Diagnostic difficulties of myopic staphyloma

2021 ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
L.V. Bushnina ◽  
◽  
N.V. Pomytkina ◽  
E.L. Sorokin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Optic Disk ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Axial Myopia

Purpose. Comparative analysis efficiency of diagnostic of myopic staphylomas using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with scan protocols different lengths. Material and methods. A 52-year-old patient with high axial myopia with myopic staphyloma was examined. Profound ophthalmological examination was carried out using OCT of the posterior pole of the eye using scans protocols of various lengths, ultrasound ocular echography. The presence and localization of scleral staphyloma was assessed. Results. When examining the posterior pole of the eye using 12 mm linear OCT scanning, no signs of staphyloma were detected in both eyes. Radial OCT scans 10 mm in length, 3D OCT scans size 12×9 mm scan made it possible to suspect the presence of large macular myopic staphyloma. Examination of patient using 16.5 mm linear OCT scanning revealed distinct prolapse of the posterior pole of the eye, capturing the optic disk and the macular area in both eyes. Ultrasound B-scan confirmed the presence of staphyloma of the posterior pole of the eye in both eyes. Conclusions. 1. To identify the presence and localization of myopic staphyloma, the most informative method is 16.5 mm OCT scanning. 2. For the diagnosis of myopic staphilomas, it is possible to use 12 mm OCT scanning. Key words: optical coherence tomography, myopia, myopic staphyloma, scleral staphyloma.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Changes in Macular Perfusion Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography following 3 Intravitreal Monthly Bevacizumab Injections for Diabetic Macular Edema in the IMPACT Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman G. Elnahry ◽  
Ahmed A. Abdel-Kader ◽  
Karim A. Raafat ◽  
Khaled Elrakhawy
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To evaluate macular perfusion changes following intravitreal bevacizumab injections for diabetic macular edema (DME) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA). Methods. This study was a prospective noncomparative interventional case series. Treatment naïve patients with DME underwent full ophthalmological examination and SD-OCTA scanning at baseline and after 3 intravitreal bevacizumab injections. Both the 6 × 6 and 3 × 3 mm macular scan protocols were used. Pretreatment and posttreatment OCTA images were automatically aligned using a commercially available retina alignment software (i2k Align Retina software); then the fractal dimension (FD), vascular density (VD), and skeleton VD changes were obtained at the full retinal thickness (Full) and superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses after processing images using a semiautomated program. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was manually measured and FD was calculated using the FracLac plugin of ImageJ. Results. Forty eyes of 26 patients were included. Following injections, there were an 8.1% increase in FAZ, 1.3% decrease in FD-Full and FD-SCP, 1.9% decrease in FD-DCP, 8% decrease in VD-Full, 9.1% decrease in VD-SCP, 10.6% decrease in VD-DCP, 13.3% decrease in skeleton VD-Full, 12.5% decrease in skeleton VD-SCP, and 16.3% decrease in skeleton VD-DCP in the 6 × 6 mm macular area and a 2.6% decrease in FD-Full, 3.4% decrease in FD-SCP, 11.5% decrease in VD-Full, 14.3% decrease in VD-SCP, and 25.1% decrease in skeleton VD-SCP in the 3 × 3 mm macular area which were all statistically significant p<0.05. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, the pretreatment FD, VD, and skeleton VD at each capillary layer significantly negatively correlated with the change in FD, VD, and skeleton VD at the corresponding capillary layer, respectively p<0.05. Conclusion. OCTA is a useful noninvasive tool for quantitative evaluation of macular perfusion changes following DME treatment. This trial is registered with NCT03246152.

Differential approach to the treatment of macular hemorrhages in valsalva retinopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
I.A. Melihova ◽  
◽  
S.M. Purshak ◽  
T.G. Efremova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Differential Approach ◽  
Valsalva Retinopathy ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Macular Hemorrhage

Purpose. Analysis of the diagnosis results and treatment of patients with macular hemorrhages in Valsalva retinopathy. Material and methods. The analysis was included 4 patients (4 eyes) with a diagnosis of Valsalva retinopathy. All patients were underwent a standard ophthalmological examination, as well as optical coherence tomography with angiography function (OCT-A). Results. To evaluate the results obtained in the course of a different approach to the treatment of macular hemorrhages. Conclusion. It is necessary to determine the approach to the choice of treatment tactics for patients with Valsalva retinopathy in a timely and differentiated manner, taking into account the prescription of the pathological process, the localization and volume of hemorrhage. Key words: macular hemorrhage, preretinal hemorrhage, internal limiting membrane (ILM), Valsalva retinopathy.

scholarly journals Changes in Macular Perfusion Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Following 3 Intravitreal Monthly Bevacizumab Injections for Diabetic Macular Edema in the IMPACT Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Elnahry ◽  
Ahmed A. Abdel-Kader ◽  
Karim A. Raafat ◽  
Khaled Elrakhawy
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Macular Area ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background This study was done to evaluate macular perfusion changes following intravitreal bevacizumab injections for diabetic macular edema (DME) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (SD-OCTA). Methods This study was a prospective noncomparative interventional case series. Treatment naïve patients with DME were recruited at Cairo University retina clinic and underwent full ophthalmological examination and SD-OCTA scanning at baseline and after 3 intravitreal bevacizumab injections. Both the 6X6 and 3X3-mm macular scan protocols were used. Pre and post-treatment OCTA images were automatically aligned using a commercially available retina alignment software (i2k Align Retina software) then the fractal dimension (FD), vascular density (VD), and skeleton VD changes were obtained at the full retinal thickness (Full) and superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses after processing images using a semi-automated program. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was manually measured and FD was calculated using the FracLac plugin of ImageJ. Results Forty eyes of 26 patients were included. Following injections, there was an 8.1% increase in FAZ, 1.3% decrease in FD-Full and FD-SCP, 1.9% decrease in FD-DCP, 8% decrease in VD-Full, 9.1% decrease in VD-SCP, 10.6% decrease in VD-DCP, 13.3% decrease in skeleton VD-Full, 12.5% decrease in skeleton VD-SCP, and 16.3% decrease in skeleton VD-DCP in the 6X6 mm macular area, and a 2.6% decrease in FD-Full, 3.4% decrease in FD-SCP, 11.5% decrease in VD-Full, 14.3% decrease in VD-SCP, and 25.1% decrease in skeleton VD-SCP in the 3X3 mm macular area which were all statistically significant (p<0.05). There was also an 8.3% increase in the FAZ, 18.5% decrease in skeleton VD-Full, 2.6% decrease in FD-DCP, 8.8% decrease in VD-DCP, and 19.7% decrease in skeleton VD-DCP in the 3X3 mm macular area but these were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Using univariate and multivariate analysis, the pre-treatment FD, VD, and skeleton VD at each capillary layer significantly negatively correlated with the change in FD, VD, and skeleton VD at the corresponding capillary layer respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion OCTA is a useful non-invasive tool for quantitative evaluation of macular perfusion changes following DME treatment. Trial Registration Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on August 11, 2017 (Study ID: NCT03246152).

Optical Coherence Tomography and Pattern Electroretinography Changes in Egyptian Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa S ElShaarawi ◽  
Ayman A Gaafar ◽  
Hisham S. Saad Eldin ◽  
Randa H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pattern Electroretinography

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects nearly 11.1-14.6 % of the population in their lifetime. Pathophysiology and brain imaging findings show that degenerative and inflammatory processes may play a role. Meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies in MDD demonstrated significant gray matter loss. From anatomical and embryological perspectives, the retina can be considered a unique extension of the brain and is able to reflect axonal histopathology. Being unmyelinated, it can provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of diseases with a neurodegenerative element. Aim to compare retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in a group of MDD patients with a healthy control group and to correlate OCT parameters with pattern electroretinography (PERG) parameters. Method a controlled cross sectional study was conducted on 30 MDD patients and 28 age and sex matched controls. Both groups had a full ophthalmological examination, OCT imaging and 7 patients and 11 controls have PERG recorded. Results Thinning of the superior retinal nerve fiber layer, thinning of most of the ganglion cell inner plexiform (GCIP) layer, thinning of most of the macular thickness and thinning of macular volume in both eyes were detected. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the left GCIP layer and the amplitude of the N95 wave. Also a statistically significant negative correlation existed between MDD duration in years with the left eye's average volume of the outer ring of the macula. Conclusion Significant retinal changes were detected by OCT in MDD patients supporting the theory of neurodegeneration as a pathophysiology of MDD.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema compared to diabetic macular oedema: qualitative and quantitative evaluation of retinal vasculature

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1684-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Sacconi ◽  
Eleonora Corbelli ◽  
Adriano Carnevali ◽  
Stefano Mercuri ◽  
Alessandro Rabiolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Oedema ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Cystoid Macular Oedema ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retinal Vasculature ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence

AimsTo describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) abnormalities of patients with pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema (PCMO) before and after pharmacological resolution, compared with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and normal eyes.MethodsIn this retrospective, observational study, 44 eyes (30 patients) were included: 15 eyes (15 patients) affected by PCMO; 14 healthy fellow eyes used as negative control group; 15 eyes (15 age-matched and sex-matched patients) with DMO used as positive control group. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination at baseline, including OCT-A scans of the macula through AngioPlex CIRRUS-5000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, USA). Patients with PCMO and DMO were re-evaluated after the pharmacological resolution of cystoid macular oedema (CMO).ResultsDisruption of parafoveal capillary arcade and cystoid spaces in deep capillary plexus (DCP) were frequent in patients with PCMO and DMO (73% and 100%, 87% and 100%). Capillary abnormalities and non-perfusion greyish areas in DCP were more frequent in DMO (P<0.001 and P=0.014). Patients with PCMO showed a larger foveal avascular zone area in DCP at baseline (P<0.001), which significantly reduced after treatment (P=0.001). Vessel density of full-thickness retina and DCP was reduced in patients with PCMO (P=0.022 and P=0.001), and no changes were observed after treatment. Interestingly, DCP appeared less represented in patients with DMO than PCMO subjects (P=0.001).ConclusionsPatients with PCMO have an impairment of mainly DCP, partially reversible after treatment. Furthermore, we disclosed that different alterations of the retinal vasculature characterise CMO derived from two different diseases, namely PCMO and DMO, and this could be due to their distinct pathophysiology.

Topographic Analysis of Short Posterior Ciliary Arteries Using Wide-Field Swept-Source En-Face Optical Coherence Tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Lejoyeux ◽  
Raphael Atia ◽  
Kiran Vupparaboina ◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Jose-Alain Sahel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Temporal Part ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Topographic Analysis ◽  
En Face ◽  
Ciliary Arteries

Abstract Purpose: To study the topographic distribution of the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) entry sites into the choroid in normal eyes using structural en-face swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods: Retrospective analysis of SS-OCT scans (wide-field structural SS-OCT 12x12mm) of 13 healthy subjects was performed. Cross-sectional swept-source OCT scans derived from a volume scan were represented as en-face image display following the Choroid-Scleral Interface to obtain en-face OCT. SPCAs in their last scleral location before choroidal entrance were identified manually, counted and localized by two masked observers. Correlations between two masked observers were analyzed using inter- and intra- class correlation. Results: Accuracy for the choroidal inner and outer border segmentation was 95-99%. Eighteen eyes from 13 normal subjects were included for SPCA analysis. The mean number of arteries was 13.8±3.5 per eye. Thirty-six percent were in the center of the posterior pole image; however, 21% were in the temporal part of the posterior pole. Median accuracy of the detection is 0.94. The correlation between the two observers was fair (0.54).Conclusion: Our algorithm allows visualization of the SPCA at the posterior pole of the eye using wide-field en-face SS-OCT. It can also help the clinicians to study the SPCAs in numerous ocular diseases, particularly its relationship with focal choroidal diseases.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography to Better understand Glaucoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Holló
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Optic Disk ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Vascular Structure ◽  
Macular Diseases ◽  
Noninvasive Assessment ◽  
Peripapillary Retina

ABSTRACT The term optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) comprises different OCT-based technologies which all allow noninvasive assessment of retinal perfusion, based on moving red blood cells. The main areas where OCTA is currently used are investigation of perfusion and vascular structure of the macular retina (e.g., in macular degenerations and diabetic macular diseases) and the disk and peripapillary retina (in glaucoma and other optic disk diseases). The current editorial provides a brief overview on the potential of OCTA and its use to measure perfusion in the peripapillary retina in glaucoma. How to cite this article Holló G. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography to Better understand Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(2):35-37.

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