Dependence of the cytomegalovirus retinitis clinic, which develops after the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells from the disease of the blood system

Author(s):  
B.S. Pershin ◽  
◽  
A.A. Maschan ◽  
V.Y. Makhmutov ◽  
A.B. Smirnova ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 218 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore T. Ho ◽  
Paul V. Dellorusso ◽  
Evgenia V. Verovskaya ◽  
Sietske T. Bakker ◽  
Johanna Flach ◽  
...  

While young blood can restore many aged tissues, its effects on the aged blood system itself and old hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have not been determined. Here, we used transplantation, parabiosis, plasma transfer, exercise, calorie restriction, and aging mutant mice to understand the effects of age-regulated systemic factors on HSCs and their bone marrow (BM) niche. We found that neither exposure to young blood, nor long-term residence in young niches after parabiont separation, nor direct heterochronic transplantation had any observable rejuvenating effects on old HSCs. Likewise, exercise and calorie restriction did not improve old HSC function, nor old BM niches. Conversely, young HSCs were not affected by systemic pro-aging conditions, and HSC function was not impacted by mutations influencing organismal aging in established long-lived or progeroid genetic models. Therefore, the blood system that carries factors with either rejuvenating or pro-aging properties for many other tissues is itself refractory to those factors.


Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 3458-3465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Laiosa ◽  
Everett R. Tate

Disorders of the blood system are a significant and growing global health concern and include a spectrum of diseases ranging from aplastic anemia and leukemias to immune suppression. This array of hematological disorders is attributed to the fact that the blood system undergoes a perpetual cycle of turn over with aged and exhausted red and white blood cells undergoing daily replacement. The foundational cells of this replenishment process are comprised of rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) located in the bone marrow that possess the dual function of long-term self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. This constant turnover makes the hematopoietic system uniquely vulnerable to changes in the environment that impact multilineage differentiation, self-renewal, or both. Notably, environmental endocrine-disrupting exposures occurring during development, when HSCs are first emerging, can lead to alterations in HSC programming that impacts the blood and immune systems throughout life. In this review, we describe the process of fetal hematopoiesis and provide an overview of the intrauterine environmental and endocrine-disrupting compounds that disrupt this process. Finally, we describe research opportunities for fetal HSCs as potential sentinels of later-life blood and immune system disorders.


2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Smith

Background The highly orchestrated process of blood cell development and homeostasis is termed “hematopoiesis.” Understanding the biology of hematopoietic stem cells as well as hematopoiesis is important to developing improved treatments for hematologic malignancies, congenital disorders, chemotherapy-related cytopenias, and blood and marrow transplants. Methods The author reviews the current state of the art regarding hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoiesis. Results Several new concepts, including stem cell plasticity, suggest the possibility that stem cells may have the ability to differentiate into other tissues in addition to blood cells. Conclusions While much is known about hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoiesis, much remains to be clarified about the environmental and genetic processes that govern the growth and development of the blood system. In addition, careful studies remain to be conducted to determine whether hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into extra-hematopoietic tissues.


2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyo Hirai ◽  
Pu Zhang ◽  
Tajhal Dayaram ◽  
Christopher Hetherington ◽  
Shin-ichi Mizuno ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
И.Ю. Маклакова ◽  
Д.Ю. Гребнев ◽  
А.П. Ястребов

Цель - изучение влияния сочетанной трансплантации мультипотентных мезенхимальных стромальных (ММСК) и гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ГСК), выделенных из плаценты, на регенерацию белой и красной пульпы селезенки в физиологических условиях и в условиях воздействия ионизующего излучения. Методика. Эксперименты выполнены белых лабораторных беспородных мышах-самцах. Облучение животных проводилось на гамма-терапевтической установке типа АГАТ-С с радионуклидным источником Co-60 типа ГИК-8-4, поглощенная доза составила 4,0 Гр, мощность поглощенной дозы 20 сГр/мин. Животным опытной группы внутривенно вводились аллогенные ММСК и ГСК соответственно в дозе 6 млн клеток/кг и 330 тыс. клеток/кг, суспендированные в 0,2 мл 0,9% раствора NaCl. Выделение гемопоэтических стволовых клеток осуществлялось методом прямой иммуномагнитной сепарации. Проводили морфометрию лимфоидных фолликулов селезенки (средняя площадь, средняя площадь В-зоны, средняя площадь герминативного центра, средняя площадь T-зоны), а также определялось среднее расстояние между центрами фолликулов и средняя клеточность красной пульпы. Результаты. Показано, что после воздействия ионизирующего излучения на фоне сочетанной трансплантации ММСК и ГСК происходит увеличение размеров лимфоидного фолликула за счет площади B-зоны фолликула, площади герминативного центра фолликула, восстановление содержания лимфобластов, пролимфоцитов и лимфоцитов до значений нормы. На фоне трансплантации ММСК и ГСК в условиях лучевой нагрузки установлено увеличение плотности клеток в красной пульпе селезенки и, как следствие, увеличение расстояния между центрами лимфоидных фолликулов. Увеличение плотности клеток в красной пульпе происходит как за счет увеличения содержания эритроидных клеток, так и за счет увеличения гранулоцитов. Заключение. Проведенные исследования свидетельствуют об эффективности сочетанной трансплантации ММСК и ГСК в отношении основных морфометрических показателей селезенки после воздействия ионизирующего излучения. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of combined transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal (MSCS) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) isolated from the placenta, on the regeneration of white and red pulp of the spleen under physiological conditions and in conditions of exposure to ionizing radiation. Methods. The experiments were performed with laboratory mice-males. We studied the influence of ionizing radiation dose of 4.0 Gy. Animals of the experimental group were intravenously infused into MMSC and GSK respectively at a dose of 6 million cells/kg and 330 thousand cells/kg, suspended in 0.2 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution. The selection of hematopoietic stem cells was carried out using the direct technique of immune magnetic separation. Were studied the following morphometric parameters of the spleen: the average area of lymphoid follicles, the average area of zone of lymphoid follicles, average size of germinal center of lymphoid follicles, average size T-zones of lymphoid follicles, the average distance between the centers of the follicles, the average cellularity of the red pulp. Results. As a result, of research obtained that after exposure to ionizing radiation on the background of combined transplantation of HSC and MSCS there is an increase in size of lymphoid follicle at the expense of area B-zone of the follicle, the area germinative center of the follicle, restoring the content of lymphoblasts and lymphoblasts and lymphocytes to normal values. On the background of transplantation MMSC and GSK in terms of radiation exposure changes and the red pulp of the spleen. The increase in the density of cells in the red pulp of the spleen and, as a consequence, of the increase of the distance between the centers of lymphoid follicles. The increase in the density of cells in the red pulp occurs due to the increase in the content of erythroid cells and by increasing granulocytes. Key words: ionizing radiation, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, hematopoietic stem cells, spleen, regeneration. Conclusion. Studies have shown the effectiveness of combined transplantation MSC and GSK in respect of the main morphometric parameters of the spleen after exposure to ionizing radiation.


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