scholarly journals Spatial distribution and increase of microplastics over time in sediments of Buenaventura Bay, Colombian Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Daniela Vásquez ◽  
Andres Molina ◽  
Guillermo Duque
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Marine Communities ◽  
Density Separation ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Over Time

The increase in production, consumption and inadequate disposition of plastics has generated an accumulation of these elements in marine ecosystems, which have become important microplastics sinks (< 5 mm). The objective of this research was to determine the temporal and spatial differences in the density, distribution, and type of microplastics in the sediments of Buenaventura Bay. For this purpose, sediment samples were collected in the internal estuary (close to the rivers) and in the external estuary (with a greater marine influence). Samples were obtained in the dry, transition, and rainy season for the years 2015 and 2019. Microplastics were extracted by density separation method, each particle was classified and measured by optical microscopy. Density ranged from 11 to 1,354 particles/kg, with averages of 194.9 ± 51.3 and 359.6 ± 88.0 particles/kg for the years 2015 and 2019, respectively, reporting an increase of 84.4 %. The internal estuary presented a higher density in both years and the fibers constituted the most common form of microplastic particles, with 63.7 % for 2015 and 56.03 % for 2019. The presence and increasing accumulation of microplastics generates risks and adverse effects for the marine communities; additionally it coul compromise the food safety for coastal human populations.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and increase of microplastics over time in sediments of Buenaventura Bay, Colombian Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-78
Author(s):  
Liliana Gómez ◽  
Alejandro Zapata ◽  
Zelma Corona ◽  
Yailyn Álvarez ◽  
José Bouza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Marine Communities ◽  
Density Separation ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Over Time

The increase in production, consumption and inadequate disposition of plastics has generated an accumulation of these elements in marine ecosystems, which have become important microplastics sinks (< 5 mm). The objective of this research was to determine the temporal and spatial differences in the density, distribution, and type of microplastics in the sediments of Buenaventura Bay. For this purpose, sediment samples were collected in the internal estuary (close to the rivers) and in the external estuary (with a greater marine influence). Samples were obtained in the dry, transition, and rainy season for the years 2015 and 2019. Microplastics were extracted by density separation method, each particle was classified and measured by optical microscopy. Density ranged from 11 to 1,354 particles/kg, with averages of 194.9 ± 51.3 and 359.6 ± 88.0 particles/kg for the years 2015 and 2019, respectively, reporting an increase of 84.4 %. The internal estuary presented a higher density in both years and the fibers constituted the most common form of microplastic particles, with 63.7 % for 2015 and 56.03 % for 2019. The presence and increasing accumulation of microplastics generates risks and adverse effects for the marine communities; additionally it coul compromise the food safety for coastal human populations.

Temporal and spatial variability in elemental composition of otoliths: implications for determining stock identity and connectivity of populations

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn M Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Otolith Chemistry ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Elemental Fingerprint ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Over Time

Interannual variability in elemental composition of otoliths may confound spatial interpretations. The elemental fingerprints of otoliths of juvenile fish were determined for fish collected from 12 to 15 estuaries in each of three consecutive recruitment years to determine temporal variation in otolith chemistry for each estuary. It was also examined whether there is overlap in elemental fingerprints of fish collected in different years and from different estuaries that may confound subsequent spatial comparisons. Significant differences in otolith chemistry were found among years for individual elements (lithium, manganese, strontium, and barium) and for multi-element fingerprints. Some estuaries showed large variation in multi-element fingerprints among years, whereas others showed little variation among years. There was some overlap of elemental fingerprints of different estuaries, but these were not always for fish collected in the same year. The significant spatial and temporal variation in elemental fingerprints meant that it was possible to confound spatial differences with temporal differences. Therefore, if the natal estuary of the adults is to be determined, a library of elemental fingerprints needs to be built up over time for each estuary rather than a single year-class of juveniles being used as the elemental fingerprint for a number of year-classes of adults.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Clonal Complexes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Resistant to Multiple Classes of Antibiotics in Belgium, 1997 to 2004

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 3216-3220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Amrine-Madsen ◽  
Johan Van Eldere ◽  
Robertino M. Mera ◽  
Linda A. Miller ◽  
James A. Poupard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT We performed multilocus sequence typing on 203 invasive disease isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to assess the clonal compositions of isolates from two provinces in Belgium and to determine the relationship between clones and antibiotic nonsusceptibility, particularly nonsusceptibility to two or more classes of antibiotics. The frequency of multiclass nonsusceptibility (MCNS) was higher in the province of West Flanders (38%) than in Limburg (21%). This difference was largely attributable to five clonal complexes (CC156, CC81, CC143, CC193, and CC1848), which contained high proportions of isolates with MCNS (>47%) and which were circulating at higher frequencies in West Flanders. The S. pneumoniae population changed over time, as CC156 and CC81 declined in frequency from 1997 to 1999 to 2001 to 2004. Over the same time period, the frequency of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 7 (PCV7) serotypes dropped from 69% to 41%. In contrast, the nonvaccine serotype 19A increased in frequency from 2.1% to 6.6%. None of these changes can be attributed to PCV7 vaccine, as it was not in use in Belgium during the time period studied. There was evidence that MCNS clones flowed from West Flanders to Limburg.

scholarly journals The Xixuthrus species of Fiji (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae:) Prioninae

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 777 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS YANEGA ◽  
DAVID OLSON ◽  
SHARON SHUTE ◽  
ZIRO KOMIYA
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Over Time

There have been four species of the cerambycid genus Xixuthrus described from the Fijian archipelago; X. heros (Heer), X. terribilis Thomson, X. ganglbaueri Lameere, and X. heyrovskyi Tippmann. Over time, X. terribilis had been reduced to synonymy, and it had been suggested that X. ganglbaueri was probably from New Guinea rather than Fiji. We here re-establish the validity of X. terribilis, place X. heyrovskyi in synonymy with it, and designate a neotype for X. ganglbaueri to resolve both the species identity and its geographic provenance. Diagnoses of the three confirmed Fijian species are presented, including digital images of type specimens, and notes on temporal and spatial distribution.

Research on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of PM10 in Yantai Urban Areas from 2006 to 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 737-740
Author(s):  
Ming Chang ◽  
Jian Guo Song ◽  
Xin Zhi Wang ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Yantai City ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this thesis is to study the characteristics of PM10 concentrations in the atmosphere over time granularity and spatial distribution in Yantai city. The concentration of PM10 is investigated in the daily from 2006 to 2010. The result shows that the characteristics of PM10 concentration in each time granularity are different: the interannual variation can be divided into two stages and the highest is approximately equal twice times of the lowest. The seasonal changes is distinct and the PM10 average concentration presents a feature that spring > winter > autumn > summer. And the highest month of PM10 is April, followed in March and May. The geographical distribution of PM10 is the center of pollution has been located in region A. Each region getting lowest in summer and the minimum one is region H where the concentration is 0.052mg/m3. The function regions can be divided into two categories: most regions show same as the seasonal changes but the region A and G’s characteristics change dramatically and the concentration of PM10 has come to 0.156 mg/m3 in the winter.

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