scholarly journals Rational Use of Protein Supplements in the Elderly—Relevance of Gastrointestinal Mechanisms

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Ian Chapman ◽  
Avneet Oberoi ◽  
Caroline Giezenaar ◽  
Stijn Soenen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Older People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Older Subjects

Protein supplements are increasingly used by older people to maintain nutrition and prevent or treat loss of muscle function. Daily protein requirements in older people are in the range of 1.2 gm/kg/day or higher. Many older adults do not consume this much protein and are likely to benefit from higher consumption. Protein supplements are probably best taken twice daily, if possible soon after exercise, in doses that achieve protein intakes of 30 gm or more per episode. It is probably not important to give these supplements between meals, as we have shown no suppressive effects of 30 gm whey drinks, and little if any suppression of 70 gm given to older subjects at varying time intervals from meals. Many gastrointestinal mechanisms controlling food intake change with age, but their contributions to changes in responses to protein are not yet well understood. There may be benefits in giving the supplement with rather than between meals, to achieve protein intakes above the effective anabolic threshold with lower supplement doses, and have favourable effects on food-induced blood glucose increases in older people with, or at risk of developing, type 2 diabetes mellitus; combined protein and glucose drinks lower blood glucose compared with glucose alone in older people.

scholarly journals Effect of Powdered Beverages Containing Pu-erh Tea Extract on Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Ryuji Takeda ◽  
Yumiko Furuno ◽  
Shigeru Imai ◽  
Yumiko Ide ◽  
Danyong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Tea Extract

Objective: The current study aimed to examine the effect of a single ingestion of a beveragecontaining Pu-erh tea extract (Pu-erh tea polyphenol 32.48mg, eq. gallic acid) on postprandialblood glucose levels through a comparison using a crossover test.Method: A total of 20 participants, of which 10 were men and 10 were women, aged between 29 and 64 years were instructed to ingest beverages containing Pu-erh tea extract or placebo beverages at the same time as load food (in addition to cooked rice). Their blood glucose levels were measured before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after ingestion.Results: In phases I and II of the trial, three participants who had large differences in the quantity of the ingested food on the day before the trial were removed from the study. Finally, the analysis was conducted on 17 participants. Result showed that the group who ingested the beverage containing Pu-erh tea extract had significantly lower blood glucose levels than the group who consumed the placebo beverage 60, 90, and 120 min after ingestion. In terms of the amount of variation before ingestion, the group who ingested beverages with Pu-erh tea extracts had significantly lower blood glucose levels than the group who consumed the placebo beverage 60, 90, and 120 min after ingestion. In terms of area under the curve (AUC) and increase in the area under the curve (IAUC) for blood glucose levels with some variations, the time it took for the participants to consume the trial beverage compared with the placebo beverage was significantl lower.Conclusion: Beverages containing Pu-erh tea extract were found to be effective in suppressingthe increase in postprandial blood glucose levels after being loaded with cooked rice.Keywords: Pu-erh tea, postprandial blood glucose, cooked rice, type 2 diabetes

Investigating the relationship between lentil carbohydrate fractions and in vivo postprandial blood glucose response by use of the natural variation in starch fractions among 20 lentil varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3783-3791 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dan Ramdath ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Elizabeth Donner ◽  
Aileen Hawke ◽  
Danusha Kalinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Response ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
The Relationship

Using human studies we confirm that lentils lower blood glucose response, which is correlated to the rapidly digestible starch and resistant starch content.

EFFECTS OF INSULIN ON RATES OF GLUCOSE TRANSFER IN THE DEPANCREATIZED DOG

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Henderson ◽  
Gerald A. Wrenshall ◽  
Paul Odense
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Before And After

An attempt to answer the question as to whether insulin acts to lower blood glucose by increasing utilization, or by decreasing production, or by both, has been made using a new experimental approach. A trace dose of radioactive glucose was injected into each of six postabsorptive depancreatized dogs which had been deprived of exogenous insulin for 66 hr. Blood samples were collected before and after the intravenous injection of insulin, and plasma glucose concentration and specific activity were measured. From these data the simultaneous rates of appearance and disappearance of plasma glucose were calculated for a sequence of time intervals, both before and after insulin, by a method which did not assume dynamic equilibrium. Previous in vivo experiments using radioactive tracers to measure rates of production and utilization of glucose have been made in animals which were in steady states, either with or without insulin, and the effects of insulin were ascertained by comparison of the state with insulin and the state without insulin. The method described in this paper has made it possible to follow the effects of insulin while it is acting in one and the same animal. Insulin was found to cause an abrupt and marked increase in the rate of disappearance of glucose, and this increased rate became less with time, reaching the preinsulin level in about 90 min. Insulin caused a slower and much smaller decrease in the rate of appearance, but the decrease became greater with time during the three hour period of observation. Thus, it appeared that insulin acted in vivo both to increase the utilization of glucose and to decrease its production, but the effects differed in magnitude and in speed of response.

scholarly journals Including Garlic in the Diet May Help Lower Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, and Triglycerides

2006 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 800S-802S ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Thomson ◽  
Khaled K. Al-Qattan ◽  
Tanuja Bordia ◽  
Muslim Ali
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Lower Blood

scholarly journals Noodles Made from High Amylose Wheat Flour Attenuate Postprandial Glycaemia in Healthy Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2171
Author(s):  
Kim Ang ◽  
Carla Bourgy ◽  
Haelee Fenton ◽  
Ahmed Regina ◽  
Marcus Newberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Previous research has not considered the effect of high amylose wheat noodles on postprandial glycaemia. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of consumption of high amylose noodles on postprandial glycaemia over 2-h periods by monitoring changes in blood glucose concentration and calculating the total area under the blood glucose concentration curve. Twelve healthy young adults were recruited to a repeated measure randomised, single-blinded crossover trial to compare the effect of consuming noodles (180 g) containing 15%, 20% and 45% amylose on postprandial glycaemia. Fasting blood glucose concentrations were taken via finger-prick blood samples. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations were taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. Subjects consuming high amylose noodles made with flour containing 45% amylose had significantly lower blood glucose concentration at 15, 30 and 45 min (5.5 ± 0.11, 6.1 ± 0.11 and 5.6 ± 0.11 mmol/L; p = 0.01) compared to subjects consuming low amylose noodles with 15% amylose (5.8 ± 0.12, 6.6 ± 0.12 and 5.9 ± 0.12 mmol/L). The total area under the blood glucose concentration curve after consumption of high amylose noodles with 45% amylose was 640.4 ± 9.49 mmol/L/min, 3.4% lower than consumption of low amylose noodles with 15% amylose (662.9 ± 9.49 mmol/L/min), p = 0.021. Noodles made from high amylose wheat flour attenuate postprandial glycaemia in healthy young adults, as characterised by the significantly lower blood glucose concentration and a 3.4% reduction in glycaemic response.

Control of fructose 2,6-diphosphate in muscle of exercising fasted rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. E919-E924 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Winder ◽  
C. Duan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Grade One ◽  
Fasted Rats

This study examined the role of epinephrine in controlling intramuscular signals that may accelerate lactate production in less active muscles during exercise. Sham-operated (sham) or adrenodemedullated (ADM) rats were fasted 24 h and then were killed at rest or after running for 15 or 30 min on a treadmill (21 m/min, 15% grade). One-half of the ADM rats were infused with epinephrine (6 micrograms/h) intravenously (jugular catheter) during exercise. ADM rats exhibited lower blood glucose, blood lactate, white quadriceps muscle content of lactate, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) during exercise than did sham rats or epinephrine-infused ADM rats. The white quadriceps muscle contents of fructose 2,6-diphosphate (F-2,6-P2) and glucose 1,6-diphosphate (G-1,6-P2) (allosteric activators of glycolysis) were at least two times as high in sham rats and in epinephrine-infused rats as in ADM rats during exercise. We conclude that the exercise-induced rise in epinephrine is responsible for the acceleration of glycolysis in less active muscle during exercise. This effect is likely mediated by epinephrine-induced increases in cAMP, F-2,6-P2, and G-1,6-P2.

Selected Contribution: Evidence that the decrease in liver glycogen is associated with the exercise-induced increase in IGFBP-1

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 798-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Lavoie ◽  
Yovan Fillion ◽  
Karine Couturier ◽  
Pierre Corriveau
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Lipid Response ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Fasted Rats

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the exercise-induced increase in insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1 is not always linked to a decrease in blood glucose level and to examine whether the decreasing levels of liver glycogen during exercise may be associated with the increase in IGFBP-1. Three groups of rats were submitted to a 70-min treadmill exercise. One group of rats was fed normally, and the two other groups had their food intake restricted by 50% (50% fast) the night before the experiment. One of these two 50% fasted groups of rats was infused (intravenously) with glucose throughout exercise to maintain euglycemia. Exercise in noninfused 50% fasted rats, compared with the normally fed rats, resulted in significantly lower blood glucose ( minute 70) and insulin levels, significantly lower liver glycogen content, no change in IGF-I, and significantly higher increases in free fatty acid, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate, and IGFBP-1. Maintenance of euglycemia during exercise in glucose-infused 50% fasted rats reduced to a large extent the decrease in insulin levels but only slightly attenuated the lipid response and the IGFBP-1 response seen in noninfused 50% fasted rats. Comparisons of all individual liver glycogen and IGFBP-1 values revealed that liver glycogen values were highly ( P < 0.001) predictive of the IGFBP-1 response during exercise ( R = 0.564). The present results indicate that the IGFBP-1 response during exercise is not always linked to a decrease in plasma glucose and suggest that the increase in IGFBP-1 during exercise may be related to the decrease in liver glycogen content.

Social Inclusion Predicts Lower Blood Glucose and Low-Density Lipoproteins in Healthy Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kory Floyd ◽  
Alice E. Veksler ◽  
Bree McEwan ◽  
Colin Hesse ◽  
Justin P. Boren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lower Blood Glucose ◽  
Lower Blood
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