scholarly journals HISTORY OF GLASS-MAKING FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO THE LATE 1st - EARLY 2nd MILLENNIUM AD: DISCOVERIES, METHODS AND RESEARCH RESULTS PART 1. LATE BRONZE AGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 447-465
Author(s):  
О. С. Румянцева
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Glass Making ◽  
Archaeological Methods ◽  
Ancient Glass ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Process

Статья представляет собой обзор итогов ведущих мировых исследований 1990-2010-х гг. в области древнего стеклоделия эпохи поздней бронзы на территории Месопотамии, Египта, Греции и Малой Азии. Особое внимание уделено новым методам и подходам к изучению древнего стеклоделия (исследование концентраций следовых элементов и изотопного состава стекла), позволившим ставить и решать новые задачи при определении происхождения стекла. Согласно их итогам, стеклоделие уже на раннем этапе существования являлось многоэтапным процессом, в котором варка стекла и изготовление из него изделий были двумя специализированными видами ремесла. Для рассмотренного периода существование стекловаренных центров однозначно подтверждается для Египта и Месопотамии, причем в последнем случае ведущую роль в их выделении играют итоги лабораторных исследований, археологическими методами они не фиксируются. Мастерские микенской Греции и Малой Азии работали на привозных полуфабрикатах их Египта и Месопотамии. Выявлены признаки, позволяющие различать стекло, сваренное в Египте и различных центрах Месопотамии. The paper provides an overview of key world studies conducted in the 1990s-2010s on ancient glass-making in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Asia Minor during the Late Bronze Age. It focuses on new methods and approaches to the studies of ancient glass-making (examination of the concentration of trace elements and the isotopic composition of glass) that offered an opportunity to raise and address new tasks in determining glass provenance. The results of the studies show that, from the very early stage, glass-making was a multi-stage process where melting glass and making glass items were two specialized crafts. For the studied period existence of glass-making centers is reliably established for Egypt and Mesopotamia, in the latter case laboratory studies are of great importance as archaeological methods have not revealed any centers. Glass-making workshops in Mycenaean Greece and Asia Minor used imported raw glass from Egypt and Mesopotamia. Features that can distinguish between the production of Egyptian and Mesopotamian glassmaking centres were singled out.

The Late Cycladic Period: a Review

1981 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. N. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
History Of

Excavation and research in the Cyclades in the last thirty years have added substantially to the body of evidence for the Late Bronze Age in the islands. Whilst much of the excavated material is not yet fully published, our understanding of the culture and history of the LC period has been considerably extended. Below, I review this evidence and make some suggestions as to its interpretation.

scholarly journals Isotopic evidence for the use of Caucasian antimony in Late Bronze Age glass making

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 105195
Author(s):  
Patrick Degryse ◽  
Andrew J. Shortland ◽  
Sarah Dillis ◽  
Alicia van Ham-Meert ◽  
Frank Vanhaecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Isotopic Evidence ◽  
Glass Making

The basin of Ioannina in central Epirus, northwestern Greece, from the Early Iron Age to the Roman period

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 133-151
Author(s):  
Georgia Pliakou
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northwestern Greece

This article offers an overview of the habitation history of the basin of Ioannina Epirus, from the Early Iron Age to the Roman period. The numerous settlements in this region experienced continuous, often uninterrupted, habitation from the Late Bronze Age to the Hellenistic or even Roman Imperial period. The foundation of fortified settlements/acropoleis in the late fourth to early third century BC should no longer be interpreted as a result of a synoecism, since unfortified villages continued to flourish. From the Augustan period onwards, Romans seem to have settled in the area, although it is also possible that the local population adopted Roman habits.

Revisiting the Fosse Temple at Tel Lachish

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ido Koch
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Self ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural World

This paper reconsiders the Late Bronze Age history of the Fosse Temple at Lachish and reconstructs its context vis-à-vis the broader role of the local Canaanite cult. During the reign of Amenhotep iii the structure’s plan was modified to conform to Egyptian-style and there was a profusion of Egyptian imports to the site, primarily associated with the cult of Hathor. These facts reflect the cultic innovations that were taking place in Egypt itself—the self-deification of Amenhotep iii and his consort, Tiye, including her depiction and worship as Hathor. It is consequently argued that the translation of Hathor/Tiye into the local goddess, Elat, and its continuous practice until the late 13th century bc echo the integration of Egypt within the indigenous cultural world.

A Mycenaean sword from Boğazköy–Hattusa found in 1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 213-215
Author(s):  
O. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Trojan War ◽  
Western Asia

This paper deals with a bronze sword found during repair work on a road close to the Hittite capital of Hattusas in central Anatolia. It carries an Akkadian inscription stating that it was taken as booty by the Hittite king Tuthaliyas II during his campaign in the Assuwa country of western Asia Minor, c.1430 BC. The content of the inscription may be evidence of Ahhiyawan-Mycenaean Greek warfare in western Asia Minor in the Late Bronze Age, and/or of a historical background for the Trojan war.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Late Bronze Age Glass from Nuzi and the Question of the Origin of Glass-Making

Archaeometry ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Shortland ◽  
S. Kirk ◽  
K. Eremin ◽  
P. Degryse ◽  
M. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Glass Making

scholarly journals TRYPILLIA CULTURE SITE YANCHA 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Videiko
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Painted Pottery ◽  
Coherent Picture ◽  
Culture Site

Six settlements of Trypillia culture are known near Hrebeni village in Kaharlyk Region of Kyiv Oblast by now. Investigations of this sites started in the early 1960s plans are made using magnetic prospecting for five of them. Publishing of a small collection of finds from one of them, originating from Yancha 1 location, is an important step towards creating a coherent picture of the 500-year history of a small group of Trypillia population which belonged to Kolomyishchyna local group at the micro-regional level. Some finds of painted pottery demonstrate connections with Tomashivka local group located in more than 100 kilometers to south. Later, this place was settled in the Late Bronze Age and the 4th century AD (Cherniakhiv culture).

scholarly journals Re-Evaluation of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Chronology of the Western Belgian Urnfields Based on 14C Dating of Cremated Bones

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy De Mulder ◽  
Mark van Strydonck ◽  
Mathieu Boudin ◽  
Walter Leclercq ◽  
Nicolas Paridaens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Occupational History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The urnfields in western Belgium have been studied since the second half of the 20th century. Most of these studies, as well as the excavations themselves, date from before the last quarter of the 20th century, except for the urnfields at Velzeke and Blicquy, which were excavated recently. The chronology of these cemeteries was largely based on typochronological studies of pottery. Other funeral gifts, like bronze objects in the graves, are rather exceptional. The typochronology was worked out in a comparison with the framework of neighboring regions and central Europe. There was a need, then, for a chronology based on absolute dates. This was only possible by radiocarbon dating of the cremated bones. Tests on duplicate samples, like cremated bone in context with charcoal or 2 depositions of cremated bones within 1 urn, have shown that the results are reproducible and that there is no discrepancy between the charcoal and the cremated bone dates.The results of the 14C dating project on the cremated bones of the 2 urnfields at Velzeke and the one at Blicquy are promising. The interpretation of the occupational history of both sites at Velzeke can be revised, and the currently accepted ceramic sequence for this period needs reworking. In addition, the chronological framework of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age is open for discussion. It seems plausible that the urnfield phenomenon starts earlier in western Belgium than previously expected. These dates can also contribute to the discussion about the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age.

Homer and History: Iliad 9.381-4

Mnemosyne ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe description of Orkhomenos and Egyptian Thebes in Akhilleus' famous comparison at Iliad 9.381-4 seems to reflect the political and economic climate of the Late Bronze Age, and not the seventh century as Walter Burkert has argued in an influential article (1976). A Mycenaean context is indicated by two factors: (1) the idea that wealth 'goes into' (πoτινíσεται, 9.381) a city fits well with Mycenaean economics, but is individual within the Homeric poems; (2) the history of the thirteenth century explains both the onomastic equation between Egyptian and Boiotian Thebes and the replacement of the latter by the former in the comparison.

Phylakopi 1911 and the History of the Later Cycladic Bronze Age

1974 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 1-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
British School ◽  
External Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

For many years, interpretation of the history of the Middle and Late Bronze Age in the Cyclades has depended almost entirely on the late nineteenth-century excavations of the British School at Phylakopi on Melos. This site has been especially significant as the only one with a comprehensive stratigraphie sequence.Recent major excavations on Kea (Ayia Irini) and Thera (Akrotiri) have vastly increased our knowledge of the second-millennium Cyclades, but Phylakopi remains of outstanding importance. From the publication and from the Daybooks kept by Duncan Mackenzie it is clear that the technical standards of the excavation were extremely high for their time. It is unfortunate, however, that precise details about the contexts of individual finds are lacking from Phylakopi. Such details are vital if we are to make any useful reassessment of the history and external relations of the site in terms of subsequent excavations and studies.

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