Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction a rare violation of the motor skills of the gastrointestinal complex, similar to mechanical obstruction, but without a mechanical obstacle. The development of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction is caused by a disturbance on the part of the smooth muscles and the nervous system of the gastrointestinal system. Common symptoms include constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating. Violation of peristalsis leads to food stagnation in the hinges of the small intestine, their dilation, the development of bacterial insemination syndrome. Eating disorders, bacterial contamination syndrome (CDDs) lead to impaired suction syndrome, cahexia. Treatment is aimed at providing adequate nutrition, the use of drugs that activate motor skills, suppress the growth of microbes in the small intestine, the implementation of intestinal decompression. Surgical treatment: resection of the affected segment of the gut. In the refractory course of the disease intestinal transplantation.

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Chagasic enteropathy

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822004000300012 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 252-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Ulysses G. Meneghelli

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Bacterial Overgrowth ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Basic Mechanism ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Clinical Control ◽

Intestinal Pseudo Obstruction ◽

Surgical Operations

Involvement of the hollow organs of the digestive apparatus can occur in patients in the chronic phase of Chagas' disease. The basic mechanism is destruction of neurons of the enteric nervous system. Whereas megaesophagus and megacolon are the most notable and most extensively studied expressions of the digestive form of Chagas' disease, involvement of the small intestine (Chagasic enteropathy) is less frequent and less known than involvement of the two above mentioned entities. Chagasic enteropathy can be responsible for important clinical and laboratory manifestations resembling those of dyspeptic syndrome, intestinal pseudo-obstruction and bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. Chagasic enteropathy also involves peculiar functional changes, especially those related to motor activity of the organ and to intestinal absorption of carbohydrates. In practice, the diagnosis is based on radiographic documentation of dilation of visceral segments. Treatment consists of clinical control of the above syndromes and, eventually, appropriate surgical operations.

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STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE SMALL INTESTINE WALL AT THE MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE CHANNEL IN THE EXPERIMENT

World of Medicine and Biology ◽

10.26724/2079-8334-2019-1-67-142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (67) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

I. Ya. Dzyubanovskyi ◽

V. V. Benedykt ◽

S. O. Nesteruk ◽

K. S. Volkov

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Mechanical Obstruction

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF GUT DECOMPRESSION METHODS IN OPERATIONS ON TOXIC WIDESPREAD PERITONITIS

Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal ◽

10.34014/2227-1848-2019-3-34-37 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

V.I. Midlenko ◽

N.I. Belonogov ◽

O.V. Midlenko ◽

A.L. Charyshkin

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Comparative Assessment ◽

Abdominal Pressure ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Intestinal Decompression ◽

Bowel Decompression

The aim of the paper is to conduct a comparative assessment of bowel decompression methods in operations on toxic widespread peritonitis. Materials and Methods. The authors examined 162 patients with widespread peritonitis of various etiologies. Using generally accepted methods, they compared treatment results using one of the three methods of intestinal decompression: cecostomy, nasointestinal intubation, and cecostomy with intubation of the small intestine. Results. It was detected that in case of small intestine intubation through the cecostomy (in comparison with other methods), intra-abdominal pressure returned to normal on the 2nd day, and in case of cecostomy or nasointestinal intubation – on the 5th and 7th day, respectively. Also, decrease in intoxication indicators was observed 2 days earlier than usual. Conclusion. Intubation of the small intestine through the cecostoma provides the most adequate intestinal decompression in patients with advanced toxic peritonitis. Early normalization of intra-abdominal pressure in patients with advanced toxic peritonitis improves treatment outcomes. Keywords: widespread peritonitis, intestinal decompression. Цель – сравнительная оценка способов декомпрессии кишечника при операциях по поводу распространённого перитонита в токсической стадии. Материалы и методы. Наблюдали 162 пациента с распространённым перитонитом различной этиологии. С использованием общепринятых методик сравнивались результаты лечения при применении одного из трёх способов декомпрессии кишечника: цекостомии, назоинтестинальной интубации и наложения цекостомы с интубацией тонкой кишки. Результаты. Установлено, что при использовании интубации тонкого кишечника через цекостому, в сравнении с другими применявшимися нами способами, внутрибрюшное давление нормализовалось на второй день, а при использовании цекостомии или назоинтестинальной интубации – на 5-й и 7-й дни соответственно. Также на 2 сут раньше происходило снижение показателей интоксикации. Выводы. Наиболее адекватную декомпрессию кишечника у пациентов с распространённым перитонитом в токсической стадии обеспечивает интубация тонкого кишечника через цекостому. Ранняя нормализация внутрибрюшного давления у пациентов с распространённым перитонитом в токсической стадии позволяет улучшить результаты лечения. Ключевые слова: распространённый перитонит, декомпрессия кишечника.

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Dopamine Transporter Genetic Reduction Induces Morpho-Functional Changes in the Enteric Nervous System

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9050465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 465

Author(s):

Silvia Cerantola ◽

Valentina Caputi ◽

Gabriella Contarini ◽

Maddalena Mereu ◽

Antonella Bertazzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Enteric Nervous System ◽

Dopamine Transporter ◽

Myenteric Plexus ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

D1 Receptor ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Neurochemical Coding ◽

The Impact

Antidopaminergic gastrointestinal prokinetics are indeed commonly used to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders, although the precise role of dopaminergic transmission in the gut is still unclear. Since dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in several brain disorders by modulating extracellular dopamine in the central nervous system, this study evaluated the impact of DAT genetic reduction on the morpho-functional integrity of mouse small intestine enteric nervous system (ENS). In DAT heterozygous (DAT+/−) and wild-type (DAT+/+) mice (14 ± 2 weeks) alterations in small intestinal contractility were evaluated by isometrical assessment of neuromuscular responses to receptor and non-receptor-mediated stimuli. Changes in ENS integrity were studied by real-time PCR and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus whole-mount preparations (). DAT genetic reduction resulted in a significant increase in dopamine-mediated effects, primarily via D1 receptor activation, as well as in reduced cholinergic response, sustained by tachykininergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission via NMDA receptors. These functional anomalies were associated to architectural changes in the neurochemical coding and S100β immunoreactivity in small intestine myenteric plexus. Our study provides evidence that genetic-driven DAT defective activity determines anomalies in ENS architecture and neurochemical coding together with ileal dysmotility, highlighting the involvement of dopaminergic system in gut disorders, often associated to neurological conditions.

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Actions of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the enteric nervous system of guinea-pig stomach and small intestine

European Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02820-0 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 459 (1) ◽

pp. 27-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Sumei Liu ◽

Hong-Zhen Hu ◽

Chuanyun Gao ◽

Na Gao ◽

Guodu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Enteric Nervous System ◽

Cysteinyl Leukotrienes ◽

Guinea Pig Stomach

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Part II: Roentgen diagnosis of acute mechanical obstruction of the small intestine

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/05678067109171189 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 11 (s306) ◽

pp. 74-192

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Mechanical Obstruction ◽

Roentgen Diagnosis

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Identification of serotonergic (5HT1A-type) receptors in broiler small intestine by application of serotonin and its agonists and antagonists

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1102051m ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (1-2) ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Indira Mujezinovic ◽

Vitomir Cupic ◽

Ahmed Smajlovic ◽

Mehmed Muminovic

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Smooth Muscles ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Force Transducer ◽

Mechanical Activity ◽

Organ Bath ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Isolated Organ Bath ◽

Longitudinal Layer

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesised from L-tryptophan in serotonergic neurons and enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. This neurotransmitter is widely distributed in the animal and plant kingdom and regulates some central and peripheral functions through several types of specific serotonergic (5-HT) receptors. Since it is known that the effect of serotonin, especially in pathological conditions, is very important, we believe that determining the types of receptors for this substance would make it possible to use their agonist or antagonists, which would undoubtedly enhance the pharmacotherapy of functional disruption of the small intestine in broilers. Investigations were carried out on isolated smooth muscle strips of the circular and longitudinal layer of the broiler small intestine (strip dimension 3-4 mm x 2 cm). The muscle strips were placed in an isolated organ bath. The mechanical activity of the preparations was recorded via an isotonic force transducer coupled to a pen recorder. This was done following the addition of serotonin (nonselective 5-HT agonist), 8-OH-DPAT (selective 5-HT1A agonist) and spiroxatrin (selective 5-HT1A antagonist). The sensitivity of the tissues to acetylcholine was tested before starting the experiments. Using the obtained results, it can be concluded that 5HT1A type receptors are present in smooth muscles of the broiler small intestine, duodenum and ileum, especially in the longitudinal smooth muscle layer which reacted with contractions even to low serotonin concentration (10-6), but not in the jejunum.

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ROLE OF THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN REGULATING MOTILITY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE: A RECOLLECTION OF MY STUDY

Biomedical Research ◽

10.2220/biomedres.14.149 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 149-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SYOMATU YOKOYAMA

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Enteric Nervous System

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The role of the nervous system in smooth muscle contraction in anaphylaxis

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj74814 ◽

1937 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 899-904

Author(s):

A. N. Gordienko

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Autonomic Nervous System ◽

Anaphylactic Shock ◽

Ganglion Cells ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Smooth Muscles ◽

Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽

Central System ◽

Autonomic Nervous ◽

Isolated Organs

The problem of the participation of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of anaphylactic shock has been the focus of attention of many researchers. Despite the large number of works, a consensus on this issue has not yet been reached. It is known that isolated organs of a sensitized animal can react to an antigen much more strongly than organs of a non-sensitized animal. By isolating the uterus, a piece of intestine, etc., we separate the latter from the central system and by this we judge that an anaphylactic reaction can proceed without the participation of the nervous system. At the same time, we forget two provisions: first, that the reaction of smooth muscles in isolated conditions differs in many respects from the reaction of the whole organism and, second, that these isolated organs contain elements of the autonomic nervous system in the form of fibers and nerve endings and peripheral ganglion cells. Therefore, we believe that the data obtained on isolated organs cannot serve as evidence of the passivity of the autonomic nervous system in anaphylactic shock, the participation of the latter should be studied on the whole organism. We have published our experimental data on the participation of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of anaphylactic shock. In this work, we tried to establish the importance of the nervous system in the reaction of smooth muscles in the whole organism, which is given a dominant role in the pathogenesis of anaphylactic shock.

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