scholarly journals USEFULNESS OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Mohamed Alsafy
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Acalculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
The Difference

Definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever is made by hemoculture and serological tests, namely Widal test. The present study was conducted to assess the usefulness of Ultrasonography (USG) in diagnosis of typhoid fever. 74 cases of clinically and laboratory confirmed cases of typhoid fever of both genders underwent USG. Out of 74 patients, males were 44 and females were 30. At day 5 on USG, out of 74 patients, 38 had mesenteric lymph nodes enlargement, 52 patients had splenomegaly, 32 had bowel thickening, 24 had Hepatomegaly and 36 had acalculus cholecystitis. At day 10, 20 had MLNs, 40 patients had splenomegaly, 12 had bowel thickening, 9 had hepatomegaly and 14 had acalculus cholecystitis. At day 10, 8 had MLNs, 23 patients had splenomegaly, 1 had bowel thickening and 5 had acalculus cholecystitis. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). USG was useful in assessment of typhoid fever. Most common USG findings were MLNs, splenomegaly, bowel thickening, hepatomegaly and acalculous cholecystitis.

scholarly journals Comparison of pathological changes in the study of dogs affected by parvoviral enteritis and intestinal yersiniosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-110
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Zon ◽  
Lyudmyla Ivanovska ◽  
Illia Zon ◽  
Tion Matthew Terzungwe
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

Aim of the study: to examine the pathological changes in dogs that died due to confirmed intestinal yersiniosis and parvoviral enteritis and establish trends for characteristic organ lesions for both diseases in comparison, then evaluate our findings with the existing published material of sufficient evidence quality regarding differential postmortem diagnosis of spontaneous intestinal yersiniosis and parvoviral enteritis in dogs. Materials and methods: the study examined the cases of 25 dogs from 2 month to 1.3 y.o. of various breed, gender that died due to either confirmed Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPV) infection or intestinal yersiniosis and subsequently divided into two groups based on their diagnosis. The definitive diagnosis has been confirmed by performing rapid ELISA diagnostics (SensPERT®, VetAll Laboratories, Kyunggi-Do, Korea) for CPV and serological tests for Y. enterocolitica sera AT were performed using yersiniosis antigens from the "Component set for serological diagnosis of animal yersiniosis" (Kharkiv, NSC IEKVM, TS 46.15.091-95) in accordance with the "Interim guidelines for the use of a set of components for serological diagnostics". A dilution of 1: 200 has been considered as the diagnostic titer. After the definitive diagnosis had been confirmed, the animals were divided into two groups, depending on diagnosis: CPV (n=14) or IY (n=11). The autopsies of twenty randomly (10 from each group) selected dog corpses have been conducted utilizing standard methodology. Results: according to the results of autopsy of dogs afflicted by CPV, the main pathological changes were found in the small intestine – catarrhal-desquamative inflammation (in 100 % of cases), serous-hemorrhagic mesenteric lymphadenitis (90 %) large intestine (70 %) in the stomach (60 %), in the liver (50 %), in other organs – less than 40 percent of cases and most notably caused lung damage (edema and local atelectasis) in 90 % of the animals in the study, which was not the case for intestinal yersiniosis with only 20 % incidence of lung damage. Conclusions: Spontaneous intestinal yersiniosis in dogs was pathologically manifested by pronounced catarrhal-desquamative processes mainly in the stomach and small intestine (70, 100 and 80 % of cases, respectively), inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes (90 %) and large intestine (80 %), dystrophy and congestive processes in the liver (80 %). Low incidence and type of lung damage (congestive hyperemia in 20 % of reviewed cases compared to 90 % of local atelectasis add edema in CPV group) was noteworthy. Cases of 25 animals that died due to either confirmed CPV or Y. enterocolitica infection were analyzed, and 20 animal corpses were autopsied during study. Dogs that died from intestinal yersiniosis had significantly higher frequency of pathological findings in kidney (200 %) and liver (60 %) in particular. Changes in stomach and large intestine were also more frequent. At the same time, we observed a lower frequency of pathological changes in spleen (33 % lower), heart (25 % lower) and the lowest frequency was in lungs (77 % lower) presented by edema and local atelectasis in animals afflicted by yersiniosis compared to CPV. Incidence and manifestation of pathological findings was mesenteric lymph nodes and abdominal cavity were similar, and could not be considered during posthumous diagnostics.

scholarly journals Intercurrence of Paratuberculosis in Intradermal Tuberculin Test Reactive Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Assunção De Souza ◽  
Nicolle Pereira Soares ◽  
Alessandra Aparecida Medeiros-Ronchi ◽  
Brendhal Almeida Silva ◽  
Pedro Paulo Feitosa De Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Pathological Finding ◽  
Intradermal Test ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
False Positive Reactions

Background: Bovine tuberculosis control programs are based on a standard diagnostic method, the intradermal test with purified protein derivatives, which is used to identify and eliminate diseased animals. Currently none of the tests available allow complete differentiation between infected and uninfected animals. The main limitations of the tests available are related to diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, which results in false positive reactions due to the existence of cross infections, and also false negative, inherent to the state of energy of some animals. The aim of this work was to study the intercurrence of paratuberculosis in tuberculosis reactive cattle by the comparative cervical test.Materials, Methods & Results: Three hundred and thirty four cattle were evaluated using the comparative cervical test (CCT) and serology for tuberculosis (TB) and paratuberculosis (PTB) ELISA IDEXX®. All of the animals testing positive by CCT were euthanized and necropsied. Fragments of lymph node, lung and intestine were collected and analyzed using histopathological techniques, with staining by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Samples of lung and lymph nodes (retropharyngeal, submandibular, cervical and mediastinal) of the animals testing positive by CCT were evaluated using qPRC for M. bovis, and intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes using PCR for PTB. Of the 334 cattle evaluated using the comparative cervical test, 16 were considered positive. No lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were found in the macroscopic inspection of the carcasses. The most evident anatomical and pathological finding was a thickening of intestinal mucosa, found in 12 of the 16 cattle submitted to necropsy. No microscopic lesions suggestive of TB were identified nor was the presence of M. bovis detected by qPCR. The main histopathological findings were observed in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes and identified as enteritis, lymphangitis, lymphangiectasia and granulomatous lymphadenitis. In the intestine the changes are characterized by dilated and inflamed lymphatic vessels and intense inflammatory infiltrate on the mucosa and submucosa. Of the 334 serum samples evaluated, the M. bovis ELISA Antibody Test (IDEXX®) identified 17 positive animals. All the cattle considered positive by M. bovis ELISA were considered negative by CCT. In the samples from nine animals (9/16), DNA from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) was identified and in twelve carcasses (12/16) lesions characteristic of PTB were found, which were subsequently confirmed by histopathological techniques. In another nine animals of the herd anti-MAP antibodies were detected. None of those that tested positive by PTB ELISA were reactive by CCT.Discussion: Animals considered positive by TB ELISA that were not positive in the intradermal test does not mischaracterize the clinical picture of the disease. Considering the inverse relationship between cell-mediated and humoral responses to M. bovis, the intradermal test and the serological tests are designed to measure different immunological responses, which develop during different stages of infection. The progress of the cellular immunological response to humoral immunity occurs in the most advanced stages of tuberculosis. Of the 16 cattle considered positive by CCT, 12 animals presented macroscopic and histological lesions suggestive of PTB and DNA from MAP was detected in nine. Although it is the official test for the control of TB in different countries, the intradermal test with PPD has presented limitations, primarily related to specificity. M. avium subsp. Paratuberculosis is considered the main cause of false positive reactions in the intradermal test. The PPD bacterial extract is a complex mixture of proteins, lipids, sugars and nucleic acids, and many of these components are also shared by numerous species of mycobacteria (tuberculous or not). 

In situ demonstration of migration of dendritic cells released from rat small intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A183-A183
Author(s):  
H KOBAYASHI ◽  
H NAGATA ◽  
S MIURA ◽  
T AZUMA ◽  
H SUZUKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

scholarly journals The microbiota is dispensable for the early stages of peripheral regulatory T cell induction within mesenteric lymph nodes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Wiechers ◽  
Mangge Zou ◽  
Eric Galvez ◽  
Michael Beckstette ◽  
Maria Ebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Regulatory T Cell ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

AbstractIntestinal Foxp3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets are crucial players in tolerance to microbiota-derived and food-borne antigens, and compelling evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota modulates their generation, functional specialization, and maintenance. Selected bacterial species and microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been reported to promote Treg homeostasis in the intestinal lamina propria. Furthermore, gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) are particularly efficient sites for the generation of peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs). Despite this knowledge, the direct role of the microbiota and their metabolites in the early stages of pTreg induction within mLNs is not fully elucidated. Here, using an adoptive transfer-based pTreg induction system, we demonstrate that neither transfer of a dysbiotic microbiota nor dietary SCFA supplementation modulated the pTreg induction capacity of mLNs. Even mice housed under germ-free (GF) conditions displayed equivalent pTreg induction within mLNs. Further molecular characterization of these de novo induced pTregs from mLNs by dissection of their transcriptomes and accessible chromatin regions revealed that the microbiota indeed has a limited impact and does not contribute to the initialization of the Treg-specific epigenetic landscape. Overall, our data suggest that the microbiota is dispensable for the early stages of pTreg induction within mLNs.

Pericolic mesenteric lymph nodes: an aid in distinguishing diverticulitis from cancer of the colon.

1997 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
K N Chintapalli ◽  
C C Esola ◽  
S Chopra ◽  
A A Ghiatas ◽  
G D Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

Mesenteric lymph nodes in children: what is normal?

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boaz Karmazyn ◽  
Elizabeth A. Werner ◽  
Babak Rejaie ◽  
Kimberly E. Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph
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