Protein Requirements of Chios Sheep during Maintenance

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-671
Author(s):  
Andreas Papas
Keyword(s):  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Chios Sheep

scholarly journals The feeding of rams on farms of the "Macedonia" Cooperative of Chios sheep breeders

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
G. E. VALERGAKIS (Γ. Ε. ΒΑΛΕΡΓΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
A. I. GELASAKIS (Α. Ι. ΓΕΛΑΣΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
G. OIKONOMOU (Γ. ΟΙΚΟΝΟΜΟΥ) ◽  
Z. BAZDAGIANNI (Ζ. ΜΠΑΣΔΑΠΑΝΝΗ) ◽  
G. ARSENOS (Γ. ΑΡΣΕΝΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Chios Sheep ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Zero Grazing ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The aim of this study was to verify the adequacy of ram rations in intensively reared flocks of the Chios breed. Data were collected from the 66 farms of the "Macedonia" Cooperative of Chios Sheep Breeders and were evaluated using requirements published by INRA and NRC. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance. Ram requirements for net energy lactation, digestible protein, absorbable calcium and absorbable phosphorus were greatly exceeded. Farm classification in three groups (A, Β and C, 26,15 and 25 farms, respectively), based on net energy offered during maintenance (100%, 122% and 154% of requirements, respectively), showed that there was considerable area for improvement; the use of large quantities of concentrates is unjustified. Location, considerable on-farm feed production and zero grazing were associated with farm classification in group C. Rations used during the pre-breeding and the breeding periods offered 40-50% more net energy than required. Protein requirements were greatly exceeded (200-250%); alfalfa hay was the basic roughage and soybean and other oilseed meals (10% and 5%, respectively) were included in the concentrates. Calcium requirements were greatly exceeded as well. However, 1 out of 4 farms was providing inadequate amounts of phosphorus during maintenance. Moreover, adequate amounts of vitamins and trace minerals were offered by 37.9% of farms only, during maintenance. This situation was improved during the pre-breeding and the reeding periods (54.5% and 74.2%, respectively), but it was still far from desirable. It was estimated that balanced rations would decrease annual ram feeding expenses by at least 20€. At the same time, incidences of elevated body condition scores and their detrimental effects on ram fertility and some diseases, like urolithiasis, would be greatly reduced.

Re-Evaluation of Protein Requirements of Growing-Fattening Swine as Influenced by Feeding an Antibiotic

1952 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Catron ◽  
A. H. Jensen ◽  
P. G. Homeyer ◽  
H. M. Maddock ◽  
G. C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Protein Requirements

Predialytic versus Intradialytic Nutrition: A Study to Assess Effects on Intradialytic Blood Pressure, Dialysis Adequacy, and Urea Removal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Namrata S. Rao ◽  
Abhilash Chandra ◽  
Sai Saran ◽  
Manish Raj Kulshreshta ◽  
Prabhakar Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Provision of oral protein in hemodialysis (HD) is desirable due to improved compliance to protein requirements and better nutritional status, but the risks of hypotension and underdialysis need to be considered. This study compared 2 different timings for administering oral nutritional supplements (ONS), predialysis and mid-dialysis, with respect to hemodynamics, dialysis adequacy, urea removal, and tolerability. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This single-center, prospective crossover study analyzed 72 stable patients with ESRD on twice a week maintenance HD with a mean age of 38.7 (±11.2) years and a dialysis vintage of 28.2 (±13.1) months. In the first week, all the patients received ONS (450 kcal energy, 20 g protein) 1 h prior to start of dialysis (group 1) and in the next week, the supplement was administered after 2 h of start of dialysis (group 2), with a predialysis fasting period of at least 3 h in both groups. Blood pressures, serum, and spent dialysate samples were collected and nausea occurrence was noted by severity. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Predialytic intake (group 1) was associated with higher predialysis and 1st hour blood urea, dialysis adequacy, and urea removal than group 2. Both groups achieved mean Kt/V &#x3e; 1.2, and the occurrence of symptomatic hypotensive episodes and nausea was not significantly different between the groups. On repeated measures ANOVA, changes in blood urea over time showed significant group effect. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Predialytic supplementation was associated with better dialysis adequacy and urea removal than intradialytic supplementation. However, both timings were equally tolerated and not associated with underdialysis.

scholarly journals Rational Use of Protein Supplements in the Elderly—Relevance of Gastrointestinal Mechanisms

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Ian Chapman ◽  
Avneet Oberoi ◽  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Stijn Soenen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Older People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Older Subjects

Protein supplements are increasingly used by older people to maintain nutrition and prevent or treat loss of muscle function. Daily protein requirements in older people are in the range of 1.2 gm/kg/day or higher. Many older adults do not consume this much protein and are likely to benefit from higher consumption. Protein supplements are probably best taken twice daily, if possible soon after exercise, in doses that achieve protein intakes of 30 gm or more per episode. It is probably not important to give these supplements between meals, as we have shown no suppressive effects of 30 gm whey drinks, and little if any suppression of 70 gm given to older subjects at varying time intervals from meals. Many gastrointestinal mechanisms controlling food intake change with age, but their contributions to changes in responses to protein are not yet well understood. There may be benefits in giving the supplement with rather than between meals, to achieve protein intakes above the effective anabolic threshold with lower supplement doses, and have favourable effects on food-induced blood glucose increases in older people with, or at risk of developing, type 2 diabetes mellitus; combined protein and glucose drinks lower blood glucose compared with glucose alone in older people.

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