Impacts of Organic Sorbates on Ionic Conductivity and Nanostructure of Perfluorinated Sulfonic-Acid Ionomers

X Ray Scattering ◽

The Matrix ◽

Fuels And Chemicals ◽

Electrochemical Devices ◽

Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid

This study provides insights into structure-property relationships of Nafion membranes swollen with organic sorbates, revealing correlations between sorbate polarity, ionomer domain structure, and ionic conductivity. Swelling, nanostructure, and ionic conductivity of Nafion in the presence of short-chain alcohols and alkanes was studied by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray scattering, and voltammetry. Nafion equilibrated with alkanes exhibited negligible uptake and nanoswelling, while alcohols induced nanoscopic- to macroscopic- swelling ratios that increased with alcohol polarity. In mixed-sorbate environments including organics and water, alcohols preserved the overall ionomer domain structure but altered the matrix to enable higher sorbate uptake. Alkanes did not demonstrably alter the hydrated nanostructure or conductivity. Identifying the impacts of organic sorbates on structure-property relationships in ionomers such as Nafion is imperative as membrane-based electrochemical devices find applications in emerging areas ranging from organic fuel cells to the synthesis of fuels and chemicals.

Nano-Scale Thermo-Mechanical Structure-Property Relationships in Human Dental Tissues Studied by Nanoindentation and Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering

IFMBE Proceedings - The 15th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-02913-9_64 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 251-254

Author(s):

T. Sui ◽

M. A. Sandholzer ◽

E. L. Bourhis ◽

N. Baimpas ◽

G. Landini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure Property ◽

X Ray ◽

Mechanical Structure ◽

Dental Tissues ◽

Nano Scale ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Thermotropic Liquid Crystals Based on Extended 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles: Structure–Property Relationships, Variable-Temperature Powder X-ray Diffraction, and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies

Chemistry - An Asian Journal ◽

10.1002/asia.200600252 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 814-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Jie Han ◽

Stephen Sin-Yin Chui ◽

Chi-Ming Che

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystals ◽

Small Angle ◽

Variable Temperature ◽

Structure Property ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Thermotropic Liquid Crystals ◽

Hierarchical Structure–Property Relationships in Graft-Type Fluorinated Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Using Small- and Ultrasmall-Angle X-ray Scattering Analysis

Macromolecules ◽

10.1021/ma500111x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 2373-2383 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Tran Duy Tap ◽

Shin-ichi Sawada ◽

Shin Hasegawa ◽

Kimio Yoshimura ◽

Yojiro Oba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymer Electrolyte ◽

Hierarchical Structure ◽

Polymer Electrolyte Membranes ◽

Structure Property ◽

X Ray ◽

Fluorinated Polymer ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Electrolyte Membranes ◽

Highly Permeable Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Ionomers for Improved Electrochemical Devices: Insights into Structure–Property Relationships

Journal of the American Chemical Society ◽

10.1021/jacs.9b09170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (8) ◽

pp. 3742-3752 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Adlai Katzenberg ◽

Anamika Chowdhury ◽

Minfeng Fang ◽

Adam Z. Weber ◽

Yoshiyuki Okamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfonic Acid ◽

Structure Property ◽

Electrochemical Devices ◽

Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid

Chemically Induced Splay Nematic Phase with Micron Scale Periodicity

10.26434/chemrxiv.10009007 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Perri Connor ◽

Richard Mandle

Keyword(s):

Nematic Phase ◽

Orientational Order ◽

Periodic Variation ◽

Structure Property ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Crystal Phases ◽

Optical Textures

Nematic liquid crystals lack positional order of their constituent molecules, which share an average orientational order only. Modulated nematic liquid crystal phases also lack positional order, but possess a periodic variation in this direction of average orientation. In the recently discovered splay nematic (NS) phase the average orientational order is augmented with a periodic splay deformation of orientation perpendicular to the director. In this communication we report the first example of a splay nematic phase which is chemically induced by mixing two materials, neither of which exhibit the NS phase. The splay-nematic phase is identified based on its optical textures, X-ray scattering patterns, and small enthalpy of the associated phase transition. We measure the splay periodicity optically, finding it to be ~ 9 μm. This unexpected generation of the splay-nematic phase through binary mixtures offers a new route to materials which exhibit this phase which complements ongoing studies into structure-property relationships and could accelerate the development of technologies utilising this remarkable polar nematic variant.

Chemically Induced Splay Nematic Phase with Micron Scale Periodicity

10.26434/chemrxiv.10009007.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Perri Connor ◽

Richard Mandle

Keyword(s):

Nematic Phase ◽

Orientational Order ◽

Periodic Variation ◽

Structure Property ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Crystal Phases ◽

Optical Textures

Nematic liquid crystals lack positional order of their constituent molecules, which share an average orientational order only. Modulated nematic liquid crystal phases also lack positional order, but possess a periodic variation in this direction of average orientation. In the recently discovered splay nematic (NS) phase the average orientational order is augmented with a periodic splay deformation of orientation perpendicular to the director. In this communication we report the first example of a splay nematic phase which is chemically induced by mixing two materials, neither of which exhibit the NS phase. The splay-nematic phase is identified based on its optical textures, X-ray scattering patterns, and small enthalpy of the associated phase transition. We measure the splay periodicity optically, finding it to be ~ 9 μm. This unexpected generation of the splay-nematic phase through binary mixtures offers a new route to materials which exhibit this phase which complements ongoing studies into structure-property relationships and could accelerate the development of technologies utilising this remarkable polar nematic variant.

Structure–property relationships of aramid fibers via X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy

Journal of Materials Science ◽

10.1007/s10853-018-03282-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (8) ◽

pp. 6668-6683 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michael R. Roenbeck ◽

Julia Cline ◽

Vincent Wu ◽

Mehdi Afshari ◽

Steve Kellner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Structure Property ◽

Aramid Fibers ◽

X Ray ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Impact of Substitution Pattern and Chain Length on the Thermotropic Properties of Alkoxy-Substituted Triphenyl-Tristriazolotriazines

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5761

Author(s):

Thorsten Rieth ◽

Natalie Tober ◽

Daniel Limbach ◽

Tobias Haspel ◽

Marcel Sperner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Structure Property ◽

Substitution Pattern ◽

Polarized Optical Microscopy ◽

X Ray ◽

Alkyl Chains ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Linear Chains ◽

Thermotropic Properties

Tristriazolotriazines (TTTs) with a threefold alkoxyphenyl substitution were prepared and studied by DSC, polarized optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray scattering. Six pentyloxy chains are sufficient to induce liquid-crystalline behavior in these star-shaped compounds. Thermotropic properties of TTTs with varying substitution patterns and a periphery of linear chains of different lengths, branching in the chain and swallow-tails, are compared. Generally, these disks display broad and stable thermotropic mesophases, with the tangential TTT being superior to the radial isomer. The structure–property relationships of the number of alkyl chains, their position, length and structure were studied.

Study of naphthopyran derivatives: structure and photochromic properties in solution and in polymer film

Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry ◽

10.1107/s2053229621005969 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Linqi Shi ◽

Zipei Sun ◽

Jiajie Tian ◽

Yaodong Huang ◽

Jiben Meng

Keyword(s):

Uv Light ◽

Steric Effects ◽

Pmma Film ◽

Structure Property ◽

Photochromic Properties ◽

X Ray ◽

Substituent Group ◽

Uv Light Irradiation ◽

Electronic And Steric Effects

Four naphthopyran derivatives, namely, 3,3-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran, C33H22O, NP1, 3,3-bis([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran, C37H26O, NP2, 3,3-bis(4-phenoxyphenyl)-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran, C37H26O2, NP3, and 3,3-bis(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran, C29H26O3, NP4, were synthesized and their photochromic properties investigated. NP1–NP4 exhibited good photochromism in different solutions and in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film under UV light irradiation. Solvatochromism and the electronic and steric effects of the substituent group on photochromism were analyzed and decolouration curves were found to fit a monoexponential kinetic decay in most cases. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of NP1 and NP2 revealed the structure–property relationships. Good fatigue resistance of NP1, both in solution and in the PMMA film, endows it with potential value for applications.