scholarly journals A Method for Real Time Detection of Reaction Endpoints Using a Moving Window T-Test of in Situ Time Course Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse N. Towns ◽  
John Guo ◽  
Alexander O'Brien ◽  
Robert W. Bondi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
T Test ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Test Algorithm

In-line mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to monitor a reaction which had a highly inconsistent rate due to sensitivity to changes in process parameters and the quality of the starting materials. Accurate determination of the endpoint in real time was needed to prevent formation of an impurity by degradation of the product. A moving window t-test algorithm was used to predict and determine the endpoint by analysis of FTIR trends during the reaction. The method was selected because it determined the endpoint in the correct range for reactions with different process parameters and data collected with different FTIR instruments. During development, the FTIR and t-test algorithm were used to monitor reactions for feasibility studies, process optimization, use tests, robustness DoE, and scale up to pilot plant. The method for monitoring the reaction may be useful in a GMP manufacturing environment where sampling and analysis are time consuming. <br>

scholarly journals A Method for Real Time Detection of Reaction Endpoints Using a Moving Window T-Test of in Situ Time Course Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse N. Towns ◽  
John Guo ◽  
Alexander O'Brien ◽  
Robert W. Bondi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
T Test ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Test Algorithm

In-line mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to monitor a reaction which had a highly inconsistent rate due to sensitivity to changes in process parameters and the quality of the starting materials. Accurate determination of the endpoint in real time was needed to prevent formation of an impurity by degradation of the product. A moving window t-test algorithm was used to predict and determine the endpoint by analysis of FTIR trends during the reaction. The method was selected because it determined the endpoint in the correct range for reactions with different process parameters and data collected with different FTIR instruments. During development, the FTIR and t-test algorithm were used to monitor reactions for feasibility studies, process optimization, use tests, robustness DoE, and scale up to pilot plant. The method for monitoring the reaction may be useful in a GMP manufacturing environment where sampling and analysis are time consuming. <br>

scholarly journals Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing guided by Continuous Uninterrupted Monitoring of the unipolar Pacing Characteristics.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Gillis ◽  
Jean-Yves Wielandts ◽  
Gabriela Hilfiker ◽  
Louisa O'Neill ◽  
Alina Vlase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Septal Perforation ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
Pacing Lead ◽  
Qrs Morphology ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
Highly Correlated

Introduction. During left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) lead implantation, intermittent monitoring of unipolar pacing characteristics validates LBB capture and can detect septal perforation. We aimed to demonstrate that continuous uninterrupted unipolar pacing from an inserted lead stylet (LS) is feasible and facilitates LBBAP implantation. Methods. Thirty patients (mean age 76 ± 14 years) were implanted with stylet-driven pacing lead (Biotronik Solia S60). In 10 patients (validation-group) conventional, interrupted implantation was performed, with comparison of unipolar pacing characteristics between LS and connector-pin (CP)-pacing after each rotation step. In 20 patients (feasibility-group) performance and safety of uninterrupted implantation during continuous pacing from the LS were analyzed. Results. In the validation-group, LS and CP-pacing impedances were highly correlated (R=0.95, p<0.0001, bias 12±37Ω). Pacing characteristics from LS and CP showed comparable sensed electrograms and paced QRS morphologies. In the feasibility-group, continuous LS-pacing allowed beat-to-beat monitoring of impedance and QRS morphology to guide implantation. This resulted in successful LBBAP in all patients, after a mean of 1±0 attempts, with mean threshold 0.81 ± 0.4V, median sensing 6.5mV [IQR 4.4-9.5] and mean impedance 624 ± 101Ω, and positive LBBAP-criteria with median paced QRS duration 120ms [IQR 112-152ms] and median pLVAT 73ms [IQR 68-80.5ms]. No septal perforation occurred. Conclusion. Unipolar pacing from the LS allows accurate determination of pacing impedance and generates similar paced QRS morphologies and equal sensed electrograms, compared to CP pacing. Continuous LS pacing allows real-time monitoring of impedance and paced QRS morphology, which facilitates a safe and successful LBBAP lead implantation.

Reactive Diffusion at the Cylindrical Dissolving of Copper in the Solder Melt

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Drápala ◽  
Alena Struhařová ◽  
Daniel Petlák ◽  
Vlastimil Vodárek ◽  
Petr Kubíček
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Reactive Diffusion ◽  
Interface Boundary ◽  
Boundary Movement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Melt Cooling

Problems of reactive diffusion at the solid phase and melt contact were studied theoretically and experimentally. The main intention was to calculate the time course of the solid phase dissolving in the case of cylindrical dissolving. These calculations were carried out on the assumption for the rate constant of dissolving K = const. In our work we give heed especially to the dominating process, which is the solid metal A dissolved in the melt B. During the dissolving the melt B saturates with the metal A and the process is influenced by convections which are characteristic for the given experimental configuration. A theoretical description of the kinetics of the solid phase dissolving in the melt will be presented for the case of cylindrical dissolving. The aim is to derive a relation for the interface boundary movement c(t) in dependence on time and a time course of growth of the element A concentration in the melt B. There are problems with accurate determination of the interface boundary movement after certain heating times of specimens, when it is observed experimentally, since intermetallic phases create in the original A metal at both the diffusion and cooling and some phases segregate at the solidifying melt cooling. The main intention was an experimental study of the copper dissolving in the tin melt. Experiments aimed to the determination of the Cu wires (diameters from 0.5 to 3.5 mm) dissolution in the solder melt were carried out at various selected temperatures and times. Rapid growth of phases in the metal A and determination of the thickness of layers with these phases pose considerable time demands to X-ray micro-analyses (WDX, EDX) of specimens after their long-time heating.

A method for real time detection of reaction endpoints using a moving window t-test of in situ time course data

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1642-1646
Author(s):  
Elyse N. T. DiMaso ◽  
Robert W. Bondi ◽  
John Guo ◽  
Alexander G. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mid Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Course Data

In-line Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in combination with a moving window t-test method was used to determine the endpoint of a reaction with a highly inconsistent rate.

Reactive Diffusion upon Planar Dissolving Copper in Solder Melts

2011 ◽  
Vol 309-310 ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Drápala ◽  
Pavel Jopek ◽  
Daniel Petlák ◽  
Petr Harcuba ◽  
Petr Kubíček
Keyword(s):  
Interphase Boundary ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Reactive Diffusion ◽  
Boundary Movement ◽  
Original Metal ◽  
Kinetics Of

Problems of reactive diffusion at a solid phase - melt contact were studied theoretically. The main intention was to calculate the time course of the solid phase dissolving in the case of planar dissolving. In our work we give heed especially to the dominating process, which is the solid metal A dissolving in solder melt B. During the dissolving, melt B saturates with metal A, and the process is influenced by convections which are characteristic for a given experimental configuration. A theoretical description of the kinetics of solid phase dissolving in the melt will be presented for the case of planar dissolving. The aim is to derive a relation for the interphase boundary movement (t) depending on time and a time course of growth of the element A concentration in the melt B. There are difficulties in accurate determination of the interphase boundary movement after heating of specimens for certain time intervals. It should be performed experimentally, since intermetallic phases are formed in original metal A both via diffusion and upon cooling and some phases segregate upon cooling of the solidifying melt. The main intention was to study experimentally the copper dissolving in melts of various solder alloys and the related reactive diffusion. We used pure Sn and Sn-Cu, Sn-Ag-Cu, Sn-Sb, Sn-Zn alloys as solder materials. Experiments aimed at the study of a Cu plate dissolving in the solder melt were carried out at various selected temperatures and times. The problems of reactive diffusion were studied both theoretically and experimentally and the problems that have to be solved preferably were emphasized. Concentration profiles of elements and thickness of layers of phases can be determined with SEM and X-ray microanalyses (WDX, EDX) of specimens after their diffusion heating.

scholarly journals Comparison Of Urinary Bladder Volume In Children Using Suprapubic Ultrasonic Bi-Planner Technique With Voided Urine Volume

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
S Sadek ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
H Akther ◽  
A Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Bladder Capacity ◽  
Bladder Volume ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Urethral Trauma ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Real Time Ultrasonography

Accurate determination of intravesical residual urine volume as well as bladder capacity is of significant importance in children. The ability to confirm these measurements non invasively in children avoids discomfort, urethral trauma and the introduction of urinary tract infection. Also, by avoiding the need for catheterization this technique permits more physiological assessment and allows for repeated examinations without fear and anxiety on the part of the patients. In this prospective study we assess the accuracy of the real time, hand held, ultrasonic device using suprapubic views and biplanar technique to determine intravesical volumes. Real time ultrasonography with suprapubic views and the described bi-planar technique to determine intravesical urine volume is simple, accurate and reproducible. It also is rapid and noninvasive, and can detect accurately an empty bladder in children. A strong correlation was found between the estimated bladder volume with our method and voided urine volume (0 ml, residual volume) .This study concluded that the modality used in this study has the potential to provide useful and reproducible information in the clinical evaluation of bladder function in children.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v17i2.12199 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2011; 17 (02): 4-7

Analysis of Sulfites in Shrimp Using Rapid Distillation Followed by Redox Titration1

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIAN V. SIMPSON ◽  
W. STEVEN OTWELL ◽  
MAURICE R. MARSHALL ◽  
JOHN A. CORNELL
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
T Test ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The use of rapid steam distillation followed by redox iodine titration provides a rapid and accurate determination of total sufite residual in shrimp. Values obtained for sulfite-treated shrimp using the rapid distillation method gave comparable results to those of the officially recognized Monier-Williams method. Values for the rapid distillation method ranged from 6 to 212 ppm while those of the Monier-Williams procedure ranged from 6 to 241 ppm for untreated and treated shrimps, respectively. Statistical analysis using two-sample Student's t-test indicated that there were no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) for residual levels below 100 ppm but the values obtained by the rapid distillation method and the Monier-Williams procedure were significantly different (p&lt;0.05) at concentrations near and above 100 ppm.

Extremely fast retrieval of volcanic SO2 layer heights from UV satellite data using inverse learning machines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Hedelt ◽  
MariLiza Koukouli ◽  
Konstantinos Michaelidis ◽  
Taylor Isabelle ◽  
Dimitris Balis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Innovation Project ◽  
Learning Machine

&lt;p&gt;Precise knowledge of the location and height of the volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) plume is essential for accurate determination of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emitted by volcanic eruptions, however so far not available in operational near-real time UV satellite retrievals. The FP_ILM algorithm (Full-Physics Inverse Learning Machine) enables for the first time to extract the SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; layer height information in a matter of seconds for current UV satellites and is thus applicable in NRT environments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The FP_ILM combines a principal component analysis (PCA) and a neural network approach (NN) to extract the information about the volcanic SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; layer height from high-resolution UV satellite backscatter measurements. So far, UV based SO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;layer height retrieval algorithms were very time-consuming and therefore not suitable for near-real-time applications like aviation control, although the SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; LH is essential for accurate determination of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emitted by volcanic eruptions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this presentation, we will present the latest FP_ILM algorithm improvements and show results of recent volcanic eruptions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; layer height product for Sentinel-5p/TROPOMI is developed in the framework of the SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#160;Layer Height (S5P+I: SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; LH)&amp;#160;project, which is part of ESA Sentinel-5p+ Innovation project (S5P+I). The S5P+I project aims to develop novel scientific and operational products to exploit the potential of the S5P/TROPOMI capabilities. The S5P+I: SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; LH&amp;#160;project is dedicated to the generation of an SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#160;LH product and its extensive verification with collocated ground- and space-born measurements.&lt;/p&gt;

New Method for Posttraumatic Elbow Contracture Correction

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
S P Mironov ◽  
M B Tsykunov ◽  
O V Oganesyan ◽  
N V Seleznev ◽  
M A Eremushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
New Method ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Elbow Function ◽  
Elbow Contracture

New method for elbow function restoration in posttraumatic contracture using apparatus complex «Raduga-CITO» is suggested. This complex enables to set, control and monitor the indicators of motion. Elaborated computer program provides accurate determination of articular angle values, the rate of articular ends movement, forces of articular surfaces interrelation by 6 main vectors and monitoring of these kinesiologic and dynamic patterns in real time. The program allows to determine adequate algorithm movement in elbow joint and thus to optimize the conditions for elbow function restoration in posttraumatic contractures. The method has been used in 17 patients with posttraumatic elbow contractures and good short term results have been achieved in all patients.

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