Naltrexone and the Reduction of Self-injurious Behaviour in Patients With Intellectual Disability and Autism: A Case Series

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shushan Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Case Series

scholarly journals The intellectual disability of trisomy 21: differences in gene expression in a case series of patients with lower and higher IQ

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1253-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Mégarbané ◽  
Florian Noguier ◽  
Samantha Stora ◽  
Laurent Manchon ◽  
Clotilde Mircher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Case Series

scholarly journals A Family Study of Consanguinity in Children with Intellectual Disabilities in Barwani, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Lakhan ◽  
Rajshekhar Bipeta ◽  
Srinivasa S. R. R. Yerramilli ◽  
Vinayak K. Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deviant Case

ABSTRACT Background: Intellectual disability (ID) can be inherited in families through consanguineous marriage. The ID in an individual can be associated with the ID, epilepsy, and mental illness in their parents. Such connections can be seen more closely among consanguineous marriages in tribal and nontribal population in India. Objective: This study shows a few common patterns of the consanguineous relationship in the parents of children with ID in India. Materials and Methods: This is a case series research design. Extreme or deviant case sampling was applied. Data were collected in homes, camps, and clinical settings in the Barwani district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The patterns of consanguineous marriages and the relationship between children with ID and their relatives with ID, epilepsy, and mental illness were analyzed and reported with pedigree charts. Results: Multiple patterns of consanguineous marriages in tribal and nontribal populations were observed. ID was found to be associated in children with their relatives of the first, second, and third generations. Conclusion: ID may inherit in individuals from their relatives of the first, second, and third generations who have ID, epilepsy, or mental illness and married in the relationship. Appropriate knowledge, guidance, and counseling may be provided to potential couples before planning a consanguineous marriage.

Pathologic Aerophagia in Patients with Intellectual Disability: A Review of its Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S477-S477
Author(s):  
S. Sajith ◽  
W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Abdominal Radiograph ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Behaviour Therapy

BackgroundPathologic aerophagia is characterised by excessive swallowing of air resulting in significant abdominal distension or belching. This is a relatively rare condition in general population but has been reported in up to 8.8% of institutionalized patients with intellectual disability (ID). In severe cases, this can cause volvulus and ileus, and even intestinal perforation. Currently, there is limited information on this potentially life-threatening condition, particularly for people with ID.AimTo review the up to date literature on the pathophysiology, clinical features and management strategies of pathologic aerophagia in relation to people with ID.MethodsA literature search of electronic database was performed using specific keywords. Review articles were selected using pre-defined criteria.ResultsApart from a few small controlled trials on pharmacotherapy, most of the studies were case series or uncontrolled studies. The understanding on pathophysiology is incomplete but is thought to involve a reflex-induced movement of upper oesophageal sphincter and may be associated with anxiety or stress. A comprehensive history and physical examination as well as an abdominal radiograph may be helpful in diagnosis. The mainstay of treatment is reassurance and behaviour therapy. Medications that are helpful include antacids, anti-reflux drugs and benzodiazepines. Surgical treatment is recommended for patients who do not respond to conservative treatment.ConclusionsPathologic aerophagia is not uncommon in people with ID and can present with severe challenges in the assessment and management. Further studies are necessary to provide evidence-based treatment guidelines for the management of this condition particularly in patients with ID.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals A phenomenological approach to diagnosing psychosis in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: a case series

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Rahul Rai ◽  
Samuel Tromans ◽  
Chaya Kapugama ◽  
Verity Chester ◽  
Ignatius Gunaratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The diagnosis of psychosis in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) poses a unique clinical challenge. The presence of intellectual disability (ID) further complicates the diagnostic picture. Reliable and timely diagnosis of psychosis in such individuals minimises the duration of untreated psychotic symptoms and the subsequent impact on the quality of life of the patients concerned. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The authors present four patients with psychosis, ASD and ID, who have received care within forensic mental health and ID settings. These examples demonstrate the interaction between these conditions, as well as issues pertaining to diagnosis and management. Findings In all four patients, sustained use of antipsychotic medication was objectively associated with an improvement in psychotic symptoms and quality of life. In instances where autistic phenomena were accentuated upon development of psychosis, such features returned to the baseline levels evident prior to the onset of psychosis. Practical implications The discussion and related case examples could improve the understanding of the possibility of psychosis in individuals with ASD and ID, and increase awareness of this diagnostic possibility among healthcare professionals. Originality/value This is the first published case series illustrating the challenges of diagnosing psychosis in individuals with ASD and ID.

Development of Deaf Adults with Intellectual Disability in a Therapeutic Living Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Johannes Fellinger ◽  
Doris Linzner ◽  
Daniel Holzinger ◽  
Magdalena Dall ◽  
Maria Fellinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Adaptive Skills ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Deaf Adults ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract People with intellectual disabilities who are deaf face obstacles participating in social environments that do not take into account their need for accessible visual communication. In the present case series, we describe the development of the adaptive skills profiles of eight participants in a fully inclusive therapeutic living community, designed specifically for people with developmental disabilities who are deaf and focused on supporting communication, social relationships, conflict resolution, and work satisfaction. Adaptive skills ratings collected at enrollment and twelve years later suggest increases in social awareness and community living, whereas personal care and homemaking showed relatively little change.

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