scholarly journals Concentrations of digestible, metabolizable, and net energy in soybean meal produced in different areas of the United States and fed to pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 5694 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Sotak-Peper ◽  
J. C. Gonzalez-Vega ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Net Energy

The Prospect of Zero Net Energy Buildings in the United States

2013 ◽  
pp. 253-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas B. Rajkovich ◽  
William C. Miller ◽  
Roland J. Risser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Zero Net Energy

scholarly journals A measurement strategy to address disparities across household energy burdens

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Scheier ◽  
Noah Kittner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Groups ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Eligibility Requirements

AbstractEnergy inequity is an issue of increasing urgency. Few policy-relevant datasets evaluate the energy burden of typical American households. Here, we develop a framework using Net Energy Analysis and household socioeconomic data to measure systematic energy inequity among critical groups that need policy attention. We find substantial instances of energy poverty in the United States – 16% of households experience energy poverty as presently defined as spending more than 6% of household income on energy expenditures. More than 5.2 million households above the Federal Poverty Line face energy poverty, disproportionately burdening Black, Hispanic, and Native American communities. For solar, wind, and energy efficiency to address socioeconomic mobility, programs must reduce energy expenditures by expanding eligibility requirements for support and access to improved conservation measures, efficiency upgrades, and distributed renewables. We recommend the United States develop a more inclusive federal energy poverty categorization that increases assistance for household energy costs.

Low energy prices could delay US net exporter shift

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Close Analysis

Significance The EIA generated a wave of headlines with its projection in January’s Annual Energy Outlook that the United States would likely become a net energy exporter sometime in the middle of the 2020s. It would mark a major reversal for the country’s energy fortunes and would have major ramifications for existing global energy flows and US energy policy. However, the projections warrant close analysis and a healthy dose of scepticism. Impacts Becoming a net energy exporter would help the United States drastically cut its trade deficit and strengthen the dollar. US security commitments to energy-producing Gulf countries would continue, to encourage broader market stability. New pipeline infrastructure will be needed to expand US oil and gas export capacity.

scholarly journals PSI-13 Amino acid profile of GuarPro F-81, a potential protein source for swine and other agricultural animals in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 248-248
Author(s):  
Alexandra G McCafferty ◽  
Rebecca M Humphrey ◽  
M Shamimul Hasan ◽  
Mark A Crenshaw ◽  
James Brett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Guar Meal ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract Feed is the most expensive component in raising agricultural animals such as pigs in the United States Guar meal is the main by-product from the guar gum production from guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoba) seed. Although said to be unpalatable and possibly toxic, the recently improved products possess promise to be alternative protein-providing feedstuffs for animal industries, primarily because they contain great amounts of protein and are inexpensive. This study was conducted to mainly evaluate the amino acid profile of GuarPro F-81, a newly developed guar meal product in India. Three samples were randomly collected from a production company in India and aliquoted to multiple sub-samples (20 to 200 g/sub-sample), after received, for nutrient evaluation in 2 to 7 laboratories. Results showed that GuarPro F-81 contained (as-fed basis, ±SD) 97.1 ± 1.92% dry matter (n = 7), 57.9 ± 1.29% crude protein (n = 7), 7.17 ± 0.38% crude fat (n = 5), 3.24 ± 1.06% crude fiber (n = 4), 4,440 ± 622 kcal/kg gross energy (n = 2), and 5.40 ± 0.43% ash (n = 5). The amino acid contents (as-fed basis, ±SD, n = 3) were 2.30 ± 0.102% lysine, 0.61 ± 0.032% methionine, 0.68 ± 0.029% cysteine, 1.57 ± 0.009% threonine, 0.80 ± 0.048% tryptophan, 7.43 ± 0.149% arginine, 3.10 ± 0.064% leucine, 1.70 ± 0.095% isoleucine, 1.99 ± 0.073% valine, 1.42 ± 0.075% histidine, 2.14 ± 0.030% phenylalanine, 1.53 ± 0.352% tyrosine, 2.79 ± 0.027% glycine, 2.40 ± 0.190% serine, 1.85 ± 0.108% proline, 2.04 ± 0.015% alanine, 11.14 ± 0.268% glutamic acid, and 5.53 ± 0.096% aspartic acid. While the contents of alanine, cysteine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine, threonine, isoleucine, lysine, and proline were approximately 0.9 to 27% less than that in soybean meal (a dehulled, solvent extracted product), the contents of serine, aspartic acid, histidine, tryptophan, glutamic acid, glycine, and arginine were approximately 1.8 to 115% higher than those in soybean meal, and so was the crude protein content which was approximately 21.3% higher. While the crude fiber content was approximately 17% less, the crude fat and gross energy contents were approximately 372% and 4% higher than that in soybean meal, respectively.

scholarly journals Amino acid digestibility in soybean meal sourced from different regions of the United States and fed to pigs1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Sotak-Peper ◽  
J. C. González-Vega ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
The United States

Amino acid digestibility in soybean meal sourced from different regions of the United States and fed to pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Sotak-Peper ◽  
J. C. González-Vega ◽  
H. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Soybean seed trait improvements and their effects on human and animal nutrition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Michelle Folta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Soy Meal ◽  
Gross Energy

Soybean (Glycine max) is the number one oil and protein crop in the United States, but the seed contains several anti-nutritional factors that are undesirable to both human and livestock nutrition. Soybean seed is comprised of about 40% protein, 20% oil, and 35% carbohydrate, and modifications in these components could significantly benefit human and livestock productivity. In this research, the undesirable soybean carbohydrate raffinose, an oligosaccharide that is indigestible for monogastric animals, was reduced using RNA interference. The resulting transgenic plants were analyzed for presence and copy number of the transgene using Southern blot, efficiency of mRNA silencing with qRT-PCR, and total raffinose content with HPLC. Transgenic plant lines were recovered that exhibited dramatically reduced levels of raffinose in mature seed, and these lines were further analyzed for other phenotypes such as development and yield. This research serves as further confirmation of the contribution of the RS2 gene to the low-raffinose phenotype, and validates both the effectiveness and specificity of RNA interference, thus the technology could be applied to many other important genes in crop plants. Additionally, a study was conducted to measure the effects of soybean seed quality traits on the consumer acceptance of soymilk. In this study, several soybean traits -- high oleic, low linolenic, lipoxygenase-null, and low raffinose/high sucrose -- and combinations thereof were evaluated for their impact on soymilk consumer acceptance. Six soybean varieties representing a control food-grade tofu line and five improved lines were processed into plain soymilk, assayed for nutritional qualities, and subjected to a consumer acceptability panel. Results show that soybean genotype information can accurately predict some aspects of soymilk composition. Consumers preferred soymilks with increased sucrose and low lipoxygenase, and disliked the high oleic trait. This research evaluates key soybean seed traits and their impact on soymilk acceptability in the United States, and provides a framework for future soybean seed trait improvements. Finally, a small-scale precision-fed rooster assay was conducted to measure the true metabolizable energy in wild-type and low-raffinose full-fat soybean meal. Although there was no significant measured difference in passage rate or dry matter digestibility for the two soybean sources, the fed low-raffinose soy meal had significantly higher gross energy than wild-type. Further, the excreta from birds fed low-raffinose soy meal had less gross energy. Therefore, there is more digestible energy in low-raffinose soybean than wild-type soybean. Low-raffinose soy had a measured TME of 2797 kcal/kg, compared with 2330 kcal/kg for wildtype. As low digestible energy is a major limiting factor in the percent of soybean meal that can be used in poultry diets, these results substantiate the use of higher concentrations of low-raffinose, full-fat soy in formulated diets.

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