Involvement of autophagy in regulation of nuclear copy number and cell death in Verticillium dahliae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vasvagg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Copy Number

Activation-Induced CD4+ T Cell Death in HIV-Positive Individuals Correlates with Fas Susceptibility, CD4+ T Cell Count, and HIV Plasma Viral Copy Number

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 1509-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Dockrell ◽  
A. D. Badley ◽  
A. Algeciras-Schimnich ◽  
M. Simpson ◽  
R. Schut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Viral Copy Number ◽  
Viral Copy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals A Verticillium dahliae Extracellular Cutinase Modulates Plant Immune Responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Jing Gui ◽  
Wen-Qi Zhang ◽  
Dan-Dan Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Dylan P. G. Short ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Plant Defense Responses

Cutinases have been implicated as important enzymes during the process of fungal infection of aerial plant organs. The function of cutinases in the disease cycle of fungal pathogens that invade plants through the roots has been less studied. Here, functional analysis of 13 cutinase (carbohydrate esterase family 5 domain–containing) genes (VdCUTs) in the highly virulent vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae Vd991 was performed. Significant sequence divergence in cutinase family members was observed in the genome of V. dahliae Vd991. Functional analyses demonstrated that only VdCUT11, as purified protein, induced cell death and triggered defense responses in Nicotiana benthamiana, cotton, and tomato plants. Virus-induced gene silencing showed that VdCUT11 induces plant defense responses in Nicotiana benthamania in a BAK1 and SOBIR-dependent manner. Furthermore, coinfiltration assays revealed that the carbohydrate-binding module family 1 protein (VdCBM1) suppressed VdCUT11-induced cell death and other defense responses in N. benthamiana. Targeted deletion of VdCUT11 in V. dahliae significantly compromised virulence on cotton plants. The cutinase VdCUT11 is an important secreted enzyme and virulence factor that elicits plant defense responses in the absence of VdCBM1.

[P2-140]: ABNORMAL CHROMOSOME COPY NUMBER AND ASSOCIATED NEURONAL CELL DEATH IN FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_13) ◽  
pp. P661-P661
Author(s):  
Julbert Caneus ◽  
Antoneta Granic ◽  
Rosa Rademakers ◽  
Dennis W. Dickson ◽  
Christina M. Coughlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Abnormal Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Copy Number

Population variation in NAIP functional copy number confers increased cell death upon Legionella pneumophila infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Boniotto ◽  
Ludovic Tailleux ◽  
Mariella Lomma ◽  
Brigitte Gicquel ◽  
Carmen Buchrieser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Functional Copy

scholarly journals The 2μm Plasmid Causes Cell Death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a Mutation in Ulp1 Protease

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 4299-4310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Dobson ◽  
Andrew J. Pickett ◽  
Soundarapandian Velmurugan ◽  
Jordan B. Pinder ◽  
Lori A. Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy Number ◽  
Partial Deletion ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Protein Substrates ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Complete Deletion

ABSTRACT The 2μm circle plasmid confers no phenotype in wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae but in a nib1 mutant, an elevated plasmid copy number is associated with cell death. Complementation was used to identify nib1 as a mutant allele of the ULP1 gene that encodes a protease required for removal of a ubiquitin-like protein, Smt3/SUMO, from protein substrates. The nib1 mutation replaces conserved tryptophan 490 with leucine in the protease domain of Ulp1. Complete deletion of ULP1 is lethal, even in a strain that lacks the 2μm circle. Partial deletion of ULP1, like the nib1 mutation, results in clonal variations in plasmid copy number. In addition, a subset of these mutant cells produces lineages in which all cells have reduced proliferative capacity, and this phenotype is dependent upon the presence of the 2μm circle. Segregation of the 2μm circle requires two plasmid-encoded proteins, Rep1 and Rep2, which were found to colocalize with Ulp1 protein in the nucleus and interact with Smt3 in a two-hybrid assay. These associations and the observation of missegregation of a fluorescently tagged 2μm circle reporter plasmid in a subset of ulp1 mutant cells suggest that Smt3 modification plays a role in both plasmid copy number control and segregation.

scholarly journals Verticillium dahliae secreted protein Vd424Y is required for full virulence, targets the nucleus of plant cells, and induces cell death

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisen Liu ◽  
Zhaohan Wang ◽  
Jianing Li ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
Jiachen Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Secreted Protein

scholarly journals Копийность рибосомной ДНК (рДНК) в геномах женщин как фактор успешности ЭКО и наличия осложнений беременности

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Пороховник ◽  
Н.Н. Вейко ◽  
Е.С. Ершова ◽  
А.А. Полеткина ◽  
Г.В. Шмарина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy ◽  
Rdna Copy ◽  
Rdna Copy Number

Определено количество копий рибосомных повторов (рДНК) в геномах женщин с нормальной и осложненной беременностью, а также женщин, подвергшихся процедуре экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО). Кроме того, измеряли содержание GC-богатой рДНК в образцах внеклеточной ДНК (вкДНК), полученных от женщин с нормальной и осложненной беременностью. Показано, что геномы более половины женщин с патологией беременности содержали либо больше, либо меньше копий рДНК, чем у любой женщины из контрольной группы. Также обнаружено более высокое содержание рДНК во вкДНК пациенток с осложненной беременностью, что свидетельствует о наличии хронического процесса аномальной гибели клеток в группе женщин с патологией беременности. Можно сделать принципиальный вывод: поскольку беременность является тяжелой нагрузкой на организм женщины, для успешного вынашивания требуется сбалансированный биогенез рибосом. Женщины как с низкой, так и с очень высокой копийностью рДНК имеют более высокую вероятность повышенного уровня апоптоза и попадания в группу риска. Параметр «число копий рДНК в геноме женщины» может служить дополнительным прогностическим маркером потенциальных осложнений беременности у женщины. Женщины с низким или высоким количеством копий рибосомных генов в геноме нуждаются в более внимательном ведении беременности. Показатели количества копий рДНК в геномах женщин с неудачными попытками ЭКО были значимо ниже, чем в геномах двух остальных групп. Этот факт говорит о том, что копийность рДНК в геноме является одним из факторов, влияющих на успех процедуры ЭКО. Если индвивидуальное число копий рДНК в геноме женщины меньше, чем 330, высок риск неудачного ЭКО. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования данного вопроса. As pregnancy is a stressful load for a woman, any stress-resistance factor is relevant to it. According to recent reports, ribosomal gene copy number in the genome is associated with the individual stress-resistance. We determined copy numbers of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in genomes of pregnant women with normal and complicated pregnancy, and women after in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure. We also measured the contents of GC-rich rDNA in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) derived from normal controls and complicated pregnancy cases. We have shown that genomes of more than a half of DNA samples from women with pregnancy pathology harbor either more, or less rDNA copies than any woman from the control group. We also found higher rDNA contents in cfDNA isolated from complicated pregnancy cases suggesting the presence of a permanent cell death process in pathology cases. A principal conclusion can be made: women with low rDNA copy numbers and with very high numbers can have higher cell death rates and belong to the risk group. The parameter «rDNA copy number in woman’s genome» can be an additional prognostic marker for eventual pregnancy complications in the woman. The numbers of rDNA copies in the genomes of women with failed IVF attempts was significantly lower than in the genomes of patients with succesfull outcome, suggesting that rDNA copy number in the genome is one of the factors that affect the success of the IVF procedure. If the individual rDNA copy number is under 330, the risk of IVF failure is high. Further studies are warranted.

scholarly journals CRISPR-mediated biocontainment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Castanon ◽  
Cory J. Smith ◽  
Parastoo Khoshakhlagh ◽  
Raphael Ferreira ◽  
Marc Güell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Repetitive Nature ◽  
Mammalian Genomes

AbstractWe have exploited the repetitive nature of transposable elements of the human genome to generate synthetic circuits. Transposable elements such as LINE-1 and Alu have successfully replicated in mammalian genomes throughout evolution to reach a copy number ranging from thousands to more than a million. Targeting these repetitive elements with programmable DNA nucleases such as CRISPR-Cas9 rapidly induce extremely high levels of cell death. We use this genotoxic feature to build synthetic biocontainment circuits: CRISPR defense system (CRISPR-DS) capable of preventing CRISPR genome editing, and we introduce the proof-of-concept of CRISPR Safety-Switch, an inducible, stringent and non-leaky kill-switch capable of clearing out cell lines resistant to DNA breaks.

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