HAEMORRHAGIC NECROTIC BRAIN LESIONS AND IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE CAUSED BY SERRATIA MARCESCENS IN A PREMATURE NEONATE

✓ The ability of a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (D-CPP-ene) to reduce irreversible brain damage has been examined in a rodent model of acute subdural hematoma. Acute subdural hematoma was produced by the slow injection of 400 µl homologous blood into the subdural space overlying the parietal cortex in halothane-anesthetized rats. Brain damage was assessed histologically in sections at multiple coronal planes in animals sacrificed 4 hours after induction of the subdural hematoma. Pretreatment with D-CPP-ene (15 mg/kg) significantly reduced the volume of ischemic brain damage produced by the subdural hematoma from 62 ± 8 cu mm (mean ± standard error of the mean) in vehicle-treated control rats to 29 ± 7 cu mm in drug-treated animals. These data demonstrate the anti-ischemic efficacy of NMDA antagonists in an animal model of intracranial hemorrhage in which intracranial pressure is elevated, and suggest that excitotoxic mechanisms (which are susceptible to antagonism by D-CPP-ene) may play a role in the ischemic brain damage which is observed in patients who die after acute subdural hematoma.

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Iodine deficiency conditions in the Tukayevsky District of Tatarstan

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj84088 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 377-377

Author(s):

Z. M. Zakirov ◽

R. M. Kharisova

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Brain Damage ◽

Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Endemic Goiter ◽

Entire Population ◽

Irreversible Brain Damage ◽

Intellectual Potential

Iodine is a micronutrient: the daily requirement is 100-200 mcg. The most obvious manifestation of iodine deficiency is endemic goiter. Iodine deficiency increases the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism and leads to irreversible brain damage in the fetus and newborn. In addition to pronounced forms of mental retardation, iodine deficiency causes a decrease in the intellectual potential of the entire population living in an area of iodine deficiency.

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Commonalities and Discrepancies in the Relationships between Behavioural Outcome and the Results of Neuroimaging in Brain-Damaged Patients

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/1996/978368 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 45-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hans J. Markowitsch ◽

Pasquale Calabrese

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Brain Damage ◽

Brain Lesions ◽

Cumulative Effects ◽

Personality Factors ◽

The Brain ◽

Outcome Predictions

Variables which are of influence in establishing clear predictions of neuropsychological alterations from neuroradiological data (and vice versa) are documented and discussed. It is concluded that personality factors and the kind and locus of brain lesions are the most crucial determinants. The locus of the brain damage may have cumulative effects either when it is situated in a strategic place (usually within the white matter, affecting interneuronal communication) or when various types of lesions appear superimposed (combination of focal and diffuse lesions). Consequently, the consideration of the patient's personality background and of as many neuropsychological facts as possible may considerably increase the validity of outcome predictions. When static or dynamic neuroimaging fails to show abnormalities in spite of obvious psychological alterations, an intensive neuropsychological documentation may even replace neuroradiology.

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Familial Hemiplegic Migraine with Irreversible Brain Damage.

Internal Medicine ◽

10.2169/internalmedicine.37.166 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 166-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Ryuichiro HAYASHI ◽

Hiroshi TACHIKAWA ◽

Ryo WATANABE ◽

Masao HONDA ◽

Yasushi KATSUMATA

Keyword(s):

Brain Damage ◽

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽

Hemiplegic Migraine ◽

Irreversible Brain Damage

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Children With Irreversible Brain Damage Associated With Hypothyroidism and Multiple Intracranial Calcifications

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/088307380201700416 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Junko Arii ◽

Yuzo Tanabe ◽

Michiko Makino ◽

Hirokazu Sato ◽

Yoichi Kohno

Keyword(s):

Brain Damage ◽

Intracranial Calcifications ◽

Irreversible Brain Damage

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IRREVERSIBLE BRAIN DAMAGE AND RELATED PROBLEMS: PRONOUNCEMENT OF DEATH

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society ◽

10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb02833.x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 816-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. P. Ivan

Keyword(s):

Brain Damage ◽

Irreversible Brain Damage

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Serum Neuron-specific Enolase as a Prognostic Marker for Irreversible Brain Damage in Comatose Cardiac Arrest Survivors

Academic Emergency Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03399.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 126-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Patrick Martens

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Brain Damage ◽

Prognostic Marker ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Irreversible Brain Damage ◽

Serum Neuron Specific Enolase

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An “Ecological” Constructional Test

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.51 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

pp. 51-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luigi Trojano ◽

Renato Angelini ◽

Paolo Gallo ◽

Dario Grossi

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Brain Damage ◽

Daily Living ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Brain Lesions ◽

General Intelligence ◽

Left Brain ◽

Significant Detrimental Effect

We describe a simple, three-dimensional constructional test (the Box test), which reflects common daily-living activities, to be used for the assessment of constructional disability in elderly brain-lesioned patients. Subjects are required to put as many of 12 objects of varied shape and volume as they can into a box. To carry out the task successfully subjects have to arrange the items according to an efficient constructional strategy. We administered this test to 68 normal subjects and to 50 brain-damaged patients. Analysis indicated the Box test is easy and simple to administer and can be used without difficulty by elderly patients having focal brain damage. Performance correlated well with general intelligence and other bidimensional, conventional constructional tasks. Right or left brain lesions have a similar, significant detrimental effect on performance but probably through different mechanisms.

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