scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Azithromycin using Oxidative Coupling Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Maadh T. Abdulrahman ◽  
Ihab M. Rashid ◽  
Nashwan H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
The Stability

For determining the azithromycin (AZT) in medicinal and pure formulas, a simple spectrophotometric technique was developed. An approach suggested is dependent on an AZT’s oxidative coupling reaction by sodium period (SPI) and 4-amino antipyrine (AAP) producing a pink colored compound with optimum absorption of 480 nm. Different experimental parameters are extensively researched and mastered, which affects the stability of a colored product formed, then developed. The law of the Beer is obeyed over its concentration range 3 to 44 ppm, whereas the limit of detection and quantification is 0.1908 and 0.5726 ppm, respectively, for a connection factor (r) = 0.9998. Also calculated are the molar absorption of 8.23 × 103 L/mol.cm, and the sensitivity index for Sandell is 7 × 10-5 mg/cm2. A method’s accuracy and precision are tested by also determining a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 0.645 percent, and 100.189 percent average recovery. Practically possible external interferences about a calculation for AZT are checked in drug tablets. The results demonstrated that the procedure for determining AZT was successful in its application in pharmaceutical preparations. Comparing the literature survey that shows good sensitivity and selectivity, the reliability of the proposed method is chalked in.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Using 4-Nitroanilline by Oxidative Coupling Reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 0194
Author(s):  
Al-rashidy Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Suggested Method ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽  
Relative Standard

A simple, rapid spectrophotometric method has been established for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) in its pure form and in a tablet formulations. The  suggested  method  is  based  on  the  oxidative coupling  reaction  with4-nitroainlline using KIO3 in acidic solution to produce a violet colored product with maximum absorption at λ=526 nm.The  analytical data  obtained  throughout  this  study  could  be  summarid  as  follows:  1ml of 1M HCl (pH=2.2), 1 ml  of  4-nitroanilline (1x10-2M), and 1.5ml  of (1x10-2)KIO3 per 25 ml reaction medium. The order of additions, coupling reaction time, and temperature in addition to the type of solvent were studied. The Beer′s law is obeyed over the concentration range of(5–40) µg ml-1, but the detection limit and quantification limit are 0.34 besides 1.03 µg ml-1 respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) for the calibration graph was found to be 0.9980, molar absorptivity of 10. 25 × 103 L.mol -1.cm-1, and Sandell′s sensitivity index of 0.03467 µg.cm-2. The precision and accuracy of the method were tested by calculating the percentage of relative standard deviation (RSD%) (<1.831%) and the average recovery percent (99.22%) average error percent Erel%(0.558). Direct and standard addition procedures were applied to both standards and specimens of pharmaceutical and the results indicate that the suggested method was successfully applied for the determination of CPZ.

scholarly journals New Spectrophotometric Methods for Estimation of Diosmin in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Batch and FIA Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 3804-3815
Author(s):  
Mayasa Mansour Mohammed ◽  
Sadeem Subhi Abed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Batch Method ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Determination Range

A new attempt is made to determine diosmin (DIO) in its pure form and in dietary supplements by using spectrophotometric flow injection analysis (FIA) assay method conjugated with batch method. The analysis was achieved depending on the oxidative coupling reaction with N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) to form a green dye which is measured at wavelength of 677 nm. The tested methods were found to be economical, delicate, precise and sturdy. The validation variables of the batch and FIA methods gave linearity in the determination range of DIO (1-35) μg/mL and (5-120) μg/mL demonstrated calibration graphs with linearity coefficient  values of  r2 =0.9989 and r2 =0.9991, respectively. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) values were found to be (0.8463 and 1.022) μg/mL, while limits of detection (LOD) were (0.2539 and 0.3067) µg/mL for the two methods, respectively. The  precision for the developed methods denoted by relative standard deviation (RSD %), were 0.386 and 0.55 %, while the accuracy based on recovery values (Rec %) were 100.273 and 100.24, respectively. The relative error (RE %) was less than 1% for the batch method and (1.1%) for the FIA method. The values of these parameters were observed to fall within the specified accepted limits; therefore, the tested methods seem to be adequate for the analysis of DIO in pharmaceutical preparations.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Bisacodyl in Pure and Pharmaceutical Preparation via Oxidative Coupling Organic Reaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric way is used to determine Bisacodyl in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method depends on using 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine as chromogenic reagent . The method was based on the oxidative coupling reaction of Bisacodyl with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine with Sodium periodate in the presence of sodium hydroxide as alkaline media to form red water soluble dye product , that has a maximum absorption at ?max 522nm . Beer ,s law is obeyed in the concentration of (2.00–20.00) ?g.ml -1 .The molar absorptivity is (6505) L.mol-1.cm-1,a sandall sensitivity of(0.0555) ?g.cm-2), correlation coefficient of (0.9970) , Limitof detection (LOD) (0.0312 ?g.ml-1), limit of Quantitation (LOQ) (0. 3125 ?g.ml-1) and the relative standard deviation of RSD% (1.6). The method gave a successful determination for Bisacodyl in pharmaceutical preparations and the value of recovery % was better than (100.16%)

scholarly journals Oxidative Coupling Reaction for Micro Trace Analysis of Mebendazol Residual with p-bromoaniline in Presence of n- bromosuccinimide

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 0780
Author(s):  
Takleef Sallal ◽  
Sumayha Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Rapid, reproducible and accurate method has been developed for the assay for of mebendazol (MBZ) residual assay. The method is based on alkaline hydrolysis of MBZ with sodium hydroxide then oxidation with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) followed by coupling with 4-Bromoaniline (4-BA) to yield a highly colored product absorbed at maximum 434 nm. Regression analysis of linearity range was found (0.6-2.8) µg.ml-1.  The optimum conditions that affect the oxidation were studied. The developed method was found to be precise with mean value of relative standard deviation (1.153- 1.303) and accurate with relative error (-0.5940-1.7821) .The calculated molar absorptivity and sandal sensitivity values of (29825 L.mol-1.cm-1), 0.0099 µg.cm-2 respectively.  The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were of 0.04696, 0.156548 µg.ml-1 respectively .The suggested method showed good recovery with a mean value of 100.77% for analysis of dosage forms.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Using 4-Nitroanilline by Oxidative Coupling Reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0194
Author(s):  
Al-rashidy Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Suggested Method ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽  
Relative Standard

A simple, rapid spectrophotometric method has been established for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) in its pure form and in a tablet formulations. The  suggested  method  is  based  on  the  oxidative coupling  reaction  with4-nitroainlline using KIO3 in acidic solution to produce a violet colored product with maximum absorption at λ=526 nm.The  analytical data  obtained  throughout  this  study  could  be  summarid  as  follows:  1ml of 1M HCl (pH=2.2), 1 ml  of  4-nitroanilline (1x10-2M), and 1.5ml  of (1x10-2)KIO3 per 25 ml reaction medium. The order of additions, coupling reaction time, and temperature in addition to the type of solvent were studied. The Beer′s law is obeyed over the concentration range of(5–40) µg ml-1, but the detection limit and quantification limit are 0.34 besides 1.03 µg ml-1 respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) for the calibration graph was found to be 0.9980, molar absorptivity of 10. 25 × 103 L.mol -1.cm-1, and Sandell′s sensitivity index of 0.03467 µg.cm-2. The precision and accuracy of the method were tested by calculating the percentage of relative standard deviation (RSD%) (<1.831%) and the average recovery percent (99.22%) average error percent Erel%(0.558). Direct and standard addition procedures were applied to both standards and specimens of pharmaceutical and the results indicate that the suggested method was successfully applied for the determination of CPZ.

scholarly journals Rapid and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of the Trace Amount of Thallium (III) in Water and Urine Samples by New Oxidative Coupling Reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmarajaiah Nagaraja ◽  
Naef Ghllab Saeed Al-Tayar ◽  
Anantharaman Shivakumar ◽  
Ashwinee Kumar Shresta ◽  
Avinash K. Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Student’S T

A very simple, sensitive and fairly selective direct spectrophotometric method is presented for the rapid determination of thallium(III) at trace level. The method is based on the oxidation of 2-hydrazono-3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole hydrochloride (MBTH) by thallium(III) in phosphoric acid medium to form a diazoniumcation, which couples immediately with 10,11-dihydro-5Hdibenzo[b,f]azepine (IDB) at room temperature giving a blue colored species having a maximum absorption at 660 nm. The reaction conditions and other important analytical parameters were optimized.The calibration curve was found to be linear over the range of 0.1-4 μg/mL with molar absorptivity of 4.5 × 104 L mol- cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity of 0.00454 μg cm-2. The relative standard deviation and limit of detection have been found to be 0.58% and 0.0147 μg/mL respectively. Almost all common anions and cations are found notto interfering in matrix level of the analytical process. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of thallium(III) in synthetic standard mixtures, water and human urine samples. The performance of proposed method was evaluated in terms of student’s t-test and variance ratio F-test, to find out the significance of proposed method over the reported methods.    

scholarly journals FLOW INJECTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF NARINGENIN IN SUPPLEMENTS USING SOLID-PHASE REACTOR CONTAINING IMMOBILIZED MANGANESE DIOXIDE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Israa M Jawad Al Mashhadani ◽  
Sadeem Subhi Abed
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Dioxide ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Solid Phase Reactor ◽  
Colored Product

Objective: Naringenin (NAR) is a part of the human daily diet, and it plays an important role in human health for its biological functions. This study describes a new, sensitive, simple, and accurate method for determining NAR in supplements.Methods: The method is based on oxidative coupling reaction between NAR and N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine in an alkaline medium using manganese dioxide immobilized in cellulose acetate as online oxidant agent to form a colored product which can be monitored at λ max598 nm. Results: Several operating parameters such as reactor column length, particles size, chemicals, and physicals reaction conditions were studied. The proposed method was sensitive and good repeatable, the linear range of NAR concentration was from 1 to 70 μg/ml with a limit of detection of 0.292 μg/ml, and recovery range of analysis was 99.55–100.48%. Conclusion: The proposed method was successfully applied for determining NAR in supplements.

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