Tele-Substitution Reactions in the Synthesis of a Promising Class of Antimalarials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat Korsik ◽  
Edwin Tse ◽  
David Smith ◽  
William Lewis ◽  
Peter J. Rutledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Laboratory Notebook ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nmr Data

<p></p><p>We have discovered and studied a <i>tele</i>substitution reaction in a biologically important heterocyclic ring system. Conditions that favour the <i>tele</i>-substitution pathway were identified: the use of increased equivalents of the nucleophile or decreased equivalents of base, or the use of softer nucleophiles, less polar solvents and larger halogens on the electrophile. Using results from X-ray crystallography and isotope labelling experiments a mechanism for this unusual transformation is proposed. We focused on this triazolopyrazine as it is the core structure of the <i>in vivo </i>active anti-plasmodium compounds of Series 4 of the Open Source Malaria consortium.</p> <p> </p> <p>Archive of the electronic laboratory notebook with the description of all conducted experiments and raw NMR data could be accessed via following link <a href="https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/21890">https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/21890</a> . For navigation between entries of laboratory notebook please use file "Strings for compounds in the article.pdf" that works as a reference between article codes and notebook codes, also this file contain SMILES for these compounds. </p><br><p></p>

scholarly journals Tele-Substitution Reactions in the Synthesis of a Promising Class of Antimalarials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat Korsik ◽  
Edwin Tse ◽  
David Smith ◽  
William Lewis ◽  
Peter J. Rutledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Laboratory Notebook ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nmr Data

<p></p><p>We have discovered and studied a <i>tele</i>substitution reaction in a biologically important heterocyclic ring system. Conditions that favour the <i>tele</i>-substitution pathway were identified: the use of increased equivalents of the nucleophile or decreased equivalents of base, or the use of softer nucleophiles, less polar solvents and larger halogens on the electrophile. Using results from X-ray crystallography and isotope labelling experiments a mechanism for this unusual transformation is proposed. We focused on this triazolopyrazine as it is the core structure of the <i>in vivo </i>active anti-plasmodium compounds of Series 4 of the Open Source Malaria consortium.</p> <p> </p> <p>Archive of the electronic laboratory notebook with the description of all conducted experiments and raw NMR data could be accessed via following link <a href="https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/21890">https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/21890</a> . For navigation between entries of laboratory notebook please use file "Strings for compounds in the article.pdf" that works as a reference between article codes and notebook codes, also this file contain SMILES for these compounds. </p><br><p></p>

The Chemistry of Triazine Isomers: Structures, Reactions, Synthesis and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelottama Kushwaha ◽  
C S Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Basic Property ◽  
Electrophilic Substitution ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Benzene Structure

: Triazine is the six-membered heterocyclic ring containing three nitrogen which replaces carbon-hydrogen unit in the benzene ring. Based on nitrogen position present in the ring system, it is categorized in three isomeric forms i.e.1, 2, 3-triazine (vicinal triazine), 1, 2, 4-triazine (asymmetrical triazine or isotriazine) and 1, 3, 5-triazine (symmetrical or s-triazine or cyanidine). Triazines have weakly basic property. Its isomers have much weaker resonance energy than benzene structure, so nucleophilic substitution reactions are more preferred than electrophilic substitution reactions. Triazine isomers and their derivatives are known to play important roles possessing various activities in medicinal and agricultural fields such as anti-cancer, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, bactericidal, herbicidal, antimalarial and antimicrobial agents.

Structure and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 6-bromo-3,3′,4′,5,7-penta-O-methylcatechin

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 2176-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. B. Einstein ◽  
E. Kiehlmann ◽  
E. K. Wolowidnyk
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Bromine Atom ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Equatorial Orientation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra ◽  
Ring Conformations

The title compound has been synthesized by selective debromination of 6,8-dibromocatechin and indirect methylation of the resulting 6-bromocatechin via its pentaacetate. The structure of C20H23BrO6 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in the space group P1 with a = 9.589(3) Å, b = 11.576(3) Å, c = 11.326(3) Å, α = 118.80(3)°, β = 93.23(3)°, γ = 111.44(3)°, ρc = 1.481 g cm−3, and Z = 2. Intensities were measured for 2584 independent reflections (2θ < 45°) of which 2213 were observed (I > 3.0σ(I)) and used in subsequent refinement (final R values were R = 0.0268 and Rw = 0.0344). Crystallographic and pmr data confirm the position of the bromine atom at C-6, the trans-diaxial arrangement of H-2/H-3 and the quasi-equatorial orientation of the 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl group (ring B). The two heterocyclic ring conformations are consistent with the expected flexibility of the molecule.

scholarly journals Tris(phosphan)-Nickel(0)-Ethen-Komplexe (dmpe)(PR3)Ni(C2H4). Molekülstruktur des (dmpe)(PØ3 )Ni(C2H4)/ Tris(phosphane)-nickel(0)-ethene Complexes (dmpe)(PR3)Ni(C2H4). Molecular Structure of (dmpe)(PO3)Ni(C2H4)

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1076-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus R. Pörschke ◽  
Richard Mynott ◽  
Carl Krüger ◽  
M. J. Romão
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Crystal And Molecular Structure ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Tetrahedral Geometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Nmr Data

AbstractSynthesis and properties of tris(phosphane)(ethene)nickel(0) complexes (dmpe)(PR3)Ni(C2H4) (R = CH3(4), c-C6H11(5), and C6H5 (6)) are reported. In solution. 4-6 are thermolabile and undergo ligand exchange reactions affording tetrakis(phosphane)nickel(0 ) and bis(phosphane)- (ethene)nickel(0) complexes. 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR data of 4-6 confirm the tetrahedral geometry around nickel. For 6 , the crystal and molecular structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography.

Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure determination of 3,4-diphenyl-6-(diphenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxa-2-thiane-2-oxide

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Breau ◽  
N. K. Sharma ◽  
I. R. Butler ◽  
T Durst
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Sulfuryl Chloride ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
X Ray

Erythro and threo-1,2-diphenyl-2-tert-butylsulfinylethanols 5 and 8 were prepared from the condensation of the α-lithio derivative of benzyl-tert-butyl sulfoxide with benzaldehyde. Reaction of 5 with sulfuryl chloride gave the title compound, (2R*,3S*,4R*,6R*)-3,4-diphenyl-6-(diphenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxa-2-thiane-2-oxide 6, the first representative of a new heterocyclic ring system. Similar treatment of 8 resulted in the formation of 7, a stereoisomer of 6. This same compound was also obtained by photolysis of 6. In both 6 and 7 the S=O bond is in an axial orientation. Key words: sulfuryl chloride, reaction with β-hydroxy sulfoxides; 1,2-diphenyl-tert-butylsulfinylethanol; β-hydroxysulfoxides; β-sultines; N-chlorosuccinimide, reaction with β-hydroxysulfoxides.

scholarly journals Coordination studies of 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane with di-μ-hydroxo dinuclear complexes of tungsten(IV) and molybdenum(IV)

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Makoto Minato ◽  
Takashi Ito ◽  
Jian-Guo Ren
Keyword(s):  
31P Nmr ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Dinuclear Complex ◽  
Nucleophilic Attack ◽  
Dinuclear Complexes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Phosphine Complexes ◽  
Nmr Data ◽  
Reaction Profile

The new trifluoroethoxo phosphine complexes [Cp2M(?1-dppe)(CF3CH2O)]+ and [Cp2(CF3CH2O)M(?-dppe)MCp2(CF3CH2O)]2+ (M = Mo or W, Cp = ?-C5H5 and dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) have been prepared by reaction of cationic di-?-hydroxo dinuclear complex of molybdenocene or tungstenocene [Cp2M(?-OH)2MCp2]2+ with dppe. From the 1H and 31P NMR data, the configurations of the products could be assigned. Furtheremore, X-ray crystallography was used to definitively identify one of the product [Cp2(CF3CH2O)Mo(?-dppe)MoCp2(CF3CH2O)]2+, which crystallizes in space group P21/c(#14) with a = 12.230(5) ?, b = 11.149(5) ?, c = 28.966(7) ?, ? = 101.07(3)?, V = 3876(2) ?3, and Z = 2. It was ascertained that the amount of dppe added to the reaction mixture could influence the product distribution. A mechanism involving initial replacement of the hydroxo ligand by the alkoxo group followed by nucleophilic attack of the phosphine is proposed on the basis of the reaction profile.

scholarly journals The C-terminal tail of the bacterial translocation ATPase SecA modulates its activity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jamshad ◽  
Timothy J. Knowles ◽  
Scott A. White ◽  
Douglas G. Ward ◽  
Fiyaz Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Protein Recognition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ribosome Binding ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Substrate Protein ◽  
Metal Binding Domain

AbstractIn bacteria, the translocation of a subset of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane by the Sec machinery requires SecA. Although SecA can recognise nascent polypeptides, the mechanism of cotranslational substrate protein recognition is not known. Here, we investigated the role of the C-terminal tail (CTT) of SecA, which consists of a flexible linker (FLD) and a small metal-binding domain (MBD), in its interaction with nascent polypeptides. Phylogenetic analysis and ribosome binding experiments indicated that the MBD interacts with 70S ribosomes. Disruption of the entire CTT or the MBD alone had opposing effects on ribosome binding, substrate-protein binding, ATPase activity and in vivo function. Autophotocrosslinking, mass spectrometry, x-ray crystallography and small-angle x-ray scattering experiments provided insight into the CTT-mediated conformational changes in SecA. Finally, photocrosslinking experiments indicated that binding of SecA to substrate protein affected its interaction with the ribosome. Taken together, our results suggest a mechanism for substrate protein recognition.Impact StatementSecA is an evolutionarily conserved ATPase that is required for the translocation of a subset of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria. We investigated how SecA recognises its substrate proteins at the ribosome as they are still being synthesised (i.e. cotranslationally).

scholarly journals Spc110 N-Terminal Domains Act Independently to Mediate Stable γ-Tubulin Small Complex Binding and γ-Tubulin Ring Complex Assembly

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lyon ◽  
Alex Zelter ◽  
Shruthi Viswanath ◽  
Alison Maxwell ◽  
Richard Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Small Complex ◽  
Ring Complex ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

AbstractMicrotubule (MT) nucleation in vivo is regulated by the γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC), an approximately 2-megadalton complex conserved from yeast to humans. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, γTuRC assembly is a key point of regulation over the MT cytoskeleton. Budding yeast γTuRC is composed of seven γ-tubulin small complex (γTuSC) subassemblies which associate helically to form a template from which microtubules grow. This assembly process requires higher-order oligomers of the coiled-coil protein Spc110 to bind multiple γTuSCs, thereby stabilizing the otherwise low-affinity interface between γTuSCs. While Spc110 oligomerization is critical, its N-terminal domain (NTD) also plays a role that is poorly understood both functionally and structurally. In this work, we sought a mechanistic understanding of Spc110 NTD using a combination of structural and biochemical analyses. Through crosslinking-mass spectrometry (XL-MS), we determined that a segment of Spc110 coiled-coil is a major point of contact with γTuSC. We determined the structure of this coiled-coil segment by X-ray crystallography and used it in combination with our XL-MS dataset to generate an integrative structural model of the γTuSC-Spc110 complex. This structural model, in combination with biochemical analyses of Spc110 heterodimers lacking one NTD, suggests that the two NTDs within an Spc110 dimer act independently, one stabilizing association between Spc110 and γTuSC and the other stabilizing the interface between adjacent γTuSCs.

scholarly journals Crystal Structures and Optical Properties of Two Novel 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoline Derivatives

Crystals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Qi Feng ◽  
Wenhui Huan ◽  
Jiali Wang ◽  
Jiadan Lu ◽  
Guowang Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Intramolecular Charge Transfer ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Dihedral Angles ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography

Two novel 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoline derivatives—1-acetyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)-pyrazoline (2a) and 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(6-methoxy-2-naphtyl)-pyrazoline (2b)—were synthesized and their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Both of the two crystals exhibit twisted structures due to the large dihedral angles between the pyrazolinyl ring and the aromatic ring at the 5-position (88.09° for 2a and 71.26° for 2b). The optical–physical properties of the two compounds were investigated. The fluorescent emission of 2b arises from the 1,3-disubstituted pyrazoline chromophores and exhibits a red shift in polar solvents and solid-state, which could be attributed to photo-induced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from N1 to C3 in the pyrazoline moiety and the intermolecular interactions within the crystal. The fluorescent emissions of 2a (λmax 358–364 nm) in solvents and solid-state both come from 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl chromophores, which are fairly insensitive to the solvent polarity.

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