scholarly journals Studies on the technology of direct causticizing process by ferric oxide. Part 2. Properties of white liquor and black liquor in alkaline pulping. 3. Specific heat and heating value of high solids black liquor.

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1143-1149
Author(s):  
Haruo Tsukamoto ◽  
Teruyoshi Matsuda ◽  
Mitsuaki Kubota ◽  
Michihiro Nakura
TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
PASI NIEMELAINEN ◽  
MARTTI PULLIAINEN ◽  
JARMO KAHALA ◽  
SAMPO LUUKKAINEN

Black liquor high solids (about 80%) concentrators have often been found to suffer from aggressive corrosion. In particular, the first and second effect bodies are susceptible to corrosion attacks resulting in tube leaks and wall thinning, which limit the availability and lifetime of evaporator lines. Corrosion dynamics and construction materials have been studied extensively within the pulp and paper industry to understand the corrosion process. However, it has been challenging to identify root causes for corrosion, which has limited proactive measures to minimize corrosion damage. Corrosion of the first phase concentrator was studied by defining the potential regions for passive area, stress corrosion cracking, pitting corrosion, and general corrosion. This was achieved by using a technique called polarization scan that reveals ranges for the passive area in which the equipment is naturally protected against corrosion. The open circuit potential, also known as corrosion potential, and linear polarization resistance of the metal were monitored online, which allowed for definition of corrosion risks for stainless steel 304L and duplex stainless steels 2205 and SAF 2906. An online temperature measurement added insight to the analysis. A process diagnostics tool was used to identify root causes of the corrosion attacks. Many of the root causes were related to process conditions triggering corrosion. Once the metal surface was activated, it was difficult to repassivate the metal naturally unless a sufficient potential range was reached.


1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Nakano ◽  
Shuichi Nagato ◽  
Michihiro Nakura

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2220-2223
Author(s):  
Lan Ge ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Rui Feng Yang ◽  
Yan Jun Liu

The black liquor contains a large amount of suspended solids, organic pollutants and toxic substances, the black liquor discharged directly into water bodies will lead to serious pollution. So we regards the alkaline pulping black liquor as a research object, using autoclave to heat the mixture of aluminum chloride and soda black liquor lignin. By changing the heating temperature and the pH before the heat treatment, we analyze the lignin and carbohydrates in the cooking liquid to study cleavage situation and the corresponding structural changes. The results show that the lignin content accompanied the increase in temperature, organic matter content decreased and part of the decomposition of organic matter. Without adjusting pH, the lignin content is small and ash (inorganic) content is higher.


CORROSION ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Harold C. Templeton

Abstract Allowable corrosion rates for equipment with low corrosion tolerance are discussed. Corrosion case histories in the various pulping processes are presented. Sulfite pulping solutions are most frequently-handled in 316 material. Stainless 316 is used because of good resistance to local attack under scale or deposits. In alkaline pulping, soda process digesters are usually made of carbon steel with heater tubing of either carbon steel or Type 316 alloy. Kraft digesters are commonly carbon steel, though many units are partially to wholly lined with alloy materials. Type 316 most frequently. Stainless 316 is used for heater piping, strong black liquor piping and green liquor piping. Carbon steel is most frequently used for weak black liquor. Corrosion in groundwood pulping varies greatly depending on wood being ground, water supply and treating chemicals added. Stainless 304 and 316 alloys are used frequently, both to resist corrosion and reduce contamination. Chlorine and hypochlorite bleaching usually pose severe corrosion problems. Hastelloy C alloy is most commonly used for high strength solutions. In more dilute solutions the molybdenum-bearing. stainless steels are satisfactory. Chlorine dioxide is even more corrosive to metals than hypochlorite, and some operators have replaced Hastelloy C with titanium. 8.5.3


2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 416-420
Author(s):  
Jarot Hari Astanto ◽  
Dwi Aris Himawanto ◽  
D. Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana ◽  
Dwi Astuti

This research aims to obtain the effect of adding additives on the mixture of 80% methanol (96%) 20% ethanol (10%) that is based on the combustion characteristics as shown by the spaces: specific gravity at 60/60oF, heating value, flash point, kinetic viscosity at 40°C and the specific heat Cp. The method used to determine the effect of adding additives on the mixture of 80% methanol (96%) 20% ethanol (10%) is water boiling test (WBT) start cold and laboratory testing which includes heating value test, specific gravity test, kinetic viscosity test, flash point test. The results showed that the mixture of 80% methanol (96%) 20% ethanol (10%) with the addition of 33.4 ml (500 ml/60 liters of fuel) of additives Top One Power Booster get the temperature of the flame burning at the base is 479°C, the temperature of the flame burning in the middle is 383°C, boiling time (97°C) 1 kg of water is 3 minutes 22 second, fuel consumption is 90 ml, found puddles on kaviti 0.25 ml. It can be concluded that the additives Top One Octane Booster OB-4.5 in the form of caplets/solid containing heavy metals Pb (lead) so it does not dissolve in a mixture of 80% methanol (96%) 20% ethanol (10%), the addition of 33.4 ml of additive Top One Power Booster in a mixture of 80% methanol (95%) 20% ethanol (10%) to increase the heating value, the kinetic viscosity, specific heat and degrade the specific gravity, density and flash point.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document