scholarly journals Linguocultural Specificity of Chinese Poetry and Ways to Compensate them in Translation

The problem of language and culture correlation has long been the focus of considerable attention in Linguistics. It has recently acquired particular urgency due to the intensive development of linguistic culturology. The article deals with one of the aspects of the “language and culture” issue, namely the language influence on culture based on the linguo-cultural peculiarities of ancient Chinese poetry. The language-specific nature of this poetry is presupposed by the polytonic and isolating system of Chinese language, which results in impoverishing the rhyme and creating the certain monotony of rhythm. All this is also stipulated by hieroglyphic script which stimulates lexical polysemy and semantic integrity of linguistic units. Cultural peculiarity of Chinese poetry, in its turn, is caused by the presence of characteristic poetic genres unique to China, by the presence of cultural and relevant proper names and cultural realia as well as by the presence of special figurative (semiotic) codes in Chinese poetry. All these factors result in considerable difficulties while translating into other languages, especially into European ones. The article considers some ways of neutralizing these difficulties in Russian and English translations. It has been established, in particularly, that translators most often resort to the methods of substantiation, loan translation, and analogue translation. Most often, the external shape of poetry (rhythm, rhyme) has to be sacrifice (omission transformation).

Author(s):  
Амир Александрович Хисамутдинов ◽  
Виктор Нуриевич Незамутдинов

Статья посвящена работе русских исследователей по изучению традиционной культуры Китая, которое началось в Пекинской духовной миссии и российском посольстве в Пекине и было продолжено русскими эмигрантами, оказавшимися в Китае в ходе Гражданской войны в России и после нее. Большой вклад в изучение этнографии Китая внес Иван Серебренников. Особенно важной является его работа, основанная на полевых исследованиях и интервью, об албазинцах, потомках русских первопроходцев. Очень многое в изучении Китая сделали русские дипломаты, служившие в российском посольстве в Пекине: Иван Коростовец, Яков Бранд, Николай Колесов и др. Этнографическими исследованиями в Китае, связанными часто с педагогической деятельностью, занимались и эмигранты из России: Сергей Широкогоров, Иван Гапанович, Сергей Полевой и др. Их многолетнее погружение в китайский язык и культуру создало благоприятные условия для исследований и принесло результаты в виде научных трудов, которые востребованы и сегодня. Они оказали влияние и на китайских деятелей науки и культуры, знакомя их с русскими методами исследований. К сожалению, до сего дня сохранилось не так много публикаций о традиционной культуре Китая, изданных на русском языке. Большое количество работ осталось в рукописях, которые хранятся в зарубежных собраниях, что делает их труднодоступными для российских исследователей. Основанная на материалах, выявленных в иностранных архивах и библиотеках, данная статья сообщает ранее неизвестные факты об изучении этнографии Китая русскими. This article is devoted to the work of Russian researchers on the traditional culture of China which began at the Beijing Theological Mission and the Russian Embassy in Beijing and was continued by Russian émigrés who ended up in China during and after the Civil War in Russia. Ivan Serebrennikov was one who made a great contribution to the study of the ethnography of China. Especially important is his work about the Albazinians, descendants of Russian pioneers, which was based on field research and interviews. Russian diplomats who served at the Russian Embassy in Beijing - Ivan Korostovets, Yakov Brand, Nikolai Kolesov and others - did a lot of research on China. Émigrés from Russia, often associated with pedagogical activity, also engaged in ethnographic rearch in China. These included: Sergei Shirokogorov, Ivan Gapanovich, Sergei Polevoy and others. They influenced Chinese cultural scientists, introducing them to Russian research methods. Their many years of immersion in Chinese language and culture produced valuable research that is still in demand today. Unfortunately, to this day there are not many works about the traditional culture of China published in Russian. A large number of works have remained in manuscript and are kept in foreign collections, which makes them difficult for Russian researchers to access. Based on material collected from foreign archives and libraries, this article reports on previously unknown material concerning the study of Chinese ethnography by Russians.


Author(s):  
И.М. Петрачкова

Статья посвящена исследованию имен собственных в контексте таких драматургических произведений Л.Н. Разумовской, как пьесах «Под одной крышей», «Дорогая Елена Сергеевна», «Сад без земли», «Майя», «Домой!..», «Медея», «Моя сестра Русалочка». Новизна работы состоит в том, что ранее ономастикон русской драматургии второй половины ΧΧ века, в том числе и пьес Л.Н. Разумовской, не изучался, а между тем он занимает особое место и играет важную роль как в осмыслении теоретических основ литературной ономастики, так и в их дальнейшем развитии. В работе перечисляются особенности создания и использования имен собственных в пьесах художника слова. Здесь рассматриваются типы и значимость заголовков, сюжетные и внесюжетные поэтонимы, их статус, семантика и функции, особенности употребления модификатов в изучаемых произведениях. Исследование отражает результаты применения системного подхода к классификации имен собственных, функционирующих в драматургическом тексте, раскрывает когнитивный, лингвокультурологический, парадигматический, синтагматический аспекты их анализа, направлено на выявление общих и индивидуально-авторских закономерностей онимического пространства (ономастических универсалий) драматургии «новой волны» на примере творчества Л.Н. Разумовской. Материалы статьи могут использоваться в учебных и просветительских целях в высших и средних учебных заведениях - в преподавании университетских курсов лексикологии, лингвистического анализа художественного текста, стилистики, современной русской литературы, а также спецкурсов и спецсеминаров по вопросам ономастики. Результаты исследования будут интересны широкому кругу преподавателей и учителей русской словесности, внедряющих в учебный процесс современные достижения филологических наук, с целью формирования у обучаемых устойчивого интереса к русскому языку и культуре, развития у них творческих способностей. The article is devoted to the study of proper names in the context of such dramatic works by L. N. Razumovskaya, such as the plays “Under One Roof”, “Dear Elena Sergeevna”, “Garden Without Land”, “Maya”, “Home! ..”, “Medea” , "My sister The Little Mermaid." The novelty of the work is that earlier the onomasticon of Russian dramaturgy of the second half of the ΧΧ century, including the plays of L. N. Razumovskaya, was not studied, but meanwhile it occupies a special place and plays an important role both in understanding of theoretical foundations of literary onomastics, and their further development. The paper lists the features of creating and using proper names in the artist’s plays of the word. Here we consider the types and significance of headings, plot and non-plot poem, their status, semantics and functions, especially the use of modifiers in the studied works. The study reflects the results of applying a systematic approach to the classification of proper names functioning in a dramatic text, reveals the cognitive, linguoculturological, paradigmatic, syntagmatic aspects of their analysis, is aimed at identifying the general and individual author's laws of the onymic space (onomastic universals) of the “new wave” dramaturgy using an example of creativity L. N. Razumovskaya. The materials of the article can be used for educational and enlightening purposes in higher and secondary educational institutions - in teaching university courses in lexicology, linguistic analysis of literary text, stylistics, modern Russian literature, as well as special courses and special seminars on onomastics. The results of the study will be of interest to a wide range of teachers and teachers of Russian literature, introducing the modern achievements of philological sciences into the educational process, with the aim of forming students' sustained interest in the Russian language and culture, developing their creative abilities.


MANUSYA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Wu ◽  
Sethawut Techasan

This paper examines the linguistic landscape (shop names) of Chinatown in Bangkok, a prosperous minority language (Chinese) community of diverse commercial establishments. Informed by an ethnographic framework, it explores the preservation of Chinese language and culture under the circumstance of language contact with Thai, the majority language, and globalization influence of English. Unsurprisingly, the inherited Chinese language (dialects as Teochew or Cantonese) was lost in the 2nd or 3rd generation of the Chinese descendants in Chinatown. However, the shop names suggest that in part because of its commodifying value and cultural awareness of the current proprietors, the Chinese shop owners are inclined to preserve the Chinese language and culture of the shops through the use of traditional Chinese characters, colors, layout and other marks of the shops. On the other hand, an analysis of the mutual translations of Chinese and Thai indicates that Chinese has more of a symbolic rather than informative function for Thai monolingual customers. Moreover, the ascendancy of English has contributed to the complexity of the multilingual landscape in Bangkok’s Chinatown.


2013 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 153-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONG LIN

The forms of Chinese classic poetry have been developed through thousands of years of history and are still current in today's poetry society. A re-classification of the rhyming words, however, is necessary to keep the classic poetry up to date in the new settings of modern Chinese language. To ease the transition process, computing technology is used to help the readers as well as poetry writers to check the compliance of poems in accordance with the forms and to compose poems without the effort to learn the old grouping of rhyming words. A piece of software has been developed in a faculty/student research project at the University of Houston-Downtown to verify this idea. This software, called Chinese classic poetry wizard, provides the functionality of checking metrical forms and rhyming schemes. It also allows users to edit rhyme dictionaries and metrical forms. The new rhyming scheme proposed in this paper should rationalize the composition rules of classic Chinese poetry in the modern society; and the poem composition wizard will provide a handy tool for poem composition. This work will help revive Chinese classic poetry in modern society and, in a sequel, contribute to the current campaign of advocating Chinese traditional teachings.


Author(s):  
N. V. Myronova

For a long time, the study of ethno-language and ethno-culture was conducted based on the use of different conceptual and terminological devices, despite the significant commonality and the research possibilities in mutual connection with applying a single system of instrumental categories – universal methodological basis – semiotics. The semiotics of culture made it possible to interpret the phenomena of language and culture as phenomena of the same order. Culture is explored as a polyglot phenomenon, as a system of sign systems. In the dynamic aspect, culture, formed in the process of sociohistorical development of the people, appears as a set of schemes or programs of subjectpractical and spiritual-theoretical behaviour of people. By analogy with biological heredity, we refer to cultural heritage, in the frame of which individual behavioural programs are considered as a kind of “cultural genes”, whose systems, like genetic codes, form cultural codes. In this article, we consider the language and cultural code, namely their interaction in the linguo-cultural space. Thus, behavioural programs function in society in a signed form: in the form of social symbolism systems, in the form of etiquette signs, various kinds of signals, in the form of language. From these perspectives, we consider language as a mega program that regulates human thinking and behaviour. This approach allows us to identify the connection between language and culture. From the standpoint of the semiotics of culture, verbal speech is the main, nuclear sign system of ethno-culture, over which all other sign systems of this culture are built as its auxiliary mechanisms. The article deals with the connection between the concepts of language and code, as well as a number of related concepts. The concept of “linguistic image” is specified. The cultural code is divided into subcodes with a multi-level hierarchy. The system of cultural codes with its “vertical” and “horizontal” relations represents the figurative system of culture. Units of linguo-cultural code are formed under the interaction of cultural codes with the generally accepted code. A unit of linguo-cultural code consists of any number of lexemes, but it is a natural language embodiment of only one unit of cultural code (a separate image). Figurative codes of culture are embodied only in such linguistic units that have a figurative basis.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document