Selective Functionalization at N2-Position of Guanine in Oligonucleotides via Reductive Amination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bapurao Bhoge ◽  
Ishu Saraogi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Reductive Amination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dna Oligomers ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Wide Applicability ◽  
Dna Oligonucleotides ◽  
Selective Functionalization

Chemo- and site-specific modifications in oligonucleotides have wide applicability as mechanistic probes in chemical biology. Here we have employed a classical reaction in organic chemistry, reductive amination, to selectively functionalize the N<sup>2</sup>-amine of guanine/2’-deoxyguanine monophosphate. This method specifically modifies guanine in several tested DNA oligonucleotides, while leaving the other bases unaffected. Using this approach, we have successfully incorporated desired handles chemoselectively into DNA oligomers.

scholarly journals Selective Functionalization at N2-Position of Guanine in Oligonucleotides via Reductive Amination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bapurao Bhoge ◽  
Ishu Saraogi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Reductive Amination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dna Oligomers ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Wide Applicability ◽  
Dna Oligonucleotides ◽  
Selective Functionalization

Chemo- and site-specific modifications in oligonucleotides have wide applicability as mechanistic probes in chemical biology. Here we have employed a classical reaction in organic chemistry, reductive amination, to selectively functionalize the N<sup>2</sup>-amine of guanine/2’-deoxyguanine monophosphate. This method specifically modifies guanine in several tested DNA oligonucleotides, while leaving the other bases unaffected. Using this approach, we have successfully incorporated desired handles chemoselectively into DNA oligomers.

scholarly journals Autonomously Replicating Macronuclear DNA Pieces Are the Physical Basis of Genetic Coassortment Groups in Tetrahymena thermophila

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 1119-1125
Author(s):  
Laura Wong ◽  
Lana Klionsky ◽  
Steve Wickert ◽  
Virginia Merriam ◽  
Eduardo Orias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Distribution ◽  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Phenotypic Assortment ◽  
Somatic Genome

Abstract The macronucleus of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila contains a fragmented somatic genome consisting of several hundred identifiable chromosome pieces. These pieces are generated by site-specific fragmentation of the germline chromosomes and most of them are represented at an average of 45 copies per macronucleus. In the course of successive divisions of an initially heterozygous macronucleus, the random distribution of alleles of loci carried on these copies eventually generates macronuclei that are pure for one allele or the other. This phenomenon is called phenotypic assortment. We have previously reported the existence of loci that assort together (coassort) and hypothesized that these loci reside on the same macronuclear piece. The work reported here provides new, rigorous genetic support for the hypothesis that macronuclear autonomously replicating chromosome pieces are the physical basis of coassortment groups. Thus, coassortment allows the mapping of the somatic genome by purely genetic means. The data also strongly suggest that the random distribution of alleles in the Tetrahymena macronucleus is due to the random distribution of the MAC chromosome pieces that carry them.

scholarly journals DNA Oligomers Containing Site-Specific and Stereospecific Exocyclic Deoxyadenosine Adducts of 1,2,3,4-Diepoxybutane: Synthesis, Characterization, and Effects on DNA Structure

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1556-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uthpala Seneviratne ◽  
Sergey Antsypovich ◽  
Danae Quirk Dorr ◽  
Thakshila Dissanayake ◽  
Srikanth Kotapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Structure ◽  
Dna Oligomers ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Deoxyadenosine Adducts

scholarly journals Distribution of the initial site of infection in diabetic foot and associated initiating etiologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3320
Author(s):  
Joe Mathew ◽  
Rajeev S.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Nail Infection

Background: Diabetic foot is a very common condition responsible for a major bulk of surgical admissions and out-patient visits. Lack of awareness of many factors influencing the incidence of this disease complex has led to loss of life, limb and quality of life. The site-specific incidence of initial site and initiating factor has not been studied in diabetic foot.Methods: A study has been done over a period of one and a half years which looked into the distribution of initial site of infection in diabetic foot and associated initiating etiologies. The study was cross sectional. History, general inspection of foot, dermatological, neuropathic and vascular assessments were done, in addition to making careful notes about the site and cause of infection.Results:60.7% of patients were >60 years old, 55.3% were male patients. 63.3% of patients had diabetes for more than 10 years. In 29.3% the initial site of infection was the big toe, 22% in the ball of foot, 18% in the other 4 toes together, 14.7% in the interdigital spaces, 10.7% in the heel and 5.3% in the mid foot. In most of the cases the etiology is multifactorial, trauma in 56%, musculoskeletal deformities in 47.3%, callosities in 41.3%, cracks and fissures in 16.7%, fungal infection in 7.3%, nail infection in 6%, no initiating introduction of infection identified in 10.7%.Conclusions: Awareness of and thus particular stress being place on identification of specific site and cause of infection should help in care of the foot in diabetics.

scholarly journals Impact of site-specific weed management on herbicide savings and winter wheat yield  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hamouz ◽  
K. Hamouzová ◽  
J. Holec ◽  
L. Tyšer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Patch Spraying ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Weed Infestation

An aggregated distribution pattern of weed populations provides opportunity to reduce the herbicide application if site-specific weed management is adopted. This work is focused on the practical testing of site-specific weed management in a winter wheat and the optimisation of the control thresholds. Patch spraying was applied to an experimental field in Central Bohemia. Total numbers of 512 application cells were arranged into 16 blocks, which allowed the randomisation of four treatments in four replications. Treatment 1 represented blanket spraying and the other treatments differed by the herbicide application thresholds. The weed infestation was estimated immediately before the post-emergence herbicide application. Treatment maps for every weed group were created based on the weed abundance data and relevant treatment thresholds. The herbicides were applied using a sprayer equipped with boom section control. The herbicide savings were calculated for every treatment and the differences in the grain yield between the treatments were tested using the analysis of variance. The site-specific applications provided herbicide savings ranging from 15.6% to 100% according to the herbicide and application threshold used. The differences in yield between the treatments were not statistically significant (P = 0.81). Thus, the yield was not lowered by site-specific weed management.

Microsound in public space: compositional methods to enhance site-specific sound

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Sven Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Video Installation ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Musical Genre ◽  
Sound Environment ◽  
Compositional Structures ◽  
Low Volume

AbstractThis article documents the resolution of a problem encountered during the design of a semi-permanent interactive sound and video installation currently being installed at a tram station located in Dublin, Ireland. This artwork generates video and multi-channel sound output in real time, responding to changes in traffic patterns on an adjacent street. While the visuals are composed from pre-recorded content, the sound environment explores the use of site-specific sound within public urban space by sampling and processing sounds that occur naturally in and around the station. Regulations involving the artwork's volume resulted in the sound output being reduced to a level at which it was too subtle to be noticed amidst the busy activity of the station. It was therefore necessary to strengthen the artwork's aural presence without interfering with the subtleties of the site-specific sound environment. A dynamic field of sine tones and rhythmic glitches was composed to augment the more subtle sounds of the installation. This juxtaposition of site-specific sound with compositional structures associated with the popular musical genre known as microsound proved to be effective, calling attention to the mediated sound environment even at low volume levels and balancing the artwork's presence with the other functions of the site.

scholarly journals When Public Art Goes Bad: Two Competing Features of Public Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Willard
Keyword(s):  
Public Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Site Specificity ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Work ◽  
A Site ◽  
Compare And Contrast

AbstractNot all public art is bad art, but when public art is bad, it tends to be bad in an identifiable way. In this paper, I develop a Waltonian theory of the category of public art, according to which public art standardly is both accessible to the public and minimally site-specific. When a work lacks the standard features of the category to which it belongs, appreciators tend to perceive the work as aesthetically flawed. I then compare and contrast cases of successful and unsuccessful public art to show that accessibility and site-specificity are features which tend to preclude the other. It is difficult, although hardly impossible, for a site-specific work to remain accessible, and difficult for an accessible work to engage adequately with the site on which it is situated. As a result, while not all public art is bad, the features peculiar to public work encourage a latent tendency toward badness.

Odnajdując i tracąc miejsce. Łódzki underground wobec doświadczenia miejskiej codzienności.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 188-203
Author(s):  
Błażej Filanowski
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Industrial

The Łódź underground had emerged from the punk aesthetic, yet it absorbed successive genres surprisingly quickly: hardcore, industrial, later also, among others, techno and rave. It utilized diverse forms of expression: most of all sound, but also projections, site-specific actions, graphic design or fashion. The article, drawing from the memories and output of several most important participants of the movement, poses the question, in what way the underground so easily absorbed new genres and aesthetic patterns on the one hand, while on the other – it remained so strongly separate. The separation is revealed in the tension between experiencing new, experimenting musical and aesthetic trends, and the overwhelming everyday life of the post-industrial city. This tension was the reason why the underground movement was so intensely performative in its character, in which new knowledge and new inspirations were mostly created in action.

Impact of site-specific fertilizing management in carbon and water footprint. The case of cotton under Mediterranean conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Papadopoulos ◽  
Gerasimos Troyanos ◽  
Dionissios Kalivas ◽  
Maria Doula ◽  
Stamatios Kavasilis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Footprint ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Specific Management

&lt;p&gt;In field homogenous application of fertilizers can be considered as a non-environment friendly agricultural practice as it ignores site specific variations of soil and plant properties. Conventional fertilizing management usually results in overfertilization guiding to burdens of the environment in terms of chemical pollution in soil-water system and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere. The effects are expected to be more severe in Mediterranean region under the evolving climate change. Site-specific fertilizing management on the other hand, poses a practice that is adapted to high precision spatial soil, climatic and plant conditions. In this sense, the agricultural practices are properly adjusted to the needs of the crops. The research is focused on the assessment of the impacts of conventional and site-specific management of nitrogen fertilization to carbon and water footprint at cotton cultivation in field level. The study area concerns two cotton fields in Central Greece that were monitored with the use of classical soil analytical methods and remote sensing sensors throughout a cultivation period. The monitoring process led to the delineation of the fields in different management zones needing variable fertilizing doses. Further, all conventionally applied practices were annotated concerning the last 4-year period in order to collect historical fertilizing data. In both cases (conventional and site-specific) the carbon and water (blue, green, grey) footprints of the two fields were calculated. Carbon footprint was calculated by assessing IPCC 2006 guidelines (updated in 2019) as regards direct and LULUCF emissions. For this, Tier 2 emission factors were used for the main emission categories, as these were defined by the Greek State, while for the other categories, emission factors of Tier 1 of IPCC guidelines were used. For the determination of water footprint, local meteorological data and cotton development stages concerning Greek conditions were used. The determination of the footprints was realized with the use of a software tool developed by the BalkanROAD project in the framework of INTERREG Balkan-Mediterranean 2014-2020 programme, which addresses territorial competitiveness and environment. Preliminary results show encouraging prospective for the improvement of carbon and water footprint when shifting from conventional to site-specific management.&lt;/p&gt;

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