scholarly journals EXTERNAL DEFENSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS OF JURCHEN CITES IN EASTERN XIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Г. Артемьева ◽  
С.В. Макиевский
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
North East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Natural Terrain ◽  
First Time

Государство Восточное Ся (1215–1233 гг.) было создано чжурчжэнями для защиты от монгольского вторжения на территории Северо-Востока Китая, в которую входил юг Дальнего Востока России. При строительстве городов-крепостей широко использовались естественно-географические условия. Горный ландшафт создавал возможность строить горные городища в распадках сопок, используя природные условия как дополнительные преграды. При исследовании фортификационных сооружений Шайгинского городища были выявлены основные и дополнительные оборонные сооружения чжурчжэньских укрепленных поселений, прослежена эволюция средневекового оборонного зодчества Дальнего Востока. В наиболее уязвимых местах возводились внешние дополнительные сооружения – реданы и отсекающие валы. Редан Шайгинского городища представлял собой сооружение шириной около 30 м, окруженное тремя валами и тремя рвами. В качестве дополнительного укрепления применялись отсекающие рвы, которые перекрывали подходы по мысам к городищу. На Шайгинском городище прослежено четыре отсекающих рва. Внешние фортификационные сооружения в виде редана и отсекающих рвов выполняли функцию первой линии защиты чжурчжэньских городов-крепостей. Эти укрепления впервые зафиксированы на горных городищах периода государства Восточного Ся. Их можно считать достижением чжурчжэньских градостроителей XIII в. The Eastern Xia Kingdom(1215–1233) was established by the Jurchens to defend themselves against invasions of the Mongols in North-East Chinathat included the southern parts of the Far East of Russia. Local topographic features were widely used in construction of city fortresses. Mountain landscape provided an opportunity to build mountainous fortified settlements into narrow valleys of sopkas to follow the natural terrain contours and use them to create additional obstacles. Excavations of the Shayginskoye hillfort revealed main and additional defensive constructions of Jurchen fortified settlements tracing the evolution of medieval defensive architecture in the Far East. Additional external constructions such as redans and cut-off ramparts were erected in soft spots of fortifications. The redan of the Shayginskoye hillfort was a construction around 20 mwide which was surrounded with three ramparts and three ditches. Cut-off ditches that closed access to the hillfort through promontories were used as an additional obstacle. Four cut-off ditches were identified at the Shayginskoye hillfort. External fortification constructions such as redans and cut-off ditches served to be the first defensive line of Jurchen fortress cities. This type of fortifications was recorded for the first time in mountainous hillforts of Eastern Xia. They can be regarded as an achievement of Jurchen town planners of the 13th century.

scholarly journals Review of the millipede genus Levizonus Attems, 1898, with description of a new species from the Far East of Russia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 159-184
Author(s):  
Elena V. Mikhaljova
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Far East ◽  
East China ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
North East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The genus Levizonus Attems, 1898 is rediagnosed and shown to contain eight species from Russia (Far East), North Korea, Japan and North-East China. One species is described here as new to science: Levizonus nakhodka sp. nov. A new formal synonym is proposed: Levizonus circularis Takakuwa, 1942 = Levizonus variabilis Lokschina & Golovatch, 1977 syn. nov., the valid name being the former. Levizonus circularis Takakuwa, 1942 is recorded for the fauna of China for the first time. All currently known species of Levizonus are included in a key, mapped and discussed.

STECCHERINUM AURANTILAETUM (CORNER) BERNICCHIA ET GORJÓN (BASIDIOMYCOTA) IN THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Bukharova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Far East ◽  
Original Description ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
First Time

Steccherinum aurantilaetum is a predominantly East Asian polyporoid fungus from the Steccherinaceae. It was first discovered in the Krasnoarmeisky District of the Primorye and in the Khabarovsk Territory. Previously, it was known only in the «Kedrovaya Pad» Nature Reserve in the Primorye and in the «Bastak» Nature Reserve in the Jewish Autonomous Region (for the territory of Russia). An original description of the species based on Far Eastern material is given, and a map of the general distribution of S. aurantilaetum is presented for the first time.

scholarly journals Impact of forest growth conditions on the wood density: the case of Amur Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Romanova ◽  
Alexander B. Zhirnov ◽  
Natalia A. Yust ◽  
Xu Fucheng
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Far East ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Density Determination ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time

Abstract The problem of determining the dependence of the chainsaw on the density of wood, substantiation of effective options for the number of chainsaws in the assortment and whiplash method of logging is quite relevant. In the Far East of Russia, in particular, in the Amur region, the forest growth conditions are different from the western ones, and therefore, the properties of the wood differ from the generally accepted ones. The article describes forest growth conditions that influence the properties of the wood in areas of the Amur region. Using the method of density determination, the density of larch, pine and birch were studied for first time in the areas of the region. The dependence of the density on humidity, age, species, season of the year and the area of growth was found out. The results of the research showed that under humidity of 70%, the density of larch was 1088.99 kg/m3, it was 919.8 kg/m3 for pine and it was for birch 915.9 kg/m3.

New records of bark beetle-associated mites of the genus Pleuronectocelaeno Vitzthum (Mesostigmata: Celaenopsidae) in Asian Russia with first description of male of Pleuronectocelaeno japonica Kinn

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2259
Author(s):  
Viacheslav A. Trach ◽  
Alexander A. Khaustov
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
New Records ◽  
Far East ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time

Three mite species of the genus Pleuronectocelaeno, P. barbara Athias-Henriot, P. japonica Kinn, and P. kinni Khaustov, were recorded in association with bark beetles in Asian Russia. The first description of male of P. japonica is provided. Pleuronectocelaeno kinni and P. barbara are recorded for the first time from Russia and the Far East of Russia, respectively. A key to the adults of Pleuronectocelaeno is presented.

First record of Sejanus juglandis Yas. from Russia and note on S. interruptus Reut. (Heteroptera: Miridae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
N.N. Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
First Record ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time

Sejanus juglandis Yas. is found in the Far East of Russia (Primorsk Terr.) for the first time. It is compared with S. potanini Dist. and S. interruptus Reut. Vesicae of S. juglandis and S. interruptus are figured.

New water mites species of the genus Aturus Kramer (Acariformes, Aturidae) from the Far East of Russia

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2933 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
KSENIA A. SEMENCHENKO ◽  
PETR V. TUZOVSKIJ
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Water Mites ◽  
Water Mite ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time

Illustrated descriptions of seven water mite species, Aturus triangularis sp. n., Aturus similis sp. n., Aturus sikhotealinensis sp. n., Aturus primoryensis sp. n., Aturus polysetus sp. n., Aturus pulcher sp. n., Aturus insolitus sp. n., from running waters of the Far East of Russia are presented. Aturus multiclavus Kim & Chung, 1993 and Aturus multisetus Kim & Chung, 1993 are reported from Russia for the first time.

Bees of the genus Panurginus in Siberia, Far East of Russia, and Allied Areas (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae, Panurginae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3112 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATIANA G. ROMANKOVA ◽  
YULIA V. ASTAFUROVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Far East ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time

The genus Panurginus Nylander of the Asian part of Palearctic is revised for the first time. 14 species are listed for Siberia, the Far East of Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Northern China. Lectotypes for P. alticolus F. Morawitz, 1876, P. herzi F. Morawitz, 1891 and P. labiatus Eversmann, 1852 are designated. Panurginus niger Nylander, 1848, the type species of the genus, was studied for the first time after it was described. Panurginus dubius Osytchnjuk, 1995 is a junior synonym of P. niger Nylander, 1848. Panurginus alticolus, P. crawfordi Cockerell, 1914, P. herzi F. Morawitz, P. labiatus, P. romani Aurivillius, 1914, P. niger and P. nigripes F. Morawitz, 1880, are redescribed and seven new species are described: P. alpotanini, P. arsenievi, P. kozlovi, P. kropotkini, P. mikhno, P. muraviovi, P. obruchevi. In Russia, P. alticolus and P. labiatus are first recorded for Siberia; P. alticolus is a new record, and one species is newly described from Kazakhstan; P. niger and P. herzi are first recorded, and two species described from Mongolia. A key to the 14 species with 118 illustrations, and annotated list along with data on types, synonymies, general geographical distribution, the material examined and descriptions for all species is presented.

New species and new records of Lesteva Latreille, 1797 (Coleoptera Staphylinidae: Omaliinae) from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4560 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
ZHI-FEI CHENG ◽  
LI-ZHEN LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Far East ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The Far East ◽  
First Time

New taxonomic, diagnostic and faunistic data for eighteen species of the genus Lesteva Latreille, 1797 from China are provided, of which three are described as new: L. (s.str.) concava Cheng, Li & Peng, sp. nov. (Anhui, Zhejiang), L. (s.str.) elongata Cheng, Li & Peng, sp. nov. (Zhejiang) and L. (s.str.) obesa Cheng, Li & Peng, sp. nov. (Chongqing). New provincial records are provided for L. (s.str.) brevimacula Ma & Li, 2012, L. (s.str.) cala Ma, Li & Zhao, 2012, L. (s.str.) cooteri Rougemont, 2000 and L. (s.str.) erythra Ma, Li & Zhao, 2012 from Anhui, L. (s.str.) dabashanensis Rougemont, 2000 from Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, L. (s.str.) elegantula Rougemont, 2000 from Anhui and Guizhou, L. (s.str.) fikaceki Shavrin, 2013 from Hunan, L. (s.str.) huabeiensis Rougemont, 2000 from Ningxia, L. (s.str.) ochra Li, Li & Zhao, 2005 from Anhui and Guizhou, L. (incertae sedis) rufimarginata Rougemont, 2000 from Hebei, L. (s.str.) rufopunctata rufopunctata Rougemont, 2000 from Qinghai, Anhui and Chongqing, L. (s.str.) submaculata Rougemont, 2000 from Anhui and Hubei.and Lesteva (s.str.) cordicollis Motschulsky, 1860, originally known from the Far East of Russia, is recorded from China (Heilongjiang) for the first time. The male sexual characters of L. rufimarginata Rougemont is described and illustrated for the first time. A key and some distribution maps of the Chinese species of Lesteva are provided. 

Species of the genus Harpocera Curt. from the Russian Far East (Heteroptera: Miridae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
N.N. Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Kuril Islands ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Kuril Islands ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eastern Species ◽  
The Russian Far East

Three species of the Palaearctic genus Harpocera Curt, are distributed in the Far East of Russia H. koreana Jos. is recorded from Russia for the first time, the hitherto unknown males of H. choii Jos. and H. koreana Jos. are described and compared with H. orientalis Kerzh. from the Kuril Islands. A key to the three Far Eastern species is given.

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