Effects of feeding pregnant beef cows selenium-enriched alfalfa hay on selenium status and antibody titers in their newborn calves

The results of a virological and serological study of calves, patients and deaths with symptoms of diarrhea and pneumoenteritis are presented. In the pathological material of 8 calves of 2–8 days of age, sick and deaths with signs of diarrhea, antigens of rotavirus B (62.5%) and betacoronavirus 1 (100%) were identified in direct immunofluorescence test, including 62.5% of animals with associated infection. Serological research of 17 calf convalescents revealed a diagnostic increase in antibodies to rotavirus B (52.9%) and betacoronavirus 1 (70.6%), including 23.5% of animals with seroconversion to two viruses. In a research of blood sera and colostrum on the first day, 25 cows were found to have antibodies to rotavirus B (20.0%) and beta-coronavirus 1 (32.0%) in hemagglutination inhibition test. The relationship between antibody titers in the serum and colostrum of maternal cows and blood serum of newborn calves was established. Antigens of rotaviruses A and C, ungulate boсaparvоvirus 1 and specific antibodies to them for diarrheal calf disease have not been established. In the pathological material of 11 calves of 15–20 days of age, sick and deaths with signs of pneumoenteritis, antigens of bovine mastadenovirus B (72.7%) and bovine atadenovirus D (45.5%) were identified in direct immunofluorescence test, including 18.2% of animals are associated with two viruses. In a serological research of 48 calf-convalescents, a diagnostic increase in antibody titers to bovine mastadenovirus B (66.7%) and bovine atadenovirus D (50.0%) was detected in hemagglutination inhibition test. In a study of colostrum on the first day of 22 cows, antibodies to bovine mastadenovirus B (27.3%) and bovine atadenovirus D (18.2%) were detected. Antigens of bovine mastаdenovirus A and C, pestiviruses A and B, mammalian orthoreovirus, ungulate boсaparvоvirus 1 and specific antibodies to them for pneumoenteritis of calves have not been established. Therefore, in the etiopathogenesis of diarrheal disease of newborn calves, the involvement of rotavirus B and betacoronavirus 1 was established. The presence of colostrum antibodies did not protect calves from rotavirus and coronavirus infections, did not block the secretion of viruses from feces, and correlated with their mire contents. Colostrum antibodies inhibited the body's immunological response to infection. The participation of bovine mastodenovirus and bovine atadenovirus D has been found in the etiopathogenesis of calf pneumoenteritis. These viruses latently infect adult animals as a source of infectious agents for calves.

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Effects of pre- or postpartum selenium supplementation on selenium status in beef cows and their calves.

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/1999.771223x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 223 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

F Enjalbert ◽

P Lebreton ◽

O Salat ◽

F Schelcher

Keyword(s):

Beef Cows ◽

Selenium Supplementation ◽

Selenium Status

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Comparison of Alfalfa Hay and Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles, Alone or in Combination with Cull Beans, as Protein Sources for Beef Cows Grazing Native Winter Range

The Professional Animal Scientist ◽

10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31614-4 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C.D. Smith ◽

J.C. Whittier ◽

D.N. Schutz ◽

D. Couch

Keyword(s):

Beef Cows ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Winter Range ◽

Distillers Dried Grains ◽

Alfalfa Hay

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Soybean meal+sorghum grain, alfalfa hay, and dehydrated alfalfa pellets as protein supplements for beef cows grazing dormant, tallgrass-prairie

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports ◽

10.4148/2378-5977.2288 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 45-47

Author(s):

T. DelCurto ◽

R.C. Cochran ◽

L.R. Corah ◽

E.S. Vanzant

Keyword(s):

Tallgrass Prairie ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Alfalfa Hay ◽

Sorghum Grain

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Interface between Maternal Antibodies and Natural Challenge for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in Holstein Heifers

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.81177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camila Costa Baccili ◽

Natália Meirelles Sobreira ◽

Bruno Toledo Silva ◽

Edviges Maristela Pituco ◽

Viviane Gomes

Keyword(s):

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Maternal Antibodies ◽

Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽

Diarrhea Virus ◽

Viral Diarrhea ◽

Serum Neutralization ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Newborn Calves ◽

Viral Diarrhea Virus

Background: Newborn calves are agammaglobulinemic, immunosuppressed and immunologically immature at birth. The passive immune transfer is fundamental to protect calves against pathogens. The decay of maternal antibodies precedes the immune maturation at puberty enhancing the susceptibility of calves to infections caused by BVDV. Then, the objective of this research was to evaluate the interface between passive and active immunity for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in Holstein dairy heifers in the first 13 months of age to detect susceptibility periods and establish prophylactic measures on prevention of Bovine Viral Diarrhea.Materials, Methods & Results: Sera were analyzed from 585 heifers by serum neutralization (SN) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the p80 protein of BVDV. Heifers were categorized according to their age by the month of life. Heifers were seropositive (100%) from 1st to 13th. Median of neutralizing antibodies (Ab) titers obtained from 1st up to 13th month were 316.2; 125.9; 63.1; 50.1; 50.1; 39.8; 63.1; 63.1; 39.8; 79.4, 100.0; 74.4; and 79.4, respectively. The neutralizing Ab titers obtained in 1st month were different of the values observed from 2nd until 13th (P < 0.001), furthermore the Ab titers from 2nd month was statistical different of 4th (P = 0.01) and 6th (P = 0.05). The frequencies (%) of positive heifers for p80 from 1st up to 13th were 24.7; 18.2; 10.4; 11.8; 73.3; 73.8; 72.4; 58.1; 45.9; 48.4; 46.2; 43.8 and 61.5, respectively. The correlation observed for neutralizing Ab titers and age was negative and weak (ρ= -0.299; P < 0.001). On the other hand, the correlation between positive heifers for p80 and age was positive and moderate (ρ= 0.319; P < 0.001).Discussion: The newborn calves had higher titers of neutralizing antibodies than other age groups and some calves were seropositive for the p80 protein. This profile points to the transfer of maternal antibodies produced by vaccination and/or natural exposure to BVDV. The exposure of the cows to the inactivated and live virus stimulates the production of neutralizing antibodies to the structural proteins of the virus, particularly the glycoprotein E2, detected by the serum neutralization test. The titers of serum neutralizing antibodies and the frequencies of seropositive for p80 protein decreased gradually from the first to the 4-6th month of life due to the metabolization of maternal immunoglobulins acquired by ingestion of colostrum. Frequencies of seropositive animals for protein p80 increased from the fifth month of life, which is the same moment that was observed declined of neutralizing maternal antibody titers. The phase of higher frequency of p80 positive animals coincides with greater rates of Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis. This history could justify the importance of the BVDV immunodepression as a risk factor for concomitant diseases. In general, the neutralizing antibody titers increased after the peaks of positive reactions to the p80 protein, but this moment coincides with the primo-vaccination in calves. Therefore, it is not possible to state the origin of these antibodies. Correlations between ages and serologic tests are consistent with previous data reporting the decrease in antibody titers and increase of seropositive animals for p80 protein, from the first month of life to puberty. In conclusion, maternal neutralizing Ab titers had gradual decreased whereas the frequency of positive heifers for p80 had increased values. The inversion observed between the maternal antibody titers and the increase in antibody for p80 indicates the moment of greatest risk for natural infections caused by BVDV.

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PSXI-16 Evaluation of supplementation strategies for beef cattle bale-grazing grass hay in Winter

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 343-343

Author(s):

Michael Undi ◽

Kevin K K Sedivec

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Alfalfa Hay ◽

Body Weights ◽

Grass Hay ◽

Total Body ◽

Extension Center ◽

Body Condition Scores ◽

Corn Ddgs

Abstract Methods of supplementing beef cows while bale grazing grass hay were investigated in a study conducted for four winters, from 2016 to 2019, at the Central Grasslands Research Extension Center near Streeter, ND. Starting in the fall of each year, cows were assigned to eight groups of similar total body weight (BW) and allowed to bale graze one of four bale grazing treatments as follows: a) grass hay, b) grass hay supplemented with alfalfa hay, c) grass hay supplemented with corn DDGS, and d) grass hay treated with a liquid supplement. Two-day body weights and body condition scores (BCS) were taken at the start and end of the study. Final BW were greater (P ≤ 0.05) when cows were supplemented with DDGS and least when cows were not supplemented. Average daily gains were influenced by method of supplementation and year (P ≤ 0.025). When winters were cold, supplementation with alfalfa hay or a liquid supplement were not adequate to maintain cows resulting with weight loss. Final BCS were greatest (P ≤ 0.05) when cows were supplemented with DDGS and lowest on grass hay. Similarly, change in BCS was greatest in DDGS-supplemented cows and lowest on grass hay only. Calf birth weights, weaning weights and daily gains were not influenced (P > 0.05) by method of supplementation. Results suggest that method of supplementation during bale grazing should be based on prevailing environmental conditions during winter. In severely cold winters, good-quality alfalfa hay or a liquid supplement are not adequate to meet requirements of pregnant beef cows in mid-gestation. Under such conditions, supplements such as corn DDGS will be needed to meet animal requirements. Supplementation with good-quality alfalfa hay or grass hay treated with a liquid supplement may be an option during mild winters.

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Selenium biofortified alfalfa hay fed in low quantities improves selenium status and glutathione peroxidase activity in transition dairy cows and their calves

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s002202992000028x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 184-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shana Jaaf ◽

Brandon Batty ◽

Angela Krueger ◽

Charles T. Estill ◽

Massimo Bionaz

Keyword(s):

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Post Partum ◽

Selenium Status ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽

Dry Period ◽

Alfalfa Hay ◽

Gpx Activity ◽

Modest Effect

AbstractThe hypothesis of the study was that feeding a relatively low amount of Se biofortified alfalfa hay during the dry period and early lactation would improve selenium status and glutathione peroxidase activity in dairy cows and their calves. Ten Jersey and 8 Holstein primiparous dairy cows were supplemented with Se biofortified (TRT; n = 9) or non-biofortified (CTR; n = 9) alfalfa hay at a rate of 1 kg/100 kg of BW mixed with the TMR from 40 d prior parturition to 2 weeks post-partum. Se concentration in whole blood, liver, milk, and colostrum, the transfer of Se to calves, and the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were assessed. TRT had 2-fold larger (P < 0.05) Se in blood v. CTR that resulted in larger Se in liver and colostrum but not milk and larger GPx activity in plasma and erythrocytes but not in milk. Compared to CTR, calves from TRT had larger Se in blood but only a numerical (P = 0.09) larger GPx activity in plasma. A positive correlation was detected between Se in the blood and GPx activity in erythrocytes and plasma in cows. Our results demonstrated that feeding pregnant primiparous dairy cows with a relatively low amount of Se-biofortified alfalfa hay is an effective way to increase Se in the blood and liver, leading to greater antioxidant activity via GPx. The same treatment was effective in improving Se concentration in calves but had a modest effect on their GPx activity. Feeding Se biofortified hay increased Se concentration in colostrum but not in milk.

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