The goal of this study was to better depict the short-term risk of stroke and its associated factors among SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients.
Data Source:
This multicenter, multinational observational study includes hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients from North and South America (United States, Canada, and Brazil), Europe (Greece, Italy, Finland, and Turkey), Asia (Lebanon, Iran, and India), and Oceania (New Zealand).
Main Outcomes and Measures:
The outcome was the risk of subsequent stroke (ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral venous/sinus thrombosis). The counts and clinical characteristics including laboratory findings and imaging of the patients with and without a subsequent stroke were recorded according to a predefined study protocol.
Data Extraction and Synthesis:
Quality, risk of bias, and heterogeneity assessments were conducted according to ROBINS-E and Cochrane Q-test. The risk of subsequent stroke was estimated through meta-analyses with random effect models. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors with the outcome measure. The study was reported according to the STROBE, MOOSE, and EQUATOR guidelines.
Results:
We received data from 18,311 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients from 77 tertiary centers in 46 regions of 11 countries until May 1
st
, 2020. A total of 17,799 patients were included in meta-analyses. Among them, 156(0.9%) patients had a stroke—123(79%) ischemic stroke, 27(17%) intracerebral/subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 6(4%) cerebral sinus thrombosis. Subsequent stroke risks calculated with meta-analyses, under low to moderate heterogeneity, were 0.5% among all centers in all countries, and 0.7% among countries with higher health expenditures. The need for mechanical ventilation (OR: 1.9, 95% CI:1.1-3.5,
p
= 0.03) and the presence of ischemic heart disease (OR: 2.5, 95% CI:1.4-4.7,
p
=0·006) were predictive of stroke.
Conclusion and Relevance:
The results of this multi-national study on hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection indicated an overall stroke risk of 0.5% (pooled risk: 0.9%). The need for mechanical ventilation and the history of ischemic heart disease are the independent predictors of stroke among SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Risk Factors for Undernutrition at Admission Among Adult Hospitalized Patients at a Referral Hospital in Indonesia