Analysis of Fingerprint Patterns among Central Indian Population- A Cross Sectional Study

Background: A person's identity means understanding positively who a given individual is. Human identification is a universal method focused predominantly on finger printing and based on scientific principles. Aims and objectives: To study of fingerprint patterns among Central Indian population. Material and Methods: This prospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of the type of fingerprints in each finger and their gender distribution among 250 individuals of Central Indian origin comprising 125 males and 125 females. Results: The general distribution of fingerprint patterns in the present study is noted in the same order as defined in the literature. Largest loops (55.3%), moderate whorl (34.7%) and least arch (10.0%) respectively. It was found that loop (57.4 %) and arch (14.6 %) fingerprints were more prevalent in women than in men. In males (41.5 per cent), the Whorl fingerprint is more prevalent compared to females (28.0 per cent). Conclusion: The right hand shows typical fingerprints of the loop and whorl, and the arch fingerprint was more in the left hand.

DNA Finger-Printing: Current Scenario and Future

Linearly arranged chemical structure in chromosome is known as DNA. It is a double helix made up of two strands of genetic material spiraled around each other. Each strand has a sequence of bases. There are four types of basis namely adenine, guanine, cytosine and thiamine which are very unique to each individual just like their actual fingerprint. The nitrogen base adenine always binds with thymine and cytosine also always binds with guanine. Thus the DNA profiling unique to each individual is collectively known as DNA fingerprinting. DNA determines individuality or uniqueness of the each human being except in uniovular twins. The chances of complete similarity are one in 30 billion to 300 billion i.e. half the population of world. The technique of DNA fingerprinting was first developed by Dr. Alec Jeffery’s from Britain in 1984. He discovered a minisatellite region close to the human myoglobin gene. He isolated this sequence and used it as a probe to investigate human DNA. He found that the minisatellite probe result was a complex band pattern for each individual. In India, initially it was done at CCMB, Hyderabad by Dr. Lalji Singh. Now there are various centers where DNA fingerprinting is carried out. In Maharashtra it is carried out at Sate Forensic Science Laboratory, Vidya Nagar, Kalina, Mumbai – 400 098 (Phone 022–26670755). Using this technique FBI formally concluded the participation of Mr. Bill Clinton in Monica Lewyninskey case. In India more than 79 cases have been solved by using this technique including important case of Dhanu and Shivarasan alleged assailant of Late Priminister Shr. Rajiv Gandhi, Tandori case, Madhumati murder case etc.

TLC and HPTLC Finger Printing Analysis of Cyperus rotundus (Linn.)

Cyperus rotundus (Linn.) is a versatile plant belonging to the family Cyperaceae, used in herbal medicines worldwide to cure various human ailments. The present study attempts to analyze the profiles of flavonoids in different extracts of C. rotundus with the help of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) fingerprint. Flower and stem extracts of C. rotundus were screens out with the help of TLC, and the Rf values were determined. HPTLC was used to quantify the flavonoid from flower extract of a plant at a 1.0 mg/mL concentration. It revealed the occurrence of flavonoids, especially quercetin in the ethanolic extract of C. rotundus flower, by using mobile phase toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (3:4:2.5 v/v), on a pre-coated plate of silica gel and quantified the amount of quercetin by densitometry absorbance mode at 257 nm. The limits of detection and quantification were 30.08 & 91.16 ng/mL, and the relative standard deviation ranged between 1.03 to 1.48 for intra-day and inter-day for HPTLC. The calibration range was 200-700 ng per band (r2 = 0.99321). Quercetin quantity in the ethanolic extract of the flower was found to be 0.011 mg/mL of the extract with an average recovery of 99.01–100.00%. Such fingerprinting is valuable in quality control and checking adulterants of natural drugs. Therefore, it can be helpful for the assessment of different marketable pharmaceuticals preparations.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL STANDARDISATION OF SIDDHA TABLET PREPARATION JATHIKAAI MATHIRAI

The aim of this study is to standardize the herbal Mathirai preparation Jathikaai Mathirai based on qualitative and quantitative methods as per the analytical specifications of Tablet/Mathirai prescribed by the Protocol testing of ASU drugs by Pharmacopoeial laboratory for Indian Medicines. The Tablet is prepared as described in the text Bala Vagadam. The medicine is subjected to Physicochemical standardisation as per the pharmacopoeial laboratory standards of Indian medicine. The tablet is in solid form which is brown in colour. It is rigid with strong characteristic odor. The aflatoxin assay and pesticide residue revealed that the tablet is free of aflatoxins and pesticide residue. The formulation is free of microbial contamination and shows positive for the presence of steroids, alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides etc. The heavy metals are below detectable limit. The result of HPTLC finger printing of the drug at UV 366 nm shows that the peak at Rf 0.02 constitutes 100% of the total area of the separated peaks, which denotes the abundant existence of the drug at minimum peak level itself. It indicates drug as phytochemicals. The result of the present study ensures the safety profile of the Jathikaai Mathirai – Siddha herbal Tablet intended for paediatric usage and indicative of presence of active phytoconstituents that are responsible for its efficacy in treating the Valippu Noi (Seizure disorder) in children.

Domain name encryption is not enough: privacy leakage via IP-based website fingerprinting

Although the security benefits of domain name encryption technologies such as DNS over TLS (DoT), DNS over HTTPS (DoH), and Encrypted Client Hello (ECH) are clear, their positive impact on user privacy is weakened by—the still exposed—IP address information. However, content delivery networks, DNS-based load balancing, co-hosting of different websites on the same server, and IP address churn, all contribute towards making domain–IP mappings unstable, and prevent straightforward IP-based browsing tracking. In this paper, we show that this instability is not a roadblock (assuming a universal DoT/DoH and ECH deployment), by introducing an IP-based website finger-printing technique that allows a network-level observer to identify at scale the website a user visits. Our technique exploits the complex structure of most websites, which load resources from several domains besides their primary one. Using the generated fingerprints of more than 200K websites studied, we could successfully identify 84% of them when observing solely destination IP addresses. The accuracy rate increases to 92% for popular websites, and 95% for popular and sensitive web-sites. We also evaluated the robustness of the generated fingerprints over time, and demonstrate that they are still effective at successfully identifying about 70% of the tested websites after two months. We conclude by discussing strategies for website owners and hosting providers towards hindering IP-based website fingerprinting and maximizing the privacy benefits offered by DoT/DoH and ECH.

Biometric identity systems in law enforcement and the politics of (voice) recognition: The case of SiiP

Biometric identity systems are now a prominent feature of contemporary law enforcement, including in Europe. Often advanced on the premise of efficiency and accuracy, they have also been the subject of significant controversy. Much attention has focussed on longer-standing biometric data collection, such as finger-printing and facial recognition, foregrounding concerns with the impact such technologies can have on the nature of policing and fundamental human rights. Less researched is the growing use of voice recognition in law enforcement. This paper examines the case of the recent Speaker Identification Integrated Project, a European wide initiative to create the first international and interoperable database of voice biometrics, now the third largest biometric database at Interpol. Drawing on Freedom of Information requests, interviews and public documentation, we outline the emergence and features of SiiP and explore how voice is recognised and attributed meaning. We understand Speaker Identification Integrated Project as constituting a particular ‘regime of recognition’ premised on the use of soft biometrics (age, language, accent and gender) to disembed voice in order to optimise for difference. This, in turn, has implications for the nature and scope of law enforcement, people's position in society, and justice concerns more broadly.

Finger printing the presence of extra scalars in the h → Vff′ forward-backward asymmetry

In this work we analyse the forward-backward asymmetry of the h → V f f′ decay in the Aligned two-Higgs Doublet Model. The Standard Model prediction for this asymmetry for V = W is small, as it suffers from Yukawa suppression and is absent for V = Z. This does not necessarily have to hold true in the Aligned model where these contributions can in principle be re-enhanced through the independent alignment factors ςf. In this analysis we conclude that, due to the additional contributions corresponding to the Aligned two-Higgs Doublet Model together with extra sources of CP-violation for the V = Z channel, the Standard Model predictions can be significantly modified in a great region of the parameter space. These deviations, that could be potentially measured at the High Luminosity LHC or future Higgs factories, would be a clear signal of new physics, and would shed new light on the possible extensions of the Standard Model and new sources of CP-violation.

First Deployment of Motorized Casing Reamer Shoe in Abu Dhabi Offshore

The paper will describe a novel approach of deploying casing through a problematic open hole. It involves a drillable hydraulic motorized casing reamer shoe that can rotate freely without aid of pumping, but once resistance is encountered, pump pressure can then be applied to engage the drive mechanism inside the tool. Thus it will turn into a high-speed reaming shoe that delivers sufficient reaming action. A market research was done to find a quick intermediate solution to tackle difficulty in deploying casing down to section TD. A turbine based motorized reamer shoe was then selected to encounter the challenge with some risk mitigation in place. The first deployment was run in the well where it was identified as a challenging well context and had experienced casing being held up in the first run. Despite the fact that a wiper trip has smoothened the hole condition, the parameters that were captured during the running, the finger printing, the cementing job, and the drilling out of the shoe had ticked some boxes to evaluate the suitability of the technology implementation in the field. Moreover, the lessons learned from the first run itself has also led to further testing and modification of the tool design/setup itself. The detailed analysis and operation feedback from casing running job and subsequent operation will be beneficial to provide other operators in assessing the minimum requirement and suitability of this technology utilization to overcome the drilling challenge.

Best Practices Implementation during 7? Liner Milling Operation

ABSTRACT The paper explores the 7" liner milling operations in re - entry well bores, operations that have become fairly common especially at the interface of corrosive effluents or after an extended life time. This however being a time and efficiency driven choice highlights the need for optimization from both the performance as well as the operational time perspective. The flat time endemic to the milling operation execution however, can be reduced and the operations can be optimized with effective mills, fine tuned rheological parameters of the milling fluid, the BHA stabilization and the finger printing of the milling parameters put in place to execute the entire operation. This paper looks into the various facets of optimization that can expand the avenue of flat time reduction and milling operations execution. Considering the various wells in the database considererd vis – a – vis the milling operations, a baseline ROP of 2 – 6 FPH for liner milling can be established. The baseline reference for this operation averages out an approximate of a couple of weeks from the well duration and has inherent complications both of which can be circumvented with optimization. Albeit the best proponent for mill selection is the existing liner configuration downhole, however this is one luxury that is not available in most cases. More often than not, the maiden mill run is done in a well with the least amount of data available regarding the existing well casing state. Therefore, adequate mill selection and mill cutting structure preparation hold significane for the successful execution, after all each milling run dictates the progress of the successive one. The paper also looks into the proponents of operational optimization and the denominators that drive the successful execution of the job.