the latter is due to the activities of the European Court of Human Rights. However, the case-law of the court is not always accepted in national jurisdictions, especially when it comes to the most sensitive areas of life in modern societies. As the goal of the research, the author sets out the identification of the current approach of this international court to the problem of social rights of convicts, especially in the context of ensuring their social rights. The material for the research was the case-law of the ECHR on the social rights of citizens - with special attention to the rights of persons in places of isolation from society, the legal positions of domestic researchers on the problem posed. The author uses traditional research methods - general scientific and special, with an emphasis on historical, social and legal methods. The paper describes the stages of the international soft law sources formation on penitentiary rules and the impact on this of the ECHR practice in the context of the discrimination standarts prohibition regarding the right of ownership and violation of the forced (compulsory) labor prohibition. A common European standard “the right of a convicted person to retire” has not yet been developed, which has been confirmed in the practice of the ECHR. This decision is due to the need to maintain the effectiveness of the entire convention system, the policy of compromises with states. Through the dynamic interpretation of the ECHR, this right is recognized as an element of the convention rights protection, the convict should be granted an increasing amount of social rights.


2020 ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Екатерина Вячеславовна Киселева ◽  
Ольга Сергеевна Кажаева

В практике Европейского Суда по правам человека есть ряд решений, затрагивающих проблему абортов, последние из которых на октябрь 2020 г. были вынесены в марте 2020 г. (дела Гриммарк против Швеции и Стин против Швеции). Хотя права на аборт в Европейской конвенции по правам человека 1950 г. нет, такие дела рассматриваются, в частности, в контексте права на жизнь (как правило, беременной женщины, но не нерожденного ребенка), права на неприкосновенность частной жизни (как правило, беремен ной женщины, но не, например, отца нерождённого ребенка), свободы вероисповедания (как правило, медицинского работника, отказывающегося от проведения аборта по соображениям совести и обычно не защищаемого Судом) и др. Примечательно, что при вы несении решений по делам об абортах Суд de facto опирается на концепцию так называемых соматических прав человека и чем дальше, тем менее утруждает себя поиском действительного баланса между различными правами человека, оказывающимися в со прикосновении в связи с абортом. Теория о соматических правах человека как правах человека четвертого поколения исходит из мировоззренческого признания права человека на распоряжение собственным телом, чему способствует быстрое развитие биомедицины, биоинженерии и промышленного производства, но противоречит Православному вероучению. В настоящей статье раскрываются основные положения, относящиеся к так называемым соматическим правам человека, особенно репродуктивным, отмечается их расхождение с христианским отношением к жизни и телу человека, приводятся три при мера дел Европейского Суда по правам человека, связанных с абортами, которые свидетельствуют о тенденции признания «права на аборт» в целом и, в частности, в качестве более приоритетного, чем защита свободы вероисповедания, если речь идет об отказе от проведения аборта по соображениям совести медицинского работника. The caselaw of the European Court of Human Rights contains a range of decisions touching upon the problem of abortions. The latest of such decisions, as of October 2020, were issued in March 2020 (Grimmark v. Sweden and Steen v. Sweden). Although there is no right to abortion in the European Convention on Human Rights, the abortion cases are being taken by the Court, inter alia, in context of the right to life (usually that of the pregnant woman, but not of the unborn child), right to respect for private life (usually that of the pregnant woman, but not, e. g. of the father of the unborn child), freedom of religion (usually that of a health care worker refusing to carry out an abortion and generally being left without the protection of the Court), etc. It is notable that, when deciding the abortion cases, the Court de facto employs the concept of the so called somatic human rights and tends recently not to trouble itself with seeking the real balance between the different human rights that become intertwined in connection with abortion. The theory of somatic rights as of fourth generation human rights emanates from the world outlook accepting rights of a person to disposal of one’s body supported by the rapid development of bio medicine, bioengineering and industrial production, but being in contradiction with the Orthodox faith. The present article reveals the basic provisions related to the so called somatic rights, especially reproductive rights, notes their incongruity with the Christian attitude towards a human life and body, brings three examples of the European Court’s of Human Rights cases connected with abortions, that witness a tendency to accept ‘a right to abortion’ generally and, in particular, as a more prioritized one than the protection of the freedom of religion, if the matter concerns the conscientious abjection to carry out an abortion on the part of the health care worker.


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