1076 Global gene expression in the endometrium of primiparous dairy cows during the early-luteal phase of the estrous cycle

Abstract Estrus detection in dairy cattle is an important factor that contributes to the reproductive efficiency. Lack and inaccuracy of heat detection are associated with increased days open, calving interval, economic loss and culling due to infertility. Efforts have been made to identify methods to assist in estrus detection. The objective of this study was to examine if vaginal electrical resistance (VER) measured by a commercial probe throughout the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows aids to determine the onset of estrus. A total of 9 lactating Holstein cows were monitored for 2 – 3 estrous cycles, ultrasonography of the ovary, blood sample for progesterone and VER was assessed every other day during the luteal phase (LUT) and every day during the follicular phase (FOL). A total of 339 VER measurements were collected, 66 during the FOL phase and 273 corresponded to the LUT phase. Mean VER differed (P < 0.001) between FOL (294.5 ± 51.3) and LUT (316.4 ± 46.2), similarly the progesterone concentration was different between the LUT and FOL phases (0.38 ± 0.24 ng/mL vs. 3.41 ± 2.08 ng/mL, respectively) (P < 0.001). No differences were observed between the vaginal temperature of cows in LUT (38.2 ± 0.4 C°) or FOL phase (38.3 ± 0.3 C°). Cervix diameter differed (P < 0.01) between FOL (35.9 ± 3.8 mm) and LUT (34.5 ± 3.4mm), VER has a significant relation (P < 0.001) with the diameter of the Corpus luteum (279.8 + 1.54 x Cervix diameter). Similarly, VER had a significant relationship (P = 0.03) with diameter of the dominant follicle at estrus (355.2 + -3.9 x follicle diameter). These findings suggest that VER changes according to the phase of the estrous cycle, VER decreased during sexual receptivity and increased during the luteal phase. VER may improve the accuracy to diagnose heat in dairy cows.

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Associations between Circulating IGF-1 Concentrations, Disease Status and the Leukocyte Transcriptome in Early Lactation Dairy Cows

Ruminants ◽

10.3390/ruminants1020012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 147-177

Author(s):

D. Claire Wathes ◽

Frank Becker ◽

Laura Buggiotti ◽

Mark A. Crowe ◽

Conrad Ferris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Cell Function ◽

Aerobic Glycolysis ◽

Disease Status ◽

Global Gene Expression ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Immune Defense ◽

Early Lactation

Peripartum dairy cows commonly experience negative energy balance (EB) and immunosuppression together with high incidences of infectious and metabolic disease. This study investigated mechanisms linking EB status with immune defense in early lactation. Data were collected from multiparous Holstein cows from six herds and leukocyte transcriptomes were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Global gene expression was related to circulating IGF-1 (as a biomarker for EB) by subdividing animals into three groups, defined as IGF-1 LOW (<35 ng/mL, n = 35), MODERATE (35–100 ng/mL, n = 92) or HIGH (>100 ng/mL, n = 43) at 14 ± 4 days in milk (DIM). Differentially expressed genes between groups were identified using CLC Genomics Workbench V21, followed by cluster and KEGG pathway analysis, focusing on the comparison between LOW and HIGH IGF-1 cows. LOW cows were older and had significantly lower dry matter intakes and EB values, whereas HIGH cows produced more milk. During the first 35 DIM, 63% of LOW cows had more than one health problem vs. 26% HIGH cows, including more with clinical mastitis and uterine infections. Gene expression analysis indicated that leukocytes in LOW cows switched energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis (PGM, LDH, and PDK4). Many antimicrobial peptides were up-regulated in LOW cows (e.g., PTX3, DMBT1, S100A8, and S100A9) together with genes associated with inflammation, platelet activation and the complement cascade. HIGH cows had greater expression of genes regulating T and B cell function and the cytoskeleton. Overall, results suggested an ongoing cycle of poor EB and higher infection rates in LOW IGF-1 cows which was reflected in altered leukocyte functionality and reduced milk production.

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Direct in vitro effect of LH and steroids on leptin gene expression and leptin secretion by porcine luteal cells during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle

Reproductive Biology ◽

10.1016/j.repbio.2012.10.003 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 317-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gabriela Siawrys ◽

Nina Smolinska

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Luteal Cells ◽

Vitro Effect ◽

Porcine Luteal Cells

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Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth and global gene expression in dairy cows

Journal of Applied Animal Research ◽

10.1080/09712119.2017.1292913 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 257-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sarah Adjei-Fremah ◽

Kingsley Ekwemalor ◽

Emmanuel K. Asiamah ◽

Hamid Ismail ◽

Salam Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Global Gene Expression ◽

Probiotic Supplementation

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Comparison of expression patterns of six canonical clock genes of follicular phase and luteal phase in Small-tailed Han sheep

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-64-457-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 457-466

Author(s):

Qi Han ◽

Xiaoyun He ◽

Ran Di ◽

Mingxing Chu

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Clock Gene ◽

Clock Genes ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Clock Gene Expression ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain

Abstract. The circadian rhythm is a biological rhythm that is closely related to the rhythmic expression of a series of clock genes. Results from several studies have indicated that clock genes are associated with the estrous cycle in female animals. Until now, the relationship between estrus cycle transition and clock gene expression in reproductive-axis-related tissues has remained unknown in Small-tailed Han (STH) sheep. This study was conducted to analyze the expression patterns of six canonical clock genes (Clock, BMAL1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2) in the follicle phase and luteal phase of STH sheep. We found that all six genes were expressed in the brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, uterus, and oviduct in follicle and luteal phases. The results indicated that Clock expression was significantly higher in the cerebellum, hypothalamus, and uterus of the luteal phase than that of the follicle phase, whereas BMAL1 expression was significantly higher in the hypothalamus of the luteal phase than that of the follicle phase. Per1 expression was significantly higher in the brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and pituitary of the luteal phase than that of the follicle phase, and Per2 expression was significantly higher in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and uterus of the luteal phase than that of the follicle phase. Cry1 expression was significantly higher in the brain, cerebellum, and hypothalamus of the luteal phase than that of the follicle phase, whereas Cry2 expression was significantly higher in the pituitary of the luteal phase than that of the follicle phase. The clock gene expression in all tissues was different between follicle and luteal phases, but all clock gene mRNA levels were found to exhibit higher expression among seven tissues in the luteal phase. Our results suggest that estrous cycles may be associated with clock gene expression in the STH sheep. This is the first study to systematically analyze the expression patterns of clock genes of different estrous cycle in ewes, which could form a basis for further studies to develop the relationship between clock genes and the estrous cycle.

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