To improve the simulation accuracy of biodegradable polymer materials degradation model, a parameter optimization model was proposed, and the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) was used to solve the model and optimize undetermined parameters of the model. A comparative analysis of the calculation results was progressed which proved that the simulation accuracy of biodegradable polymer materials degradation of model can be significantly improved by using the optimized parameters. This parameter optimization is propitious to demonstrate the science meaning of degradation mechanization and guide the design and product of medical devices.